Electrophoretic studies of the systematic and biogeographic relationships of the Fijian bat genera Pteropus, Pteralopex, Chaerephon and Notopteris.

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ingleby ◽  
D Colgan
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
The One ◽  
Pteropus Samoensis ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Flying Fox

Allozyme variation at 24 - 29 presumptive loci was used to examine the systematic relationships between Fijian bats and those from neighbouring areas such as Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia. Genetic data indicate that the Fijian bat fauna contains highly divergent taxa as well as some populations that are virtually indistinguishable electrophoretically from conspecifics in neighbouring islands groups, particularly species shared with Vanuatu. The endemic Fijian monkey-faced bat Pteralopex acrodonta, had a level of distinctiveness from two of its congeners in the Solomon Islands comparable to that between different genera. There was also considerable electrophoretic variation within what is generally considered a single species, the northern freetail-bat Chaerephon jobensis. The Australian form, C. j. colonicus, shows levels of divergence from the Fiji/Vanuatu subspecies, C. j. bregullae, consistent with that of a distinct species. C. j. solomonis from the Solomon Islands appears to represent a third species within this group. Moderate levels of divergence were found within the one subspecies of long-tailed flying-fox Notopteris macdonaldii sampled from Fiji and Vanuatu. In contrast to Pteralopex and Chaerephon, close affinities were found between and within several other southwest Pacific bat species, in particular, the two different subspecies of insular flying-fox Pteropus tonganus from Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Low levels of genetic divergence were also found between P. tonganus and the morphologially similar spectacled flying-fox P. conspicillatus from Australia and New Guinea. The Samoan flying-fox Pteropus samoensis appeared to be most closely allied to the Temotu flying-fox Pteropus nitendiensis, from the Solomon Islands.

Dysdercus sidae. [Distribution map].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dysdercus sidae Montr. (D. insular is Stål) (Hemipt., Pyrrhocoridae). Host Plants: Cotton, kapok, Hibiscus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALASIA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Fiji, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Niue, Papua & New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Wallis Islands, Irian Jaya.

The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
Foreign Control

At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.

Drechslera incurvata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
New Hebrides

Abstract A description is provided for Drechslera incurvata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cocos nucifera. DISEASE: A leaf spot of young coconut (Cocos nucifera). The spots are at first small, oval, brown; enlarging and becoming pale buff in the centre with a broad, dark brown margin. In severe attacks the edges of leaves become extensively necrotic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apart from records from Jamaica and Seychelles the fungus has been reported only from S.E. Asia, Australasia and Oceania: British Solomon Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Malaysia (W., Sabah, Sarawak), New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Thailand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air dispersed.

Arpactophilus reassessed, with three bizarre new species from New Guinea (Hymenotpera : Sphecidae : Pemphredonindae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Menke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
New Britain

Diagnostic characters of the Australian genus Arpactophilus are reviewed and augmented. Spilornena is demonstrated to be very similar morphologically, and the distinctions between the two genera are discussed. The known distribution of Arpactophilus now includes New Guinea, New Britain, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and Fiji. Three new species of the genus are described from New Guinea: A. preposterus, A. rhinocerus and A. papua. The maxillary palpi of Arpactophilus, Spilomena, Xysrna and Microstigrnus are 5-segmented, not 6- as previously assumed. These four genera are removed from the subtribe Stigmina, and placed in a new subtribe, the Spilomenina.

Phyllachora pterocarpi. [Distribution map].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllachora pterocarpi H. Sydow. Hosts: Pterocarpus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Transvaal, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Brunei, Indonesia, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia, Singapore, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

Meliola citricola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
Citrus Aurantiifolia

Abstract A description is provided for M. citricola. Information on the symptoms of the disease caused by this fungus, transmission, hosts (Citrus aurantiifolia, C. aurantium, C. decumana [C. maxima], C. grandis [C. maxima], C. maxima, C. medica, C. nobilis, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, C. suhuiensis, Citrus sp. and Citrofortunella mitis [Citrus madurensis]) and geographical distribution (Brunei; Cambodia; China; Karnataka and West Bengal, India; Indonesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam; Fiji; New Caledonia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; and Western Samoa) is included.

Cladistic biogeography of marine water striders (Insecta, Hemiptera) in the Indo-Pacific

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andersen N Moller
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Water Striders ◽  
Areas Of Endemism

