Effect of concentrate supplementation on performance and ingestive behaviour of lambs grazing tropical Aruana grass (Panicum maximum)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation on the performance and ingestive behaviour of lambs grazing tropical grasslands of Panicum maximum cv. IZ-5 and its effect on pasture characteristics. Different levels of daily supplementation with concentrate were compared: no supplementation; or supplemented at 1.5% and 2.5% of lamb liveweight. The grazing simulation technique was used for qualitative assessment of the pasture every 28 days. Herbage mass, pasture growth rate, sward height as well as botanical and morphological composition of the pasture were evaluated. Average daily gain, gain per hectare and ingestive behaviour were measured on the lambs. The forage supply was 4% of green leaves (4 kg dry matter per 100 kg of liveweight) in all treatments. Six 3–4-month-old Texel and Corriedale lambs were used per paddock. The design was a randomised block design with three replications. Concentrate supplementation had a direct effect on pasture structure, especially height (significant interaction treatment vs period – P = 0.0373). In the treatment without supplementation, the animals grazed for a longer period than the others. Idle time was higher in the treatment with the highest level of supplementation, and rumination time was similar among the treatments. Supplementation with 2.5% significantly increased the average daily gain (0.143 g vs 0.026 g for no supplementation) and gain per hectare (30 kg vs 258 kg for no supplementation vs supplementation at 2.5% of lamb liveweight, respectively). The results show the potential increase in production and productivity with the use of concentrate supplementation at 2.5% lamb bodyweight. Notwithstanding the increase in production, supplementation with concentrate provided a strong negative impact on pasture structure and behaviour of animals that should be considered when using concentrate supplementation for finishing lambs in tropical regions.

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Pasture Height of A Tropical Erect Grass Affecting Young Lamb Herbage Intake And Performance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1229810/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lívia Raymundo Irigoyen ◽

Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli ◽

Gladis Ferreira Corrêa ◽

Jalise Fabíola Tontini ◽

Ignacio Fernando López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Production ◽

Short Treatment ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Herbage Intake ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Tropical erect grass pastures have high forage production potential in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. However, in this kind of pasture, the body weight gain of weaned lambs is usually below of their potential. We determined the effect of pasture height of an erect tropical grass, consequently its structure, on intake and performance of young lambs. The experiment was repeated in two years. Thirty young weaned lambs (4-5 months) were assigned, each year, to three Panicum maximum pasture heights: 1) Tall-75 cm; 2) Medium-50 cm and 3) Short-25 cm. Herbage mass, pasture height, plant morphological composition, pasture nutritional quality, lamb’s average daily gain, gain per hectare and herbage intake were measured. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, evaluated in two periods each year. The Short treatment presented, on average and for longer, the highest leaf:stem ratio (1.3 ± 0.23) and average daily gain (91 ± 10 g/day) in relation to the Medium and Tall treatments (68 ± 10 and 40 ± 13 g, respectively). There was a significant interaction between treatment*period for herbage intake. The Tall treatment showed a marked decrease in intake from the first to the second period. The pasture height management interferes in the speed at which the number of stems increases of a tropical erect grass, in relation to leaves. For a better performance of weaned young lambs during summer-autumn period, it is important to manage tropical erect grass pastures at lower height than is generally recommended, lower than 25 cm.

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Animal performance and sward characteristics of Mombaça guineagrass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(8)1-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristiane A.F. Alvarenga ◽

Valéria P.B. Euclides ◽

Denise B. Montagner ◽

André F. Sbrissia ◽

Rodrigo A. Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Incident Light ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this work was to compare grazing management practices of Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) based on the sward incident light interception (LI) concept. We tested, when the regrowth period in rotationally stocked Mombaça guineagrass ended, if LI (90 or 95%) affected forage accumulation, sward characteristics and animal performance. Both treatments had a common post-grazing canopy height of 50 cm and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were sampled pre- and post-grazing to determine forage mass, morphological composition and forage accumulation rate (FAR). Nutritive value (NV) was estimated in pre-grazing samples. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week, and animals were weighed every 28 days. Pre-grazing conditions of 90 and 95% LI were reached at pasture heights of approximately 80 and 90 cm, respectively. FAR, sward structure and NV were similar for pastures grazed at 90 and 95% LI. Consequently, stocking rate, average daily gain and liveweight gain/ha were similar for both LI treatments. Data suggest that Mombaça guineagrass can be grazed at pre-grazing heights of 80–90 cm (90–95% LI) without compromising pasture structure and animal performance provided moderate defoliation severity is employed. Further testing of this grazing strategy over longer periods should be carried out with this species as well as other tropical grasses.

