The yield performance of lupin genotypes under terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
R. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

With a view to identifying and understanding the genotypic differences in yield under terminal drought, a range of lupin genotypes representing narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) was studied in field experiments in the low rainfall Mediterranean environment of Western Australia over 3 seasons. In each year Merrit, the most common commercial cultivar in Western Australia, was used as the reference to which the yield of other genotypes was compared. In the first and third year, 5 or 6 genotypes were grown with and without irrigation from the start of pod set. In the second year, 9 genotypes were grown with irrigation and under a rainout shelter from the start of pod set. Detailed measurements were made of plant water status, leaf area and biomass production, flowering and podding date, and seed yield and its components.The timing and intensity of the terminal drought varied from average in 1998 and 1999 to extreme in 2000. Post-podding leaf water potential (Ψleaf) under rainfed conditions decreased to –2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and below –2.5 MPa in 2000, whereas under supplementary irrigation it was maintained at –1.2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and at –1.5 MPa in 2002.The seed yield of all genotypes under terminal drought varied from 24 to 66% of that with supplementary irrigation. In each year, the seed yield under rainfed conditions showed genotypic differences consistent with the timing and intensity of the development of terminal drought. Under conditions of terminal drought the seed yields of the narrow-leafed lupin cultivars Belara and Tallerack, and of the breeding line WALAN 2049, were higher than of Merrit by 29% in 1998. Tanjil, Belara, and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 33–53% in 1999 and Belara and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 80% in 2000. Harvest index was higher in Belara and Quilinock than in Merrit. Under both terminal drought conditions and supplemental irrigation, Belara and Quilinock had high seed yields that were associated with a greater number of seeds per pod and larger seed size. It is argued that early flowering and podding in Belara and Quilinock allowed more seeds to develop and fill before the terminal drought became more severe.

Undersowing wheat with annual legumes: Effects on wheat yields and legume seed yields in the south-eastern wheat belt of Western Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Poole ◽  
JW Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The South ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Seed Yields

Ten annual Trifolium and Medicago cultivars were sown at low (1-6 lb an acre) and high (3-18 lb an acre) seeding rates with wheat crops in five trials in the south-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Wheat and legume seed yields from these mixed stands were compared with stands of the same rates of wheat and legume sown alone. Sowing the legumes with the crop reduced wheat yields by from 7.4 bushels an acre (25 per cent) in one trial to 1.5 bushels an acre (5 per cent) in another. The evidence did not suggest which factors caused the different response. Legume seed production under the crop was severely reduced in all trials. In 30 of the 44 comparisons made it was reduced by more than 50 per cent, and in 13 cases by more than 75 per cent. In 9 cases the amount of seed set under the crop was less than 30 lb an acre. In most cases trebling the amount of legume seed sown under the crop greatly increased legume seed yield but caused only a small (less than one bushel per acre) further decrease in wheat yield.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

Lodging studies in Lolium perenne grown for seed: 1. Seed yield and seed yield components

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽  
A. Burbidge ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SummaryThe effects of lodging on the seed yield of S. 23 and S. 24 perennial ryegrass were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1973 to 1976. Natural lodging severely reduced seed yield in all years as a result of a decrease in the number of seeds per unit area. Controlled lodging at different stages of crop growth produced more variable results, indicating that lodging may affect both pollination and seed development. Disturbance of the crop during anthesis in order to aid pollination did not improve seed yields, possibly as a result of damage incurred.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Do Weeds From Seeds or Regrowth in Coexistence Periods Alter Biochemical and Yield Characteristics of Soybeans?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rockenbach ◽  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽  
Adriana Favaretto ◽  
Theodoro Schneider ◽  
Andréa Michel Sobottka
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Seed Yields

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soybean secondary metabolism and soybean yield components when subjected to coexistence periods with volunteer corn and established horseweed (Conyza spp.) regrowth. Two field experiments were conducted in the agricultural years 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiment I was conducted in the agricultural year 2015/2016 in order to establish periods of coexistence between soybean and corn. The treatments consisted of two soybean densities in the main plots (175,000 and 350,000 plants ha-1) and different periods of coexistence between soybean and corn in the subplots. Experiment II was conducted in the agricultural year of 2016/2017 in order to investigate the interference of regrowth horseweed during coexistence periods with soybean. The total phenols, flavonoids, saponins, soybean yield components and seed yields were evaluated. Volunteer corn that initiates growth after the V4 soybean stage and horseweed regrowth during cultivation do not adversely affect secondary metabolism, seed yield or soybean yield components.

scholarly journals Response of red gram cultivars to transplanting and planting geometry under rainfed conditions of Northern dry zone of Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok S. Sajjan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Technology College

