Influence of water stress on parameters associated with herbage quality of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
TT Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Influence Of Water

Plants of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume grown in soil in pots under a controlled environment were subjected to water stress and the effect on forage quality was assessed. Stress was applied as a series of drying and re-wetting cycles, and harvests of total laminae, stem, root, and also specific laminae, were taken 5, 10, 17, 27 and 57 days after the commencement of stress treatment. When compared with control plants of similar chronological age, the dry matter digestibility (estimated by an in vitro technique) of the stressed plants was lower in leaves 4, 6 and 8, similar in total green laminae and in leaves 10 and 12, and higher in stem and dead laminae. The cell wall content of various tissues of the stressed plants was lower than that of the controls. Water stress delayed stem elongation and flowering. It is postulated that stress also delayed the normal ontogenetical changes of the leaves. If comparison was made on a physiological age basis then stress markedly lowered the dry matter digestibility but had little effect on the cell wall content. The broader implication of delayed ontogeny is briefly discussed. The decrease in dry matter digestibility in stressed plants was not associated with changes in the proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin, but reflected a decline in digestibility of cell wall material.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Treatment Water

The effects of water stress of varying duration and intensity (Dry treatment) on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of different plant fractions of three tropical grasses (green panic, buffel and spear grass) and a tropical legume (Siratro) grown in plots under semi-arid field conditions is reported. Other plots of these species were irrigated regularly for comparison (Wet treatment). Generally, the DMD of herbage from water-stressed grasses was either similar to or higher than that from plants of the Wet treatment. Where DMD of leaves was higher for the Dry treatment this was usually due to a slower decline in their DMD as they aged. Most comparisons of dead leaf tissue indicated a higher DMD for the Dry than the Wet treatment. The most recently expanded leaves usually did not differ in DMD between Wet and Dry treatment. Water stress slowed stem development in the grasses and, particularly in early spring when this effect was most evident, the DMD of stem was higher in the Dry than the Wet treatment. Water stress applied to buffel grass stems after they had elongated and started flowering did not affect their DMD compared with the Wet treatment. Cell wall and lignin content of herbage from the Dry treatment was similar to or lower than that from the Wet treatment. In contrast to the grasses, the stress-adapted small leaves of Siratro, which developed after some time under water stress conditions, were lower in DMD than the recently expanded Wet leaves; their lignin and cellulose contents were higher but hemicellulose markedly lower than those of Wet leaves.

Effects of shade on some factors influencing nutritive quality of green panic and Siratro pastures

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
CC Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Herbage Quality

The effect of illumination at 100, 60 and 40% sunlight over 4 months on herbage quality was studied in the legume, Siratro, and the grass, green panic, grown in small plots in the field in pure and 50 : 50 mixture swards, defoliated every 4 (D4) or 8 (D8) weeks. Laminae and stems of defined ages were harvested periodically from the D8 treatment, and after 8 and 16 weeks the D4 and D8 canopies were sampled in 10-cm strata for analysis of dry matter digestibility (DMD). Shading to 60 and 40% sunlight decreased the DMD of the green panic and the mixed swards by up to 10-12 percentage units in the D8 treatment. The shade effect on DMD was smaller in the D4 treatment. Shading increased leaf bulk density in the upper strata of the grass and mixed swards. The shade effect on sward DMD was due to a decrease in DMD of lamina and stem of green panic and, in the lower canopy, also to a decrease in leaf : stem ratio of the grass. The lower DMD of green panic was associated with lower total soluble carbohydrate and higher lignin in the shaded tissues. The concurrent decrease in cell wall content of green panic under shade (as a balance to higher crude protein) indicates that shade must have greatly reduced the digestibility of the cell wall material. The chemical composition and DMD of Siratro was largely unaffected by shade.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CELL WALL CONSTITUENT LEVELS OF TANNIN-FREE AND TANNIN-CONTAINING CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
A. T. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Similar Basis

A series of experiments has been carried out with tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars of fababeans. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the cotyledon portion of the two groups of fababeans was the same (88.2%) whereas the in vitro digestibility of the testa portion of the tannin-free cultivars was much higher (27.6%) than that of the tannin-containing cultivars (9.2%). The concentrations of certain cell wall constituents in the testae of tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars were also different (P < 0.01); the respective average values for the two groups were: condensed tannins, 0.2 and 4.9%; lignin, 4.2 and 6.2%; acid detergent fiber, 72 and 66%; and cellulose, 67 and 60%. There was a negative correlation between the in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount per unit weight of whole beans of either condensed tannin (r = −0.86, P < 0.01) or lignin (r = −0.89, P < 0.01). When expressed on a similar basis there was no correlation between levels of cellulose or acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Production of alfalfa hay under different drying methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Abbado Neres ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita ◽  
Maximilliane Alavarze Zambom ◽  
Leiliane Cristine de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants); the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively). There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.