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Pasture structure and production of supplemented cattle in deferred signalgrass pasture

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v21e-43578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Anselmo de Deus Santos ◽

Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca ◽

Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽

Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽

Angélica Nunes de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Sward Height ◽

Grazing Period ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The effects of supplement doses (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1 day-1) and grazing periods (1, 28, 59, 89 and 103 days) on the B. decumbens cv. Basilisk structure and cattle production in deferred pastures were evaluated. The design was a randomised complete block design with two replications. The sward height and the total forage and stem masses decreased with grazing period. The crude protein (8.12%) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (52.74%) were not affected by grazing period. The fibre content in neutral and acid detergent increased linearly with the grazing period. The average daily gain of cattle ranged from 0.419 to 1.019 kg animal-1 day-1; the stocking rate ranged from 2.7 to 3.9 animal unit ha-1; and the average gain per area ranged from 2.7 to 7.9 kg ha-1 day-1, with the maximum values obtained with the highest dose of concentrate. Concentrate supplementation increases cattle production in deferred pastures. During the use of deferred pasture in winter there are decreases in the quantity and quality of forage, as well as limitations in its structure.

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Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves.

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-an334-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Philipe Moriel

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Vaccine Response ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Supplemental Feed ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Protein Supply ◽

Daily Gain

Calves can be preconditioned using a wide variety of supplemental feed ingredients. However, feed ingredient selection is not the only factor to consider during a preconditioning process. Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. Producers should not reduce the frequency of concentrate supplementation during the entire preconditioning period as it might lead to poorer vaccine response and average daily gain (consequently, less calf value at sale). However, a gradual reduction of frequency of supplementation is a supplementation strategy that can overcome these negative effects on growth and immunity, and allows producers to save on feeding and labor costs without producing lighter calves that have weaker immune responses.

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172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 61-62

Author(s):

Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽

Jose A Soto ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Corn Protein ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P < 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

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PSX-36 Effect of forage neutral digestion fiber level for feedlot lambs: growth performance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.888 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 451-451

Author(s):

Josue Godinez ◽

Alejandro Plascencia ◽

Francisco Castrejón-Pineda ◽

Juan Carlos Ramírez-Orejel ◽

Luis Corona

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Feedlot Lambs ◽

Sheep Production ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The main objective of sheep production in Mexico is the production of meat. The greater demand of sheep meat in relation to the offer generated an attractive market that favored the intensification of the fattening, to take advantage of the growth of lambs in its different stages, and reduce the days of fattening. Thirty-two lambs (28.50± 2.67 kg initial shrunk weight) were used in a 63-day feeding trial (4 pens per treatment, randomized complete block design) to evaluate neutral detergent fiber level (4, 8, 12, and 16% diet DM) on finishing-phase growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass traits. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based diet in which the NDF concentration of diet was manipulated by replacing cracked corn grain by corn stubble. Dietary NDF level showed a quadratic response on average daily gain and gain efficiency, being those maximal at 8% NDF level. Lambs fed 8% NDF level tended (P = 0.07) to shown greater dry matter intake than others treatments. The ratio of observed-to-expected dietary net energy was 3% lower (0.97) for lambs fed 4% NDF, while the ratio of observed-to-expected dietary net energy for lambs that were fed with 8, 16 and 16% NDF were closely to 1.00. Hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing percentage (DP) were maximal for the lambs fed 8% NDF level (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.03); beyond this level, HCW and DP percentage decreased as NDF level increased. Using corn stubble as source of NDF in growing-finishing diets for lambs, the optimal NDF level was 8%. Fiber level below 8% decreases net energy utilization, and this may be cause by digestive disorders. Fiber levels upper 8% did not affect energy utilization; however, affect negatively average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics by effect of high levels of fiber on energy dilution of diet.

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139 Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 78-79

Author(s):

Maryane S Faria de Oliveira ◽

John K Htoo ◽

Caroline J González-Vega ◽

John E Thomson ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Relative Bioavailability ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Quadratic Effects ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets containing 0.71, 0.79, or 0.87% SID Val. A total of 224 weanling pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 21 d and growth performance was measured on a pen basis. Orthogonal-polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of L-Val and Val-FB levels on performance and the effect of Val sources. A linear regression model based on performance was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to L-Val. The final body-weight (BW) and average-daily-gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val (Table 1). The average-daily-feed-intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) by supplementing graded levels of both Val sources to the diets. The RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146, 135, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99 to 191%, 83 to 187%, and 70 to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val-FB relative to L-Val, and pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB had greater ADG and final BW than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of L-Val.

