Correlations of Phenolic Acids and Xylose Content of Cell Wall with In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Three Maturing Grasses

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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COMPARATIVE CELL WALL CONSTITUENT LEVELS OF TANNIN-FREE AND TANNIN-CONTAINING CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas78-096 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. R. MARQUARDT ◽

J. A. McKIRDY ◽

A. T. WARD

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Unit Weight ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Similar Basis

A series of experiments has been carried out with tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars of fababeans. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the cotyledon portion of the two groups of fababeans was the same (88.2%) whereas the in vitro digestibility of the testa portion of the tannin-free cultivars was much higher (27.6%) than that of the tannin-containing cultivars (9.2%). The concentrations of certain cell wall constituents in the testae of tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars were also different (P < 0.01); the respective average values for the two groups were: condensed tannins, 0.2 and 4.9%; lignin, 4.2 and 6.2%; acid detergent fiber, 72 and 66%; and cellulose, 67 and 60%. There was a negative correlation between the in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount per unit weight of whole beans of either condensed tannin (r = −0.86, P < 0.01) or lignin (r = −0.89, P < 0.01). When expressed on a similar basis there was no correlation between levels of cellulose or acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

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Influence of water stress on parameters associated with herbage quality of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9750127 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

JR Wilson ◽

TT Ng

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Physiological Age ◽

Wall Material ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Influence Of Water

Plants of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume grown in soil in pots under a controlled environment were subjected to water stress and the effect on forage quality was assessed. Stress was applied as a series of drying and re-wetting cycles, and harvests of total laminae, stem, root, and also specific laminae, were taken 5, 10, 17, 27 and 57 days after the commencement of stress treatment. When compared with control plants of similar chronological age, the dry matter digestibility (estimated by an in vitro technique) of the stressed plants was lower in leaves 4, 6 and 8, similar in total green laminae and in leaves 10 and 12, and higher in stem and dead laminae. The cell wall content of various tissues of the stressed plants was lower than that of the controls. Water stress delayed stem elongation and flowering. It is postulated that stress also delayed the normal ontogenetical changes of the leaves. If comparison was made on a physiological age basis then stress markedly lowered the dry matter digestibility but had little effect on the cell wall content. The broader implication of delayed ontogeny is briefly discussed. The decrease in dry matter digestibility in stressed plants was not associated with changes in the proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin, but reflected a decline in digestibility of cell wall material.

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Production of alfalfa hay under different drying methods

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000800008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1676-1683 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcela Abbado Neres ◽

Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽

Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita ◽

Maximilliane Alavarze Zambom ◽

Leiliane Cristine de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Drying Process ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Number Of Leaves

This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants); the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively). There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.

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Studies on forage cell walls

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600057750 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 283-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. R. McManus ◽

M. L. Bigham

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

True Digestibility ◽

Faecal Nitrogen ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Future Work ◽

The Relationship

SummaryFood intake prediction relationships were developed from in vitro dry-matter digestibility determinations on food and resultant faecal material for a number of diets ranging from low quality roughage to high quality irrigated pastures.The relationship between true digestibility in vitro and in vitro food dry-matter digestibility was curvilinear, although true digestibility of food dry matter in vivo was highly correlated with apparent digestibility of food dry matter in vivo. The latter relationship was linear.For 122 sheep observations on voluntary dry-matter intake incorporating 11 diet types, introduction of either of the terms, cell-wall concentration in food: cell-wall concentration in the resultant faeces (CWFo/CWFe), or its converse, into conventional faecal index relationships did not increase precision of intake prediction using faecal nitrogen as an indicator substance. However, significant intake prediction relationships using food:faeces cell-wall ratios were generated.Values for in vitro digestibility of food and resultant faeces dry matter expressed as either a ratio (R) or as a difference (delta) yielded useful prediction relationships. For ‘green’ and for ‘dry’ classifications of the feedstuff's investigated some of these new relationships were either equal to or superior to the predictive efficiency of conventional faecal index relationships.Reasons are discussed for use of maximum potential in vitro digestibility values for food and faecal dry matter in such relationships in future work rather than a conventional 48 h fermentation.

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Cell wall components and in vitro dry matter digestibility of ensiled pea: Oat mixtures

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2004477m ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 477-485

Author(s):

Jordan Markovic ◽

Snezana Andjelkovic ◽

Vladimir Zornic ◽

Ivica Kostic ◽

Milomir Blagojevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Forage Intake ◽

Forage Utilization ◽

Wall Components

Cell wall content generally is regarded as the most important factor affecting forage utilization because it comprises the major fraction of forage dry matter and is correlated with forage intake and digestibility. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the cell wall constituents of ensiled pea - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Three effects were studied: application of bacterial inoculant, seeding rate of pea and oat in the mixtures and stages of plant development. The NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), hemicellulose, lignin and DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) were determined in silages. Pea and oat were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture rates: pure pea and pure oat crop, 25% pea + 75% oat, 50% pea + 50% oat, 75% pea + 25% oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected lower content of NDF and hemicellulose (P< 0.05). Content of cell wall constituents decreased with increasing pea content in the mixtures, but DMD increased. On the other hand, content of cell wall constituents increased with plant growth and development, but DMD decreased.

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CAUSAL EFFECTS AMONG FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY MEASURES OI SMOOTH BROMEGRASS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-079 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 591-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. D. CASLER

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Smooth Bromegrass ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

Future improvement of forage quality in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and other species will require a knowledge of the chemical and structural factors most limiting to digestibility and intake of dry matter by ruminants. The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect effects from path analysis of several forage constituents on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and forage yield of smooth bromegrass. Six hundred and fifteen spaced plants of B8HD smooth bromegrass were harvested at Arlington, Wis. in June 1982 to assess dry matter yield and forage constituents. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate IVDMD, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, acid detergent hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin, and ash based on a random calibration subset of 75 plants. Five independent variables comprised the path analysis model: crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. None of the variables directly or indirectly affected forage yield. Lignin and cellulose concentrations had the overwhelmingly largest direct effects on IVDMD, while hemicellulose was important only when expressed as a percentage of the cell wall. Crude protein was important, but only to a small extent, while ash had no effect on IVDMD. The largest indirect effects on IVDMD were generally indirect effects of each character through correlated changes in lignin and indirect effects of lignin through correlated changes in other characters. The large effects of lignin support previous work establishing lignin as the primary factor limiting IVDMD. The importance of cellulose compared to hemicellulose, a result contrary to many current theories on the role of cell walls in rumen digestion, emphasizes at least three factors contributing to differences between this study and previous studies: (1) species differences, (2) genetic vs. species and maturity effects, and (3) analytical procedures. Current evidence suggests a cell wall ideotype should have reduced cellulose and lignin with either reduced or unchanged hemicellulose concentration.Key words: Bromus inermis Leyss., cellulose, hemicellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility, lignin, forage yield

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The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126871 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 416-417

Author(s):

Janet H. Woodward ◽

D. E. Akin

Keyword(s):

Sodium Acetate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽

X Ray ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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