EFFECTS OF INITIAL HARVEST DATE ON DRY MATTER YIELD, IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY AND PROTEIN IN TIMOTHY, TALL FESCUE, REED CANARYGRASS AND KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. MASON ◽  
L. LACHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Early Harvest

Timothy, tall fescue, reed canarygrass and Kentucky bluegrass plots were harvested at weekly intervals from the vegetative stage through to seed maturity for 3 yr in order to evaluate the effect of harvest and species on nutrient production. The forage of the early harvest regimes was cut after 5 wk of regrowth and all plots were harvested in the fall. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values ranged from above 80% down to 45%, with an average rate of decrease during June of 0.74, 0.84, 0.85 and 0.45% per day in timothy, tall fescue, reed canarygrass and Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. Similarly, crude protein (CP) in first-cut forage ranged from 28% to 6% and had respective decreases of 0.47, 0.40, 0.39 and 0.28%/day. Regrowth forage in the midsummer and fall harvests averaged from 63 to 59% IVDMD and from 16 to 20% CP, respectively. With the exception of reed canarygrass, delaying the initial cut resulted in continued increases in total annual dry matter (DM) yield, significant increases in total IVDMD yield until flowering, and decreases in total CP yield from stem elongation onwards. Reed canarygrass reached its optimum CP yield at early heading and had significant increases in IVDMD yield until the flowering stage. Harvesting all forages at the stem elongation stage substantially reduced the yield of DM, IVDMD and CP. Although most of the DM was obtained in the initial harvest, almost half of the total CP was obtained in the final harvest.Key words: Timothy, tall fescue, reed canarygrass, Kentucky bluegrass, growth cycle, forage quality

Studies on forage cell walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. McManus ◽  
M. L. Bigham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryFood intake prediction relationships were developed from in vitro dry-matter digestibility determinations on food and resultant faecal material for a number of diets ranging from low quality roughage to high quality irrigated pastures.The relationship between true digestibility in vitro and in vitro food dry-matter digestibility was curvilinear, although true digestibility of food dry matter in vivo was highly correlated with apparent digestibility of food dry matter in vivo. The latter relationship was linear.For 122 sheep observations on voluntary dry-matter intake incorporating 11 diet types, introduction of either of the terms, cell-wall concentration in food: cell-wall concentration in the resultant faeces (CWFo/CWFe), or its converse, into conventional faecal index relationships did not increase precision of intake prediction using faecal nitrogen as an indicator substance. However, significant intake prediction relationships using food:faeces cell-wall ratios were generated.Values for in vitro digestibility of food and resultant faeces dry matter expressed as either a ratio (R) or as a difference (delta) yielded useful prediction relationships. For ‘green’ and for ‘dry’ classifications of the feedstuff's investigated some of these new relationships were either equal to or superior to the predictive efficiency of conventional faecal index relationships.Reasons are discussed for use of maximum potential in vitro digestibility values for food and faecal dry matter in such relationships in future work rather than a conventional 48 h fermentation.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI, KUALITAS, DAN KECERNAAN IN VITRO TANAMAN RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum) PADA LAHAN SALIN

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽  
R. Djoko Sutrisno ◽  
Eko Hanudin ◽  
Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Guinea Grass

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass grown on saline soil. Yield, quality, and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass cultivated on coastal area with crop populations of 10,000,<br />20,000, and 30,000 plants per hectare. Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design (RCBD). Higher crop population increased fresh and DM biomass production, crude protein (CP) yield, dry matter<br />(DM) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, and hemicellulose content, but decreased CP content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). The increased population had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro<br />dry matter digestibility (DMD). It could be concluded that guinea grass was recommended to be planted in saline coastal area by addition of fertilizer 20 tons/ha manure, 3 tons/ha gypsum, and 50 kg N (239 kg ZA/ha) as source of<br />nitrogen.</p><p><br />(Keywords: Forage, Salinity, Saline soil, Manure, Gypsum, Nitrogen source)<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Cell wall components and in vitro dry matter digestibility of ensiled pea: Oat mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
Jordan Markovic ◽  
Snezana Andjelkovic ◽  
Vladimir Zornic ◽  
Ivica Kostic ◽  
Milomir Blagojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Wall Components

Cell wall content generally is regarded as the most important factor affecting forage utilization because it comprises the major fraction of forage dry matter and is correlated with forage intake and digestibility. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the cell wall constituents of ensiled pea - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Three effects were studied: application of bacterial inoculant, seeding rate of pea and oat in the mixtures and stages of plant development. The NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), hemicellulose, lignin and DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) were determined in silages. Pea and oat were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture rates: pure pea and pure oat crop, 25% pea + 75% oat, 50% pea + 50% oat, 75% pea + 25% oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected lower content of NDF and hemicellulose (P< 0.05). Content of cell wall constituents decreased with increasing pea content in the mixtures, but DMD increased. On the other hand, content of cell wall constituents increased with plant growth and development, but DMD decreased.

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