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PSIV-20 Impact of OutPace® Feed Additive on nursery pig growth performance: A meta-analysis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 175-176

Author(s):

Benjamin Bass ◽

Stacie Crowder ◽

Terry Weeden ◽

Murali Raghavendra Rao ◽

Brenda de Rodas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract OutPace® Feed Additive (OP), contains a carefully researched blend of activated medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs; PMI, Arden Hills, MN), formulated to help mitigate the effects of stress in nursery pigs. Several studies using OP in both late and full nursery periods resulted in improved pig performance. A meta-analysis using 9 studies (4 studies during late nursery [15 to 26.8 kg BW] and 5 studies during the full nursery [5.9 to 25.4 kg]) was done to determine the impact of OP (included at 0.25% Phase 1 and 2; 0.125% Phase 3) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion. The combined data was considered a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance was completed with mixed models using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) and least squares means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (P < 0.05). In the analysis of 5 studies conducted in late nursery (45 pens/treatment of 6 to 20 pigs/pen), pigs provided OP had higher average daily gain (0.67 vs 0.63 kg/d; P < 0.05), increased average daily feed intake (0.99 vs 0.97 kg/d; P < 0.05), and improved feed efficiency (0.67 vs 0.65 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed control diets. Additionally, when pigs were provided OP throughout the nursery period (20 pens/treatment of 7 to 20 pigs/pen), average daily gain was increased 6.1% (0.48 vs 0.45 kg/d; P < 0.05), average daily feed intake tended to be increased 2.2% (0.62 vs 0.61 kg/d; P < 0.1), and feed efficiency was improved 2.7% (0.76 vs 0.74 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs provided control diets. In conclusion, providing OP to pigs during the nursery period improved ADG and feed efficiency.

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Nutrient Yield of Brown Hemp and Its Utilization as Protein Source in Concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native Cattle Performances

Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.12982/cmujns.2021.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supreena Srisaikham ◽

◽

Pipat Lounglawan ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Feed Resources ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Nutrient Yield ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting ages and height on the nutrient composition and yield of brown hemp (BH) in concentrate diets on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. The first experiment was to determine the effects of cutting ages (30, 40 and 50 days) and height (30, 40 and 50 cm) on the nutrient composition and yield of BH. The experiment was a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. This study clearly showed that cutting ages at 50 days had a greater effect on the nutrient composition and yield than at 30 and 40 days, but the cutting heights did not reveal any significant differences in yield. However, the BH cutting for animal feed before plowing, besides improving the soil for green manure, also benefited feed resources. The second experiment was to study the effects of BH meal (BHM) in concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. Twelve cattle, averaging 252 ± 18 kg body weight and at ages of 16-18 months were stratified randomly and assigned to one of the three feeding treatments. Cattle were fed BHM in different ratios: the treatments were 0, 10, and 20% of BHM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the dry matter intake among the treatments of 0, 10 and 20% of BHM in concentrate rations. For average daily gain, the minimum response observed was a significant difference at the highest level of 20% of BHM. Therefore, 10% of BHM can be used in the concentrate rations for beef cattle.

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Ranking of Four Types Fodder as Sole Diet Considering Biological Characteristics and Growth of Local Growing Bulls

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.9734/arja/2019/v11i430068 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Khan Shahidul Huque ◽

Biplob Kumer Roy ◽

Nazmul Huda

Keyword(s):

Cost Efficiency ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Daily Gain

Aims: In this experiment, evaluation of intake, digestibility and growth performances of local growing bulls by feeding Jumbo-green, Para and German grass based on Index (Mf) of Maize are considered and ranked this fodder accordingly. Study Design: Completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, between July 2016 and September 2016. Methodology: Biomass production efficiency (Xddm), animal production efficiency (Xap), CH4 emission deduction efficiency (XCH4) and benefit to cost efficiency (Xbc) was considered to identify the biological characteristics of four fodders. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS-17 to evaluate the intake, digestibility and growth of animal. Rank of each fodder was calculated through the equation of Maize index (Mi) = (Xddm + Xap + XCH4 + Xbc)/4. Results: Aggregation of four arithmetic average efficiency; Jumbo-green, Para and German got 0.42, 0.40 and 0.72 point out of 1.0 point of Mi, respectively. Among four fodders German grass performed best in terms of average daily gain (107 gm/d) and feed conversion ratio (46.9) compared to maize silage (64 gm/d & 58.4, respectively). Weight loss of bulls fed Jumbo and Para has occurred unexpectedly. Conclusion: In combination of mathematical calculation and statistical evaluation, the rank of four fodders measured as Maize>German>Jumbo-green>Para.

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