Water quality and management in the Australian pig industry

Context Water is the first nutrient and an essential component of all agricultural production systems. Despite its importance there has been limited research on water, and in particular, the impact of its availability, management and quality on production systems. Aims This research sought to describe the management and quality of water used within the Australian pig industry. Specifically, the water sources utilised, how water was managed and to evaluate water quality at both the source and the point of delivery to the pig. Methods Fifty-seven commercial piggeries across Australia participated in this study by completing a written survey on water management. In addition, survey participants undertook physical farm parameter measurements including collecting water samples. Each water sample was tested for standard quality parameters including pH, hardness, heavy metals and microbiological status. Key results Responses were received from 57 farms, estimated to represent at least 22% of ‘large’ pig herds. Bore water was the most common water source being utilised within the farms surveyed. Management practices and infrastructure delivering water from the source to the point of consumption were found to differ across the farms surveyed. Furthermore, water was regularly used as a delivery mechanism for soluble additives such as antibiotics. The quality of water at the source and point of consumption was found to be highly variable with many parameters, particularly pH, hardness, salinity, iron, manganese and microbiological levels, exceeding the acceptable standard. Conclusions In general, water quality did not appear to be routinely monitored or managed. As a result, farm managers had poor visibility of the potential negative impacts that inferior water quality or management may be having on pig production and in turn the economics of their business. Indeed, inferior water quality may impact the delivery of antibiotics and in turn undermine the industry’s antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Implications The study findings suggest that water quality represents a significant challenge to the Australian pig industry. Access to drinking water of an acceptable quality is essential for optimal pig performance, health and welfare but also to ensure farm to fork supply chain integrity, traceability and food safety.

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Investigating the Impact of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources of Pollution on Quality of Water in Upper Indus Basin (UIB) by Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/4307251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mansoor A. Baluch ◽

Hashim Nisar Hashmi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Anthropogenic Source ◽

Indus River ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

The Impact

Water quality of the Indus River around the upper basin and the main river was evaluated with the help of statistical analysis. In order to analyze the similarities and dissimilarities for identifying the spatial variations in water quality of the Indus River and sources of contamination, multivariate statistical analysis, i.e., principle component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and descriptive analysis, was done. Data of 8 physicochemical quality parameters from 64 sampling stations belonging to 6 regions (labeled as M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6) were used for analysis. The parameters used for assessing the water quality were pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen reducing potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity (%), and concentration of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), respectively. PCA assisted in extracting and recognizing the responsible variation factors of water quality over the region, and the results showed three underlying factors including anthropogenic source pollution along with runoff due to rain and soil erosion were responsible for explaining the 93.87% of total variance. The parameters which were significantly influenced by anthropogenic impact are DO, EC, TDS (negative), and concentration of Pb (positive), while the concentration of As, % salinity, and ORP are affected by erosion and runoff due to rain. The worst pollution situation for regions M1 and M6 was due to the concentration of As which was approximately 400 μg/l (i.e., 40 times higher than minimum WHO recommendation). Furthermore, the results also indicated that, in the Indus River, three monitoring stations and five quality parameters are sufficient to have a reasonable confidence about the quality of water in this most important reserve of Pakistan.

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Monitoring the impact of farm practices on water quality in the Otago and Southland deer focus farms

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2006.68.2649 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 183-188

Author(s):

R.W. Mcdowell ◽

N. Mcgrouther ◽

G. Morgan ◽

M.S. Srinivasan ◽

D.R. Stevens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Management Practices ◽

Pond Water ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Environmental Objectives ◽

