Effect of long-term rumen-protected methionine supplementation on performance of Shami goats and growth performance of their kids

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Clear Dose Response

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing the diets of Shami goats with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in late pregnancy (last 60 days) and early lactation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile in the first 60 days of lactation, and on growth performance of their kids. Three groups were used (25 goats/group) in a completely randomised design. Groups were a control with no supplements (0RPM) or supplemented with either 2.5 (2.5RPM), or 5.0 g/head.day RPM (5RPM). Birth and weaning weights for kids were recorded and analysed. Milk production was measured and sampled biweekly from each dam and analysed for milk composition. Results showed that RPM had no effect on birth and weaning weights, or average daily gain of Shami kids. However, milk to gain ratio of kids was significantly (P < 0.05) improved. Milk production increased significantly (P < 0.05) in 5RPM group compared with 0RPM and 2.5RPM groups. Milk protein content was the highest (P < 0.05) in the 2.5RPM group, followed by the 5RPM and 0RPM groups, whereas milk fat content was not different among the groups. Meanwhile, yields of both components were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in milk of treated groups. Casein and energy-corrected milk were increased (P < 0.05) with treatment. No effect on dry-matter intake was recorded, while feed to milk ratio was better (P < 0.05) for RPM groups than for 0RPM group. Milk fatty acids composition did not show significant changes after RPM treatment. In conclusion, results showed that supplementing RPM to Shami goats in late pregnancy did not affect birthweight or growth of suckling kids but improved milk production and milk protein, although no clear dose response to RPM was detected.

Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

scholarly journals The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ferro ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
A. S. Atzori
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
The World

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature that had milk production information (e.g., MY, days in milk, and milk fat, protein, and lactose). The majority of sheep breeds were classified as nondairy (76%) because they lacked milk production information. Karakul and Merino accounted for up to 2.4% of sheep breeds raised around the world, whereas the other individual breeds accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, nondairy breeds of goats accounted for 46.3% and of the remaining 53.7%, Saanen, Boer, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Alpine accounted for 6.5, 5, 4.4, 4, and 3%, respectively, of the transboundary breeds. Second, a database compiled from published studies for the selected sheep (n = 65) and goats (n = 78) breeds were analyzed using a random coefficients model (studies and treatments within studies as random effects). For sheep breeds, the average and SD were 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/d for MY, 6.9 ± 1% for milk fat, 5.4 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 5 ± 0.3% for milk lactose, 17.7 ± 1.4% for milk total solids, and 1,073 ± 91 kcal/kg of milk energy. Lacaune had the greatest MY compared to Comisana and Tsigai (1.65 versus 0.83 and 0.62 kg/d; respectively, P &lt; 0.05), but milk components were not different among breeds. For goats breeds, the average and SD across breeds were 1.7 ± 0.6 kg/d for MY, 4.2 ± 0.9% for milk fat, 3.3 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 4.4 ± 0.4% for milk lactose, 12.7 ± 1.1% for milk total solids, and 750 ± 75 kcal/kg of milk energy. Alpine had similar MY to Saanen (2.66 versus 2.55 kg/d, respectively; P &gt; 0.05), but greater (P &lt; 0.05) than other breeds. The Boer breed had the greatest milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids than several other breeds, leading to the greatest milk energy content (907 kcal/kg). Because there are many factors that can alter MY and milk composition, averages provided in this study serve as guidelines, and nutritionists must obtain observed values when using nutrition models.

scholarly journals Production response in dairy cows milked two or three times a day: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte ◽  
Alvaro Garcia ◽  
Karla Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
David G. Reta-Sánchez ◽  
Homero Salinas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Production Response

