Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. I. Effect of protein concentration and source of carbohydrate on nitrogen balance

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
RD Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Protein Diets

Forty-seven crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in three experiments. In experiment 1 a supplement of DL-methionine significantly increased the nitrogen balances of lambs given low or medium protein milk replacers based on cows' milk proteins. In experiment 2 the optimum level of supplementation of a low protein diet with DL-methionine was determined. Although the nitrogen balances were significantly increased by the supplement, the actual nitrogen balances at equivalent intakes of gross energy and nitrogen were less than those in experiment 1. The low protein diets in the two experiments differed only in the source of carbohydrate: lactose in cxpcrimcnt 1; lactose + glucose in experiment 2. In the final experiment 24 lambs in a 2 x 2 factorial design were fed on low protein diets containing casein as the source of protein, and lactose or glucose as the sole source of carbohydrate, with or without a supplement of DL-methionine. There was no significant effect of the source of carbohydrate on nitrogen balance.

Corrigendum - The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

Milk replacers containing isolated groundnut protein for preruminant lambs: the effect of protein concentration and energy intake on the requirement for lysine

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Phillips ◽  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2-5 days at the start of the experiment, were fed on milk replacers that contained groundnut protein isolate as the sole source of protein, supplemented with graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride. A series of 6x 6 change-over designs with 4-day dietary periods was used in experiments 1 and 2, and a conventional 14-day nitrogen balance in experiment 3. Estimates were made of the minimum intake of lysine coincident with the maximum animal response (MIMR)-measured as maximum nitrogen balance (NB) or minimum plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration. In experiment 1 three diets with different protein concentrations (0.11, 0.18 and 0.25 of total energy as protein) were compared at a controlled intake of gross energy (0.88 MJ/day per kg0.73). At each protein concentration the response to six graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. In experiment 2 a diet of constant protein energy concentration (0.25) was offered at three different intakes of energy (0.63, 0.88 and 1.13 MJ/day per kg0 73). At each level of energy intake the response to six graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. In experiment 3 a milk replacer containing 0.25 protein energy was offered at a constant intake of 0.88 MJ gross energy/day per kg0 73 and, as in the previous experiments, the response to SIX graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. The MIMR for lysine (expressed as a percentage of dietary protein) decreased curvilinearly with an increase in protein concentration, but was unaffected by an increase in the intake of energy. Estimates based on PUN were similar to those based on NB, but the errors associated with the estimates were greater at the lowest protein concentration in experiment 1 and at the lowest intake of energy in experiment 2. Estimates of MIMR in experiments 1 and 3 were in close agreement.

Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. II.* Effect on wool growth, liveweight gain and body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

Twenty-six crossbred lambs in two equal groups, aged 2-5 days, were given a low protein diet based on cows' milk, with or without a supplement of DL-methionine, for an experimental period of 21 days. Intake of gross energy ranged from 518 to 1276 kJ/day per kg0.73 Nitrogen and sulphur retentions were estimated by balance methods and nitrogen retention was also ascertained by comparative slaughter. In the group supplemented with methionine the apparent digestibility of sulphur increased significantly, but there were no significant differences between the groups in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen or in gross energy. Retention of nitrogen and sulphur in the body tissues and in the wool increased significantly. There was a significant increase in wool growth and in the sulphur content of wool, but not in the nitrogen content. Methionine supplementation had no significant effect on liveweight gain. The gain in empty liveweight of the supplemented lambs comprised significantly more protein and significantly less fat than that of the unsupplemented lambs. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 26: 673 (1975)

The utilization by preruminant lambs of isolated soya bean protein in low protein milk replacers

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
RD Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Bean Protein