Covered Area ◽

The Impact ◽

Further Development ◽

Soil And Water

Research on the soil and water quality of deer farms is minimal. However, the perception is that many deer operations may be detrimental to soil and water quality. To address this problem two deer focus farms (DFF, 1 each in Otago and Southland) were established to showcase how productivity and environmental objectives can coincide. Managements implemented by the farmers included a sedimentation pond, fencing off waterways and retiring land under a QEII covenant. A detailed soil and water quality testing regime occurred for each farm: data were collected at the Southland DFF for three tributaries (one fenced off, one partially fenced and one unfenced) which fed into a stream and through a tussock covered area retired from grazing. Water quality in the unfenced and partially fenced tributaries was poor with no water quality parameters meeting ANZECC guidelines, whereas water quality in the fenced-off and planted tributary was better. Water exiting the retired area met ANZECC guidelines. Although water quality on parts of both deer farms did not meet ANZECC guidelines, when management practices such as fencing off and the creation of a pond were used water quality improved. More importantly, an area retired from grazing and further development on the Southland DFF showed that water quality could be significantly improved and could be better than that entering the farm. Keywords: fencing-off, QEII covenant, sedimentation pond, water quality

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LAND USE IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY OF LIWAGU RIVER, SABAH

Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management ◽

10.35631/jthem.519009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (19) ◽

pp. 118-133

Author(s):

Mohmadisa Hashim ◽

Erna Zuryena Ramli ◽

Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati ◽

Nasir Nayan ◽

Zahid Mat Said ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Local Population ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Water Source ◽

River Pollution ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

The Impact

This article aimed to identify the water quality of the Liwagu River, Sabah, due to the impact of land use activities in the sub-basin area. The Liwagu river provides the main water source for the local population for domestic purposes. Observations on the water quality of the Liwagu river and identification of the types of land use activities along the river were investigated. Assessment of the Liwagu river water quality engaging six parameters, namely biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkaline index (pH), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) and suspended solids (SS) in five stations that were selected. All of the parameters were analyzed against the Water Quality Index (WQI) standards by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Water quality sampling was carried out three times, which were in February, March, and April 2019. The results showed that the average value of WQI in February 2019 was at a good level (Class I), and in March and April, 2019 was at a clean level (Class II). The COD parameter showed values that exceeded the standards set by DOE Malaysia. The decline in water quality parameters was also contributed by tourism, agriculture, settlements, and loging upstream and along the river. In conclusion, the impact of land use activities on the quality of the Liwagu river was still under control and planned in terms of its development. However, monitoring for river pollution should be conducted regularly by various parties as an early step in preventing the degradation of the Liwagu river's water quality since the water source is also used by the nearby villagers as a source for water supply.

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Tap Water Quality: Seasonal User Surveys in Poland

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3841

Author(s):

Józef Ober ◽

Janusz Karwot

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

World Literature ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Tap Water ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Profit Analysis ◽

Tap Water Quality

Security of supply of water, which meets the quality parameters specified in applicable standards, is now the basis for the functioning of most societies. In addition to climatic, biological, chemical, and physical hazards, it is worth paying attention to consumers’ subjective perception of the quality of tap water supplied in the area of Poland. The article discusses various activities related to water resources management and analyses the results of an evaluation of selected quality parameters of tap water in Poland. A novelty on a European scale here is an examination of the evaluation of these parameters based on potential seasonal differences (spring, summer, autumn, winter). For the first time in the world literature, PROFIT analysis was used to evaluate selected parameters of tap water quality. The aim of the article was to present a model for the evaluation of the parameters of tap water supplied in different seasons of the year in Poland. Due to the complexity of the research aspects, a mixed-methods research procedure was used in which a literature review was combined with a survey and statistical analysis. For the purpose of the survey, an original survey questionnaire called “Survey of customer opinions on selected parameters of tap water supplied in Poland” was developed especially for this study. The conducted research confirmed the adopted hypothesis that the results of evaluation of selected tap water parameters vary depending on the period (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in Poland. The model developed by means of PROFIT analysis makes it possible to highlight to water suppliers the specific quality parameters in particular seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter), which may improve the quality of water supplied in Poland and thus, in the long-term perspective, increase the level of satisfaction of water recipients and confidence in drinking tap water in Poland.