The field experiments were conducted in the Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur during kharif 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of three planting geometry (22,222, 27,798 and 37,037 plants per ha) and transplanting of different aged seedlings (A1- 21 day old seedlings, A2- 28 day old seedlings, A3- 35 day old seedlings and A4- Direct seed dibbling). Seedlings of BSMR-736( V1) and TS-3R (V2 ) were raised by using a polythene bag of 6 X 4 cm size in nursery. The results of the investigations indicated that the transplanting of 35 days old seedling with planting geometry of 27,798 plants per ha in BSMR -736 (2501 kg /ha) which was on par with transplanting of 28 days old seedlings and lowest value was seen in seed dibbling at planting geometry of 37,037 in TS-3R(1862 kg /ha). The 34 per cent increased seed yield mainly attributed to seedlings transplanted in planting geometry of 27,798 plants per ha.

scholarly journals Carbon Partitioning in Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry as Influenced by Groundcover and Supplementary Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779D-779
Author(s):  
David C. Percival ◽  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

Field experiments consisting of trickle irrigation (TI), IRT-76 plastic film (PF), and straw mulch were initiated to determine the influence of soil temperature and water status on carbon partitioning during the establishment of Rubus idaeus L. `Heritage' (1993, 1994), `Autumn Bliss' (1994), and `Summit' (1994) micropropagated raspberries. Environmental, vegetative, reproductive, and nutrition data were collected. Photosynthesis (Pn) measurements were recorded under field conditions using a Li-Cor LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system. Neither node number nor shoot: root ratio was influenced by TI, PF, or straw mulch. PF, however, increased root and shoot weight, total flowers produced, total berries harvested, and foliar N and P. Although differences existed among cultivars, field Pn measurements indicated that, regardless of groundcover treatment or cultivar examined, the maximum Pn rate occurred at a root-zone temperature of 25C. Hence, results from this study indicate that conditions in both the air and root zone physical environment regulate carbon assimilation and partitioning.

Fall and Spring Applications of Trifluralin and Metribuzin in Fababeans (Vicia faba)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Betts ◽  
I. N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of fall and spring pre-plant incorporated applications of trifluralin (α,α,α-tri-fluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one] alone and in combinations on crop tolerance, seed yield, and weed control in fababeans (Vicia fabaL. ‘Diana’). Trifluralin applied either in the fall or the spring resulted in acceptable control of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) while metribuzin resulted in excellent control of wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L.C. Wheeler]. In 2 out of 3 yr, a tank-mixture of trifluralin plus metribuzin applied in the fall at 1.4 and 0.4 kg/ha, respectively, resulted in significantly larger seed yield than the same combination applied at 1.1 and 0.3 kg/ha in the spring. Although the fall treatments generally resulted in higher seed yields, there was no consistent difference in weed densities between fall and spring applications. In both field and growth room studies, trifluralin reduced the injury to fababeans from metribuzin. A postemergence application of metribuzin in the spring at 0.3 kg/ha following a fall-application of trifluralin resulted in good wild mustard control but caused considerable crop damage. Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2dioxide] controlled wild mustard effectively with no injury to the crop.

Adaptation and seed yield of cool season grain legumes in Mediterranean environments of south-western Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
K. L. Regan ◽  
R. L. Jettner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Seed Yields

A range of cool season grain legume species have shown considerable potential for soils unsuitable for the production of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) at limited sites in the Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia. In this study the adaptation of these grain legume species was compared by measuring crop phenology, growth, and yield in field experiments at a total of 36 sites over 3 seasons, with the aim of identifying species with suitable adaptation and seed yield for specific environments. The grain legumes examined appeared to fall into 3 categories: (i) field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) clearly had superior seed yield to the other species over a wide number of sites and years across south-western Australia (mean 1.0–2.3 t/ha); (ii) albus lupin (Lupinus albus L.), desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and Lathyrus cicera, L. sativus, and L. ochrus produced seed yields of 1–1.3 t/ha; and (iii) red lentil (Lens culinaris L.), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) generally produced the lowest yields (0.6–1.0 t/ha). There were clear species × environment interactions. At low-yielding sites (<1.4 t/ha), field pea was the highest yielding species, while faba bean often produced the highest seed yields under more favourable conditions at high yielding sites. Lentil, bitter vetch, Lathyrus spp., and desi chickpea showed average response to increasing mean site yield. Soil pH and clay content and rainfall were the environmental factors identified as the most important in determining seed yields. Soil pH and clay content appeared to be especially important in the adaptation of lentil, narbon bean, bitter vetch, and kabuli chickpea, with these species performing best in soils with pH >6.0 and clay contents >15%. Seed yields were positively correlated with dry matter production at maturity across a number of sites (r2 = 0.40, P < 0.01). Future improvements in seed yield of these species are likely to come from management practices that increase dry matter production such as increased plant density and early sowing, and through the development of genotypes with greater tolerance to low winter temperatures, and more rapid phenology, canopy development, and dry matter production than existing commercial cultivars.

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