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in five experiments with low protein milk replacers (0.10 of total energy as protein). Experiment 1. A diet with isolated soya bean protein (ISP) as the sole source of protein was supplemented with different amounts of DL-methionine. The ISP contained 1.06 g methionine (M) and 1.04 g cystine (C) per 16 g nitrogen (equivalent to 9.1 mg M + C per 100 kJ diet). Maximum nitrogen balance was achieved when the M + C concentration was 15.3 ? 3.7 mg per 100 kJ (equivalent to 3.8 g M + C per 16 g nitrogen). Experiment 2. The ISP diet (plus DL-methionine), was supplemented with L-valine, or L-threonine, or L-isoleucine, or L-lysine monohydrochloride, or a mixture of essential amino acids, to raise their concentration in rsp to those in whole egg proteins (g per 16 g nitrogen). There was no significant improvement in nitrogen balance as aresult of adding amino acids other than DL-methionine. Experiment 3. The ISP diet was supplemented with either DL-methionine (2.4 and 14.8 mg/100 kJ), or L-methionine (2.4 and 1 4 8 mg/100 kJ), or methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) (14.8 mg/100 kJ), or L-cystine (14 8 mg/100 kJ). Nitrogen balances were determined. It was concluded that the Dand L-isomers of methionine had similar biological activities when used to supplement ISP, and that MHA was as effective as DL-methionine. There was no significant increase in nitrogen balance with the L-cystine supplement. Experiment 4. The ISP diet (plus DL-methionine) was given to three lambs continuously for 33 days. There was no significant change in nitrogen balance with increasing age. Experiment 5. The ISP diet (diet A) and a diet of equivalent protein content based on cows' milk proteins (diet B) were supplemented with DL-methionine and given to groups of lambs over a wide range of intakes of gross energy (GE). The maximum intake of GE by lambs given the ISP diet ad libitum was 1147 kJ/day per kg0.73, an intake far lower than that which would have been taken by lambs given the cows' milk diet ad libitum. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and DM in diet A were significantly lower than those in diet B and, at the mean intake of apparently digested nitrogen of 538 mg/day per kg0.73, there were significant differences in the nitrogen balances: the values were 362 and 255 mg nitrogen/day per for the cows' milk and ISP diets respectively.

Milk replacers containing isolated soybean protein for preruminant lambs: influence of experimental design on estimates of requirements for supplementary methionine

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Phillips ◽  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in two experiments with low protein milk replacers (0.10 of total energy as protein) containing isolated soybean protein as the sole source of protein. Experiment 1. Groups of three lambs were given the soybean diet supplemented with DL-methionine (seven levels) in increasing (experiment la) or decreasing amounts (experiment 1b). Dietary periods were each of 3 days. Estimates of minimum intakes of methionine plus cystine, coincident with maximum animal response, based on a 1 day nitrogen balance or on plasma urea nitrogen concentrations, indicated that there was a carry-over effect when methionine was given in decreasing amounts. Experiment 2. An 8 x 8 change-over design was used to minimize carry-over effects. Each lamb was given each diet (seven levels of methionine) for 4 days, in such an order that in the final design each diet was preceded once by every other diet. No carry-over effects were observed. It was concluded that the change-over design could be used to estimate amino acid requirements with fewer animals and with shorter dietary periods than in the conventional balance experiment.

Methionine supplementation of low protein diets for broiler chicks in the tropics

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
E. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Protein Diets

Nitrogen balance in barrows fed low-protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Deng ◽  
R.L. Huang ◽  
T.J. Li ◽  
G.Y. Wu ◽  
M.Y. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Protein intake and its relationship to urinary calcium excretion in the preruminant lamb

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Twenty-four lambs were bottle-fed for an experimental period of 21 days in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment (with unequal replications). The sole source of protein in the milk replacers was casein, supplemented with DL-methionine, to supply either 10, 20, 30 or 40% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level there were three levels of Ca to represent 50% (low), 100% (medium) and 200% (high) of the Ca concentration of ewes' milk (taken to be 360 mg MJ-1 gross energy). The Ca:P ratio in all diets was 1.1:l. The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 1046 kJ kg-0.73. Nitrogen, Ca and P balances were determined during the last seven days of the experiment. There was no significant effect of protein intake, or of Ca intake, on the daily urinary Ca excretion, which was uniformly low (n = 24; mean, 1.67 � 0.25 mg kg-1).

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