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Impact of Lockdown on Health of the Yamuna river at Delhi Stretch, India

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v27i1pp03-09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

MANOJ KUMAR SHUKLA

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Domestic Sewage ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Yamuna River ◽

Industrial Pollutants ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Present study points out the impact of Lockdown on the health of the Yamuna river at Delhi stretch by comparing prelockdown and Post-lockdown period by studying the reports of pollution monitoring agencies. Delhi segment of the Yamuna is highly polluted, where alongwith domestic sewage a huge quantity of industrial waste is being discharged continuously without proper treatment. Pre lockdown (March 2020) water quality parameters at three sampling stations named as Palla, Nizammuddin Bridge and Okhla barrage U/s in Delhi were, pH were 8.7, 7.3 and 7.2, DO were 17.1 mg/L, not detected in later two sites, BOD were 7.9 mg/L, 57 mg/L and 27 mg/L and COD were 28 mg/L, 90 mg/L and 95 mg/L respectively and postlockdown period (April 2020) the pH was 7.8, 7.2 and 7.1, DO was 8.3 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L BOD was 2 mg/L, 5.6 mg/ L and 6.1 mg/L and COD were 6 mg/L, 16 mg/L and 18 mg/L respectively. The study of these parameters at three sampling stations reveals that the lack of industrial pollutants discharging due to nationwide lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic had positive effect on water quality of this river. Water quality could be maintained by planned establishment of industries and setup of ETP with without gap between generation and treatment.

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Assessment of the Impact of Sewage Storage Ponds on the Water Environment in Surrounding Area

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020051020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Kairat Ospanov ◽

Timur Rakhimov ◽

Menlibai Myrzakhmetov ◽

Dariusz Andraka

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Environment ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Groundwater Aquifer ◽

Sewage Ponds ◽

Basic Quality ◽

The Impact

The paper presents the results of research on the environmental impact of sewage ponds serving the city of Kostanay (Kazakhstan). The scope of the research included the determination of basic quality parameters of raw and treated wastewater, an analysis of the chemical composition of groundwater in the vicinity of sewage ponds, and the analysis of the water quality of the Tobol River. The obtained results indicate that sewage from storage ponds, infiltrating into the ground, caused groundwater pollution in the area of about 100 km2 around the reservoirs. Due to the fact that the groundwater aquifer in the vicinity of sewage ponds feeds the Tobol River, it also affects water quality in the river, which does not meet the requirements for most of the analyzed parameters.

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Effects of Opened and Closed Spillway Operations of a Large Tropical Hydroelectric Dam on the Water Quality of the Downstream River

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/6567107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fiona-Annilow Wera ◽

Teck-Yee Ling ◽

Lee Nyanti ◽

Siong-Fong Sim ◽

Jongkar Grinang

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Regulated River ◽

Land Uses ◽

Hydroelectric Dam ◽

Water Ph ◽

The Impact

Water quality downstream of a hydroelectric dam is potentially affected by dam operations and other land uses in the river basin. Previous short-distance studies below the large Bakun Dam indicated poorer water quality during closed spillway. However, the extent of the impact is still unknown. Such knowledge is essential for mitigating the impact of the dam. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the water quality up to a distance of 210 km under two spillway operations, namely, closed and opened spillways, and also to determine the changes in water quality from the predam condition. Physicochemical parameters were measured at 15 stations along the Rajang River. Results of this preliminary study indicated that there were significant differences in eight out of nine water quality parameters between opened and closed spillway operations with opened spillway showing better water quality. During closed spillway, as we approached the dam, there was an increasing acidity and a decreasing oxygen content. Furthermore, as the water flows downstream, the unhealthy DO level (<5 mg/L) extended up to 165 km and the linear model showed an increasing DO rate of 0.09 mg/L per km. With opened spillway, DO decreased exponentially from 9.74 mg/L towards the downstream direction to 7.67 mg/L. The increasing turbidity and TSS in the downstream direction indicate contributions from erosion due to other land uses. The river is polluted with organics as indicated by COD of Class IV or V with sources from the dam and the activities in the river basin. Compared to the predam condition, the regulated river is less turbid but warmer and higher in ammonia. Closed spillway led to lower DO and acidic water. However, opened spillway water pH and DO were similar to those in the predam condition. Thus, it is recommended that DO be consistently high enough for the health of sensitive aquatic organisms downstream.