The objective was to evaluate the effects of two (2×) vs three (3×) times per day milking on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Fourteen scientific papers, containing production data from 16 trials, where dairy cows were milked 2× or 3×, were analysed using meta-analysis with fixed and random-effects with the R statistical program. The degree of heterogeneity and publication bias were measured with the I2 statistic and Begg’s test, respectively. In addition, the meta-regression analysis explored other sources of heterogeneity for the response. The estimated effect size of 2× and 3× milkings was calculated for dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk composition. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk fat and protein yields showed substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%). Whereas milk fat-percentage had moderate heterogeneity (I2<50%), and milk protein had no (I2=0%)heterogeneity. The year of publication, trial duration, and cattle breed did not influence production response parameters to milking frequency. We found no evidence of publication bias for the parameters evaluated (Begg’s test; P>.05). Cows milked 2× produced less milk (2.23 kg/d), less milk fat (0.06kg/d), and less milk protein (0.05 kg/d). In contrast, the fat percentage was lower (0.07 units) in 3×, compared with 2× milking frequency. There was no effect of milking frequency on DMI and milk protein percentage. In conclusion, milk production and milk fat and protein yields improves as milking frequency increase from 2× to 3× daily, without affecting DMI. The implementation of 3× milking frequency must consider dairy cow management, labor, and milking parlour infrastructure, particular to each dairy farm.

scholarly journals The effects of incomplete milking and increased milking frequency on milk production rate and milk composition1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2424-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M Kuehnl ◽  
Meghan K Connelly ◽  
Alen Dzidic ◽  
Megan Lauber ◽  
Hannah P Fricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Production Effects ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Increased milking frequency and incomplete milking have differential effects on milk yield and mammary gland physiology that are important for optimization of milking practices in dairy herds. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of increased milking frequency and incomplete milking on milk production rate (MPR) and milk composition and to determine if milking 3 times daily (3×) could rescue the negative production effects of incomplete milking. Twenty-two multiparous cows were enrolled onto this experiment beginning at 5 days in milk (DIM) and continuing through 47 DIM. A split-plot design was used to randomize the 2 treatments, which were milking frequency and incomplete milking. Eleven cows were randomly assigned to be milked 2 times (2×) daily and 11 cows were randomly assigned to be milked 3×. Within each cow, a contralateral half-udder was randomly assigned to be incompletely milked (30% milk remaining in the gland; IM), and the other half-udder was randomly assigned to be milked completely (CM). Quarter-level milk yields were recorded at each milking session. Milk samples from all quarters were collected twice weekly at the beginning of the morning milking for analysis. Cows milked 2× tended to have reduced MPR compared with 3× milked cows (1.81 ± 0.06 vs. 1.97 ± 0.06 kg milk/h; P = 0.06). Half-udders that were CM and IM produced 1.09 ± 0.03 and 0.80 ± 0.03 kg milk/h, respectively. There was an interaction between incomplete milking treatment and week of lactation (P = 0.04). No interaction was detected between milking frequency and incomplete milking for MPR or milk components. Cows milked 3× had increased milk fat percent (1.93 ± 0.09% vs. 1.65 ± 0.09%, P = 0.047), decreased milk lactose percent (4.80 ± 0.04% vs. 4.93 ± 0.04%, P = 0.04), and exhibited no differences in milk protein percent or milk somatic cell count (SCC) compared with cows milked 2×. Half-udders that were IM had increased milk fat percent (2.15 ± 0.07% vs. 1.43 ± 0.07%, P &lt; 0.0001), decreased lactose percent (4.75 ± 0.03% vs. 4.99 ± 0.03%, P &lt; 0.0001), increased milk log10SCC (4.22 ± 0.05 vs. 4.41 ± 0.05, P = 0.0004), and no differences in milk protein percent compared with CM half-udders. These results indicate that a 3× milking frequency in IM half-udders was not able to improve milk production compared with IM half-udders milked 2×. Our results indicate that 30% milk remaining in the gland had an irreversible impact on milk yield as increased milking frequency was not able to reverse the milk yield lost.

scholarly journals Effects of pattern of concentrate feeding on milk production of dairy cows offered silage ad libitum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Y.S. Rijpkema ◽  
L. van Reeuwijk ◽  
P.W. Goedhart
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Milk Protein Content