More than 120 species of marine water striders (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha), representing three families and eight genera, are distributed throughout the lndo-Pacific region. They live in marine habitats such as mangroves, intertidal coral reef flats and the sea surface near coral and rocky coasts. Five species of sea skaters, Halobates (Gerridae), have colonised the surface of the open ocean. Adult marine water striders are wingless but may disperse along coasts, chains of islands and possibly across wider stretches of open sea. Although some species of coral bugs, Halovelia (Veliidae) and Halobates are widespread, most species of marine water striders have rather restricted distributions. Cladistic hypotheses are now available for the genera Halovelia, Xenobates (Veliidae) and Halobates. Based upon distributional data for about 110 species, a number of areas of endemism can be delimited within the Indo-Pacific region. The results of component analyses of taxon-area cladograms for several monophyletic species-groups of marine water striders are presented. The faunas of northern New Guinea, the Bismarck and Solomon Islands (Papuasia) are closely related and show much greater affinity with Maluku, Sulawesi and the Philippines than with the fauna of northern Australia. Relationships between the faunas of Papuasia + Sulawesi + the Philippines and those of Borneo + Jawa + Malaya are relatively weak. Marine water striders endemic to islands of the western Pacific show relationships among themselves and with Australia. Most marine water striders from the Indian Ocean (East Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Maldives) can be derived from the Indian-South-east Asian fauna. Composite faunas of marine water striders (either of different age or origin) are found in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands, the Philippines, tropical Australia and East Africa. The biogeography of marine water striders does not support the traditional division of the Indo- Pacific into the Ethiopian, Oriental and Australian regions. The distributional patterns are more compatible with a set of hierarchical relationships between more restricted areas of endemism.

The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Melanesia and Oceania

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1502 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEIKKI HIPPA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other

The following new species of Manota are described: M. biunculata (Papua New Guinea), M. evexa (Papua New Guinea), M. explicans (Papua New Guinea), M. gemella (Ambon, Maluku Utara, Indonesia), M. hirsuta (Papua New Guinea), M. orthacantha (Papua New Guinea), M. parilis (Papua New Guinea), M. pentacantha (Solomon Islands), M. perissochaeta (Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands), M. serawei (Papua New Guinea), M. sicula (Papua New Guinea), M. spathula (Papua New Guinea), M. subspathula (Papua New Guinea) and M. tricuspis (Fiji). Manota ctenophora Matile (New Caledonia), M. maorica Edwards (New Zealand) and M. taedia Matile (New Caledonia) are redescribed. Manota hamulata Colless, previously known from Palau, is redescribed and recorded from Papua New Guinea. Manota pacifica Edwards from Samoa is discussed and compared with the other species of the region. A key to the Melanesian and Oceanian species of Manota is given.

Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval) and S. triturata (Walker), two distinct Species

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Single Female ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The One ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Comoro Islands

In working out a collection of Heterocera made by J. D. Bradley in the Solomon Islands, preparations were made of the genitalia of specimens of Spodoptera mauritia (Boisd.) and they were found to differ from those of African specimens, with which they were compared. Subsequent study of the material in the British Museum has shown that two species have been confused under the one name; S. mauritia, which occurs in Madagascar, Mauritius, the Comoro Islands and from India to the Pacific and which is known from continental Africa from only a single female taken at Lindi on the coast of Tanganyika, and the second species, S. triturata (Wlk.), which occurs throughout continental Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. As both species are of economic importance, it has been decided to describe their differences in a separate paper rather than include them in the faunistic paper dealing with the Heterocera of Eennell Island.

Ficus in the Solomon Islands and its bearing on the post-jurassic history of Melanesia

1967 ◽  
Vol 253 (783) ◽  
pp. 23-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Unit ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Britain ◽  
Asian Mainland ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

The fig-flora of the Solomon Islands (Bougainville to San Cristobal) is exceptionally rich (63 species, 23 endemic). It is related to that of New Guinea but differs in the species of four groups, namely subgen. Pharmacosycea (3 endemics), subgen. Ficus sect. Sycidium ser. Scabrae (6 endemics), sect. Sycocarpus subsect. Auriculisperma (5 endemics), and subsect. Sycocarpus (8 endemics); the other endemic is in sect. Adenosperma . The effect is a flora that defines the Solomons as a geographical unit. These four subgeneric groups appear to have arisen in this part of Melanesia and to have spread thence with varying success through Malaysia to the Asian mainland. Eastwards ser. Scabrae has evolved in Polynesia and subgen. Pharmacosycea in New Caledonia. Most of the 36 species common with New Guinea terminate their eastward distribution in San Cristobal; nine extend to New Hebrides and two of these to Polynesia. Four dispersal arcs are recognized: (i) the Melanesian Foreland linking northern New Guinea, New Ireland, New Britain, the Solomons, New Hebrides and, perhaps, Fiji; (ii) the Australian Foreland linking southern New Guinea, Queensland and New Caledonia; (iii) a subsidiary connexion between the Solomons, New Hebrides and New Caledonia; (iv) the tropical Pacific fig-route which, as the oldest, connected with tropical America. These conclusions put Melanesia as a centre of Ficus -evolution and, therefore, the distribution of the Melanesian groups of Ficus becomes a prime chronological factor in the post-Jurassic history of Melanesia. Ficus is taken as an example of the durian theory in the sense of the evolution of the modern tree. The rule is formulated that, without a pachycaul predecessor, there can have been no major subgeneric evolution. Surviving pachycauls are descendents of the stocks from which the new groups have spread. Hence pachycaul geography becomes a basis for phytogeography. New taxa are : F. cristobalensis, F. dissipata, F. illiberalis, F. immanis, F. macrothyrsa var. lancifolia, F. novae-georgiae, F. oleracea var. villosa, F. pseudowassa, F. scaposa and F. tanypoda .

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