Sweating in sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Brook ◽  
BF Short
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Water loss from the sweat glands of shorn sheep was estimated as the difference between the average weight gain of desiccating capsules placed on 10 normal sheep and on 4 control sheep congenitally lacking sweat glands. At an air tempera ture of 20°C (68°F) and a water vapour pressure of 12.5 mm Hg the rate of svveating was 10.2 g/m2/hr, and at 40°C (104°F) and a water vapour pressure of 28.1 mm Hg the rate of sweating was 32.1 g/m2/hr. The maximum amount of heat a sheep could lose by sweating at the rate of 32 g/m2/hr under these conditions is c. 20 kcal/hr. It is emphasized that the rate of sweating observed in shorn sheep must not be applied unreservedly to sheep with a fleece, because the dynamics of water movement in the fleece are unknown.

Sweating in cattle. III. Mechanism of water transportation through the skin

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
Vapour Pressure Difference

Two calves (Zebu × Australian Illawara Shorthorn and Shorthorn) of about 7–8 months of age were exposed to controlled atmospheric conditions. Cutaneous evaporation from the belly area of these calves was measured by the capsule method. Records of the temperature of the skin under test and that of the air passed over the skin was also maintained.The amount of water passing through the cattle skin was proportional to the difference between the saturated water-vapour pressure at skin temperature and the water-vapour pressure in the air. Tests were made for the water-vapour pressure difference varying from 9 to 25 mm. Hg.

scholarly journals The transpiration and respiration as mechanisms of water loss in cold storage of figs

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
D. Lentzou ◽  
G. Xanthopoulos ◽  
C. Templalexis ◽  
A. Kaltsa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure Deficit

Transpiration and respiration are two mechanisms of water loss in fresh agricultural products, resulting in visual and texture degradation. Neglecting respiration as a mechanism of water loss may lead to erroneous results at saturation where water vapour pressure deficit is zero and thus water loss is expected to be zero, however, the existence of a finite water loss is noted. In this context, an analysis of the associated with transpiration and respiration water loss in figs (Ficus carica L.) was carried out at 0oC, 10oC and 20oC and 45.64%, 80.22% and 98.65% relative humidity as well as the air conditions of walk-in cold storage rooms. The estimated transpiration rate ranged between 0.11-1.416 mg cm-2 h -1 for a water vapour pressure deficit of 0.0-0.98 kPa. The water vapour pressure deficit estimation was based on the difference between cold air temperature and figs’ surface temperature. The respiration rate was calculated at 0oC, 10oC and 20oC as 0.47±0.08, 0.94±0.11 and 2.69±0.17 mLCO2100g-1 h -1 . Quantification of the water loss showed that at 20oC and saturation, the water loss due to respiration accounts for 3.9% of the respective water loss due to water vapour pressure deficit while on average, the water loss due to respiration accounts for 1.5%, 2.1% and 2.6% of the water loss due to water vapour pressure deficit at 0oC, 10oC and 20oC.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

Water vapour pressure above saturated salt solutions at low temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Morillon ◽  
F Debeaufort ◽  
J Jose ◽  
J.F Tharrault ◽  
M Capelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Salt Solutions

The Study of Evaporation from Small Surfaces by the Direct Measurement of Water Vapour Pressure Gradients

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
JOHN MACHIN
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Experimental Values

1. The construction, maintenance and calibration of a sensitive instrument capable of making numerous vapour-pressure measurements within humidity gradients by the dew-point method is described. 2. Coefficients of diffusion of water vapour in air, calculated from observed vapour-pressure gradients and measured rates of evaporation agree with theoretical and other experimental values in still air. 3. Apparent coefficients in wind speeds between 10 and 100 cm/s were significantly lower than those in still air. 4. This finding, together with the performance of the dew-point probe, is discussed in relation to its possible use in the study of evaporation from animals and plants.

Enrichment strategy of object combination on the behaviour of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Famakinwa ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
T. O. Bankole ◽  
P. O. Idahosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Weight Gain

This study was carried out to determine the effect of object combination as environmental enrichment on behaviour of growing pigs. Thirty-six (36) crossbreed (Large White X Landrace) growing pigs with average weight of 34-36Kg were allotted randomly into four treatments, replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The four treatments were; Control (without enrichment), PRope (2 pieces of polyester rope), treatment SWood (2 pieces of soft wood) and treatment PRope+SWood (1 piece of soft wood and 1 piece of polyester rope). Behavioural observations were monitored by CCTV and recordings were made for 6 hours/day and 3days/week. At the end of the experiment, data collected includes average feed intake and average weight gain while feed conversion ratio was calculated. Likewise, behavioural observations; enrichment use, general activities, pen manipulation and pen-mate manipulation were observed. Behavioural data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while performance data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Performance data were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by enrichments for all the parameters measured. PRope+SWood had the highest value for the final weight (50.63kg), average weight gain (15.95kg) and average feed intake (56.61kg) while PRope had the highest FCR 4.18). Penmate manipulation (10.48%), pen manipulation (19.02%) and general activities (14.62%) were lower and significantly better for PRope+SWood compared to PRope and SWood and the highest interaction with enrichment objects was observed in the PRope+SWood (55.88%). It can be concluded that the use of combination of enrichment objects enhanced the performance and behaviour of pigs.

scholarly journals Properties of hydrated TiO2 and SiO2 nanoclusters: dependence on size, temperature and water vapour pressure

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 21518-21532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Cuko ◽  
Antoni Macià Escatllar ◽  
Monica Calatayud ◽  
Stefan T. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Nano Silica

The stabilities and properties of globally optimised (TiO2)M(H2O)N and (SiO2)M(H2O)N clusters with M = 4–16 and a range of N/M ratios are studied with respect temperature and water vapour pressure. Our systematic study provides a comparative reference for understanding hydration of nano-silica and nano-titania.

Study of the reaction CaSO4.½H2O (β-hemihydrate) = CaSO4 (β-soluble anhydrite)+½H2O in the temperature range 20–100° C

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (268) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. C. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

SummaryA thermogravimetric vacuum microbalance has been used to study the reaction between β-soluble anhydrite and water vapour in the temperature range 20–100° C. Equilibrium water-vapour pressures for the hydration reaction in this temperature range were determined directly and have been compared with available data obtained by Kelly, Southard, and Anderson (1941) in the temperature range 80–120° C. The kinetics of the hydration and dehydration reactions have also been studied in a series of isothermal experiments with varying water-vapour pressure. These experiments indicate that in a vapour-pressure range close to the equilibrium value very low rates for both hydration and dehydration are observed. Outside this range of vapour pressures both hydration and dehydration rates increase suddenly and show an approximately linear increase with imposed water-vapour pressure.At low temperatures (25° C) the dehydration reaction has an associated activation energy of approximately 10 kcal mole−1. In the same temperature range additional, physical adsorption of water vapour by the specimen was noted.

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