In three 24-wk experiments beginning at wk 4 post partum, a system of concentrate feeding at a flat level was compared with feeding concentrates to milk yield (experiments 1 and 2), or with a high-low 2-step system in which the rate was reduced after wk 12 (experiment 3). Roughage was offered ad lib. In experiment 1 two types of concentrates were involved whereas in experiment 3 two levels of concentrates were applied. The systems were evaluated using high levels of concentrates and with Friesian and Holstein-Friesian cows producing about 7000 kg milk/lactation. Experiments 1 and 3 involved 64 and experiment 2 32 cows. In the comparison between feeding strategies, differences in yield and composition of milk were of minor importance except for milk protein content on the moderate-quality grass silage diet (experiment 1). Milk production tended to be higher for concentrates including fish meal, in contrast to soyabean meal, particularly in the first half of the experimental period. However, milk fat content was significantly lower, resulting in similar productions of 4%-FCM. Extra concentrates in experiment 3 had significant positive effects on the production of milk, fat and protein, and also on milk protein content and liveweight gain. Feeding strategy however, was without any significant effect. It was concluded that with the high-yielding cows, offered roughages to appetite, there is no need to feed concentrates strictly to their estimated individual energy requirements. This may be of increasing importance when forage allowances/cow increase as a consequence of smaller numbers of cows/farm. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and health lipid indices in the raw milk of ewes grazing part-time and hemp seed supplementation of lactating ewes

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
D Mierlita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Fat Yield

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the feeding system (indoor  or part-time grazing) of ewes and dietary supplementation with hemp seed (non-drug varieties of Cannabis sativa L.) on milk production and the composition of milk fatty  acids (FAs). The experimental diets were constituted as a 2 x 2 factorial  arrangement of feeding system (I: indoors and receiving 1400 g dry matter (DM)  grass hay/d or pasture grazing (PG)–4 h/day + 700 g DM grass hay/d), and with or without hemp seed (Hs) supplementation (-Hs = no hemp seed vs. +Hs = 175 g/d hemp seed). All animals received 700 g DM/day of a concentrate for lactation.  Feeding the PG diets increased raw milk production and yields of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding +Hs increased fat-corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield significantly while the combination of +Hs and PG increased fat-corrected milk and fat yield significantly. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the I diets increased the proportion of short-chain FAs (C4:0 - C10:0), at the expense of medium-chain FAs (12 to 17 C units). Feeding +Hs decreased the proportion of short-chain FAs, medium-chain FAs and hypercholesterolaemic FA (sum of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0) and increased the trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11, VA), α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA),  eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in milk fat significantly. The combination of hemp seed and part-time grazing produced the highest proportion of c9,t11 CLA, t10,c12 CLA and n-3 FA (sum of ALA, EPA, DHA) in milk fat. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios in the milk from ewes grazing part time were significantly higher, whereas the atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI) and linoleic acid (LA)/ALA ratio were significantly lower compared with the milk of indoor-fed ewes. Supplementing with +Hs has a similar effect of increasing the PUFA/SFA ratio and lowering of the AI, TI and LA/ALA ratio. It was concluded that pasture grazing combined with hemp seed had a synergistic effect on milk production and fat yield without altering the milk protein content in ewes. This combination has favourable effects on milk FA profile from the human consumer’s point of view by increasing the nutritional quality of milk.Keywords: α-linolenic acid, atherogenicitiy index, Cannabis sativa, c9,t11 CLA, n-6/n-3 FA

Milk production by dairy cows fed hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to pasture

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows in early lactation were fed 3.5 or 7.0 kg DM daily of either hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to a pasture-based diet. Milk production and composition and the amount and composition of whole oaten grain excreted in the faeces were measured. There were no significant differences between treatments in the yields of milk, fat or protein. There was a tendency towards lower milk fat content in milk from cows fed 7.0 kg DM daily of the hammermilled grains. Differences between grain types were not significant for all production parameters except milk protein content. Protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in milk from cows fed hammermilled and whole oaten grain compared with that from cows fed lupin grain. Yield of milk fat was significantly (P<0.05) higher and ratio of milk protein to fat significantly (P < 0.05) lower for cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain than for those fed 7.0 kg DM of grain. There was a significant (P< 0.05) interaction between grain type and grain level for the ratio of protein to fat in the milk. Cows excreted 24% of the whole oaten grain at both levels of grain fed and there were no significant differences in composition of the whole oaten grain fed or excreted in the faeces. There was no benefit to production either from feeding hammermilled lupin grain compared with hammermilled or whole oaten grain or from feeding 7.0 compared with 3.5 kg DM daily of grain to cows grazing pasture.

