Movement of salts in isolated soil columns.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES West ◽  
A Howard
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Arid Soil ◽  
Semi Arid

Movement of salt in a semi-arid soil (Hanwood sandy loam) was studied in isolated columns of soil one metre in diameter and four metres deep. Where a water-table was maintained approximately 60 cm. from the surface by the addition of rain-water to the surface, salt was washed out of the surface layers and did not return. Where a water-table was maintained one metre from the surface by the addition of water from below there was a small increase in the salt concentration of the surface 10 cm. of soil. In view of these results it is suggested that some circulation of water involving lateral movement is generally associated with salt accumulation that is commonly found under field conditions.

Simultaneous use of newly adopted simple sensors for continuous measurements of soil moisture and salinity

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Konukcu ◽  
A. Istanbulluoglu ◽  
I. Kocaman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Evaporation Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semi Arid

Methods available to measure salinity and moisture content in arid and semi-arid regions are limited because of the high salinities and very wide range of water contents (i.e. from saturation near the water table to air dry in the evaporation front). This paper is focused on the instrumentation employed in monitoring salt and moisture profiles in a column study which has wide applicability in salinity research. Experiments were conducted in a specially designed evaporation chamber which provided high evaporative demand as experienced in arid and semi-arid regions. Intensively instrumented soil columns with a constant shallow saline water table were used. Moisture content was measured by thermal conductivity and salinity by 4-electrode probe. In each case, instruments were manufactured specifically for the purpose in order to provide the desired degree of spatial resolution. Two soil types, sandy loam and clay loam, were used. Results indicated that thermal-conductivity probes measured water content over a wide range from saturation to 0.16 m3/m3 for clay loam and to 0.09 m3/m3 for sandy loam soil with great sensitivity (R2 > 0.95) and were unaffected by salt accumulation. The 4-electrode probes provided reliable measurements (R2 > 0.95) of the salinity of the soil solution for the range relevant to agricultural application. However, the accuracy of the probe decreased with the decreases in the water content after permanent wilting point.

Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
M. Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis ◽  
Brian K. Richards ◽  
Murray B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Lithium Transport ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Effects of different biomass materials as a salt-isolation layer on water and salt migration in coastal saline soil

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11766
Author(s):  
Mao Yang ◽  
Runya Yang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
Junna Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Salt Accumulation

The aim of this study was to find a material suited for the prevention of evaporative water loss and salt accumulation in coastal saline soils. One-dimensional vertical water infiltration and phreatic evaporation experiments were conducted using a silty loam saline soil. A 3-cm-thick layer of corn straw, biochar, and peat was buried at the soil depth of 20 cm, and a 6-cm-thick layer of peat was also buried at the same soil depth for comparison. The presence of the biochar layer increased the upper soil water content, but its ability to inhibit salt accumulation was poor, leading to a high salt concentration in the surface soil. The 3-cm-thick straw and 6-cm-thick peat layers were most effective to inhibit salt accumulation, which reduced the upper soil salt concentration by 96% and 93%, respectively. However, the straw layer strongly inhibited phreatic evaporation and resulted in low water content in the upper soil layer. Compared with the straw layer, the peat layer increased the upper soil water content. Thus, burying a 6-cm-thick peat layer in the coastal saline soil is the optimal strategy to retain water in the upper soil layer and intercept salt in the deeper soil layer.

Aspergillus fuscicans (Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales), a new species in section Usti from Argentinean semi-arid soil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 343 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
STELLA M. ROMERO ◽  
RICARDO M. COMERIO ◽  
VIVIANA A. BARRERA ◽  
ANDREA I. ROMERO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Arid Soil ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Aspergillus Section ◽  
Β Tubulin

Aspergillus fuscicans, a new species within Aspergillus section Usti from Argentinean semi-arid soil is introduced. Molecular, morphological and physiological studies were conducted, based on sequence analysis of partial β-tubulin and calmodulin sequence data. Aspergillus fuscicans formed a distinct, well-defined clade related to A. calidoustus and A. pseudodeflectus. In addition, A. fuscicans was able to grow and sporulate at 37 ºC, and had a negative Ehrlich reaction. Morphological and physiological features could be used to differentiate the new species from its phylogenetically related taxa.

Examination of the Penetration of Enteric Viruses in Soils under Simulated Conditions in the Laboratory

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Loam Soil

In two different unsaturated soil columns percolated with artificial rainwater under simulated aerated conditions, transport of coxsackievirus B3 and adenovirus 1 below 3.5 cm under the soil surface could not be demonstrated. The viruses were applied to the columns as seeded sewage sludge. Under saturated conditions transport of water-suspended coxsackievirus B3 was faster in a soil column with sandy loam soil than in a diluvial sand column.

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