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Impact of Further Impoundments on the Oxygen Balance and Water Quality of the Danube in Germany

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0012 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Müller ◽

V. Kirchesch

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Oxygen Balance ◽

Quality Model ◽

Model Calculations ◽

River Bed ◽

The Impact ◽

The Mathematical Model

The construction of two or three impounding dams in the remaining freely flowing reach (73 km) of the Danube is under discussion. The purpose of these impoundments is to guarantee a minimum navigable depth of 3 m needed for modern cargo ships and to produce electric power. The impact of these developments is discussed on the basis of experience with similar impoundments further upstream and of the results from water quality model calculations. The mathematical model used is of the deterministic type, calculating the growth of slowly-growing organisms (nitrifying bacteria, algae and zooplanktons) according to MONOD and MICHAELIS-MENTEN. Compared with impoundments on other German rivers or the Iron Gate impoundments on the Danube, the effect of the impoundments under discussion on water quality parameters is likely to be fairly small, reflecting the slight changes in morphology which would be necessary for attaining the water depth required. Therefore, the more important effects of these developments would be the changes in the ecologic situation at the river bed and near the banks of the river.

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Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate

Water ◽

10.3390/w12092643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2643

Author(s):

Piotr Klimaszyk ◽

Ryszard Gołdyn

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Special Issue ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Local Water ◽

Water Ecosystems ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

Water is the substance that made life on Earth possible. It plays a key role in both the individual and population development of all species. Water is also a critical resource for humans as populations continue to grow and climate change affects global and local water cycles. Water is a factor limiting economic development in many regions of the world. Under these conditions, good water quality becomes an extremely important factor that determines its economic utility, including water supply, recreation, and agriculture. Proper water quality maintenance of freshwater ecosystems is also very important for preserving biodiversity. The quality of water depends on many factors, the most important of which are related to human impact on water ecosystems, especially the impact of various pollutants from municipal economy, industry and agriculture. Hydrotechnical changes, such as river damming, drainage processes and water transport between catchments also have a significant impact. Water quality is also dependent on the impact of natural conditions connected, e.g., with climate, catchment, water organisms and their interactions within the food-webs, etc. This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific papers concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relations between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. The majority of the research presented in this Special Issue was carried out in Central Europe, and one of the papers concerns the area of West Africa—the edge of temperate climate zone.

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The role of the mahogany tree (Swietenia macrophylla King) on quantity and quality of water that fall below the canopy

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 918 (1) ◽

pp. 012036

Author(s):

M F Fadhilah ◽

Y Hidayat ◽

A Hadiyane

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Hardness Measurement ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

The Impact ◽

Water Quality Measurement ◽

Rainwater Quality

Abstract Mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla) are often planted in urban forests area. This shady-crowned tree has a role in controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater that falls to the ground. Mahogany trees also affect the quality of rainwater through interception, fall, and stemflow. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the interception process, such as throughfall and stemflow, on changes in rainwater quality of the mahogany tree. The Data that needed to be measured were tree dimension, rainfall interception, and rainwater quality. Interception measurement was performed by calculating the number of throughfall and stemflow in one month-measurement. While the measurement of rainwater quality was measured once in the laboratory. These water quality measurements include Electrical Conductivity (EC), hardness, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, Na and K, and pH concentrations. The results based on the total area of the crown showed that mahogany had an interception value of 18.088%. In the throughfall measurement, the mahogany has a throughfall of 81.799%, while the amount of the stemflow is only 0.113%. The correlation of interception values, throughfall, and stemflow with rainfall are in general positively correlated. That means the higher rainfall water will increase the number of interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The results on water quality measurement explain that Ec value in rainwater interception was increased compared to water produced from rainfall in mahogany trees. It also has the same condition in hardness measurement. In pH measurements, the interception of rainwater has less pH when compared to direct rainfall water. In addition, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, K, and Na in Stemflow and Throughfall water have more numbers than rainfall itself.

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