scholarly journals USE OF PROTECTED METHIONINE (MEPRON M 85) IN CATTLE

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sipőcz ◽  
J. Schmidt ◽  
J. Sipőcz ◽  
Éva Cenkvári
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Methionine Level ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The ruminal stability of Mepron M 85 and the effect of supplementation with Mepron M 85 on free methionine level of blood were studied in rumen-fistulated cows and rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls. In five rumen-fistulated cowsin situ69.5% and 64.6% of the methionine content of Mepron M 85 was found after ruminal incubation of 16 h and 24 h, respectively. Daily rations of the rumen-fistulated cows were supplemented with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85, which increased the free methionine level of blood from 13.64 (mol/L to 15.35 and 20.46 (mol/L, respectively, three hours after feeding. In the four rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls, supplementation with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85 increased the total methionine getting into the duodenum during 24 h from 14.99 g to 16.84 and 20.84 g, respectively. The influence of Mepron M 85 on milk production was studied in 35 pairs of Hungarian Fleckvieh × Holstein-Friesian cows. The animals were coupled on the basis of the number of finished lactations, milk production in the previous lactation, and the date of calving. Daily supplementation of 18.0 g Mepron M 85 increased daily milk production significantly (p < 0.05), by 1.24 litres. Milk fat content also increased significantly (from 3.10% to 3.19%, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. The supplementation did not influence milk protein content.

Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMON CASALS ◽  
GERARDO CAJA ◽  
XAVIER SUCH ◽  
CELINA TORRE ◽  
SERGIO CALSAMIGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Forty-eight Manchega dairy ewes were used during a complete lactation in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of supplementing diets with fat (calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids, CSFA) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk production and composition. Factors tested were amounts of CSFA (0 or 200 g/kg) and RUP (300 or 450 g/kg crude protein) in the concentrate. RUP was altered by adding a mixture of maize gluten meal and blood meal. Lactation was divided into one nursing period (period 1, weeks 1–4), and three milking periods (periods 2–4, weeks 5–8, 9–14 and 15–21). Concentrates were given at 0–8 kg/d during periods 1 and 2, and at 0–6 kg/d in periods 3 and 4. Ewes grazed rotationally in an Italian rye-grass pasture and received a daily supplement of 0·8 kg vetch–oat hay during period 1, and 0·3 kg lucerne hay during periods 2–4. For the whole lactation, supplemental fat markedly increased milk fat content (+23%) and yield (+16%), and decreased milk protein content (−9%). The positive effect of feeding CSFA on milk fat content was more evident at the beginning of lactation; however, its negative effect on milk protein was more pronounced in late lactation. Supplementary RUP had little effect, increasing milk protein content only in period 3, when the crude protein content of pasture was lower. Milk yield and lamb growth were not affected by dietary treatments. The results indicated that CSFA can be useful for increasing the milk fat content of dairy ewes at pasture, which may help farmers to produce milk reaching the minimum requirements of fat content for the cheese industry.

scholarly journals Effect of rumen-protected methionine on production and composition of early lactating Shami goats milk and growth performance of their kids

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmmad A. Al-Qaisi ◽  
Hosam H. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Final Body Weight

Abstract. This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the University of Jordan in the Jordan valley to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine to early lactating Shami goats on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile, and growth performance of their kids. Twenty-four fresh lactating Shami goats were randomly assigned into three dietary treatment groups (eight each) in a completely randomized design. Diets were a control with no supplements or supplemented with either 2.5, or 5.0 g/head/d rumenprotected methionine. The experiment started exactly after kidding and lasted for 60 days thereafter. Production variables studied were milk production, milk composition, body weights, feed intake, kids weaning weight, and milk fatty acids. Daily milk production and energy corrected milk were not affected by protected me thionine supplementation. Milk Percentages of fat, protein, total solids, and casein were also not affected by protected methionine supplementation. Likewise, fat and protein yields were not different among dietary treatments of protected methionine. No differences in milk fatty acids composition were observed by supplementing rumen protected methionine in the experiment. Feed intake, feed to milk ratio, and final body weight of dams were not changed among treatments. No differences were observed in weaning weights, average daily gain, and milk to gain ratio of kids born to dams in the experiment regardless to sex of kids. In conclusion, results indicated that supplementing rumen protected methionine to dairy goats diet did not improve their milking performance, the composition of their milk, or growth performance of their kids.

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