The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

Corrigendum - The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

Protein intake and its relationship to urinary calcium excretion in the preruminant lamb

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Twenty-four lambs were bottle-fed for an experimental period of 21 days in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment (with unequal replications). The sole source of protein in the milk replacers was casein, supplemented with DL-methionine, to supply either 10, 20, 30 or 40% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level there were three levels of Ca to represent 50% (low), 100% (medium) and 200% (high) of the Ca concentration of ewes' milk (taken to be 360 mg MJ-1 gross energy). The Ca:P ratio in all diets was 1.1:l. The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 1046 kJ kg-0.73. Nitrogen, Ca and P balances were determined during the last seven days of the experiment. There was no significant effect of protein intake, or of Ca intake, on the daily urinary Ca excretion, which was uniformly low (n = 24; mean, 1.67 � 0.25 mg kg-1).

Methionine supplementation of milk proteins for preruminant lambs. I. Effect of protein concentration and source of carbohydrate on nitrogen balance

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
RD Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Protein Diets

Forty-seven crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in three experiments. In experiment 1 a supplement of DL-methionine significantly increased the nitrogen balances of lambs given low or medium protein milk replacers based on cows' milk proteins. In experiment 2 the optimum level of supplementation of a low protein diet with DL-methionine was determined. Although the nitrogen balances were significantly increased by the supplement, the actual nitrogen balances at equivalent intakes of gross energy and nitrogen were less than those in experiment 1. The low protein diets in the two experiments differed only in the source of carbohydrate: lactose in cxpcrimcnt 1; lactose + glucose in experiment 2. In the final experiment 24 lambs in a 2 x 2 factorial design were fed on low protein diets containing casein as the source of protein, and lactose or glucose as the sole source of carbohydrate, with or without a supplement of DL-methionine. There was no significant effect of the source of carbohydrate on nitrogen balance.

Milk replacers containing isolated soybean protein for preruminant lambs: influence of experimental design on estimates of requirements for supplementary methionine

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Phillips ◽  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2–5 days at the start of the experiment, were used in two experiments with low protein milk replacers (0.10 of total energy as protein) containing isolated soybean protein as the sole source of protein. Experiment 1. Groups of three lambs were given the soybean diet supplemented with DL-methionine (seven levels) in increasing (experiment la) or decreasing amounts (experiment 1b). Dietary periods were each of 3 days. Estimates of minimum intakes of methionine plus cystine, coincident with maximum animal response, based on a 1 day nitrogen balance or on plasma urea nitrogen concentrations, indicated that there was a carry-over effect when methionine was given in decreasing amounts. Experiment 2. An 8 x 8 change-over design was used to minimize carry-over effects. Each lamb was given each diet (seven levels of methionine) for 4 days, in such an order that in the final design each diet was preceded once by every other diet. No carry-over effects were observed. It was concluded that the change-over design could be used to estimate amino acid requirements with fewer animals and with shorter dietary periods than in the conventional balance experiment.

Relationships between Oesophagostomum columbianum infection and the nutritional status of sheep. III. Serum and tissue protein changes

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Protein Depletion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Protein Group

The infection of young sheep with 1500 infective Oesophagostomum columbianum larvae was associated with the development of hypoproteinaemia resulting basically from a hypoalbuminaemia. Hypogammaglobulinaemia and hyperbetaglobulinaemia also developed in the infected animals. The concentration of α-globulin in the serum was not affected by infection. The extent and duration of the pathological features in the serum protein concentrations varied with the plane of nutrition. More severe effects were noted in sheep which had been maintained on a low protein ration and which exhibited severe protein depletion of the liver, spleen, and thymus, than in animals on a high protein ration. Within the low protein group the most severe depressions in serum protein concentrations resulted from infection with small multiple doses of larvae compared with the same total number given in a single dose.

Effects of feeding varying levels of protein and phosphorus in relation to bone disorders in cattle

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Siebert ◽  
DMR Newman ◽  
B Hart ◽  
GL Michell
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Steers were fed low or high protein diets with varying levels of phosphorus. Two steers on the low protein diet developed a disorder which clinically resembled osteomalacia after 21 weeks of experimental feeding, and other animals on the same diet showed varying degrees of lameness. The total fresh weight, total mineral content, and the calcium and phosphorus levels of the metacarpal bones were significantly lower in the low protein group. Total fresh weight, total ash content of the rib bones was also lower although there were no differences between groups in the calcium and phosphorus content of rib bones. There were significant differences between treatment groups in blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and protein. The carcase weight of high protein animals was significantly greater than that of the low protein animals. Phosphorus level in the diet had little effect on any tissue measurement. The results showed that a bone disorder could develop in animals fed adequate phosphorus but inadequate protein. The implications of the experiment are considered in relation to the levels of protein and phosphorus in pasture throughout northern Australia.

INFLUENCE OF PRIOR DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON RESISTANCE TO THE STRESS OF PROTEIN DEPLETION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Vaughan ◽  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Helen Churella
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

One-day-old piglets were fed diets of either 50% or 14% protein for 8 weeks; they were given intravenous injections with S35-methionine-labeled plasma protein and were given a nonprotein diet. The plasma protein turnover and the nitrogen excreted were estimated by measuring the S35 activity and the nitrogen in aliquots of blood, urine and feces. During a 102-day period of protein privation, the animals that had received the high-protein diet lost little weight, while pigs previously fed a low level of protein lost 4.4 kg. However the high-protein group had a considerably faster rate of plasma protein turnover, catabolized a much large quantity of protein, and excreted more S35 and nitrogen than did the low-protein group. It is concluded that high-protein diets may make pigs less well able to cope with the stress of sudden protein deprivation.

Maintenance of Merino sheep fed varying protein roughages with or without supplements of chopped lucerne hay and wheat.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Franklin ◽  
P McInnes ◽  
PK Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean

Merino wethers of 30 months of age were hand-fed in pens on low-(chaffed wheaten straw), medium-(84 per cent chaffed wheaten straw; 16 per cent chopped lucerne hay), and high-protein roughage (chopped wheaten hay, or 67.5 per cent chaffed wheaten straw : 32.5 per cent chopped lucerne hay) alone, or supplemented with wheat grain at daily or twice-weekly intervals. The experimental period was 26 weeks and emphasis was placed on the number of survivors, changes in body weight, and mean daily roughage intake. Data were also collected on wool production. No sheep survived on the low-protein roughage (LPR-2.7 per cent crude protein (CP) ). Seven out of 16 sheep in the medium-protein roughage group (MPR-5.2 per cent CP) survived for 26 weeks ; six of these, however, died in the following four weeks. All sheep survived on the two high-protein roughage diets (HPR(1) and HPR(2)-7.6 per cent CP). The wheat supplement increased the number of survivors in the LPR and MPR groups. There was no difference between results from the daily and twice-weekly supplemented groups. Mean daily roughage intake of the unsupplemented sheep increased at each level of protein in the roughage. Mean intake of chaffed wheat straw when fed alone was 220 g per sheep per day. The intake of the same straw when fed with chopped lucerne hay increased by 120 g per sheep per day in the group fed MPR, and by 344 g in the group fed HPR(1). The wheat supplement did not increase intake within any roughage group. Roughage intake was significantly decreased on the HPR(2) diet when a wheat supplement was given. Sheep fed HPR(2) grew more clean wool than sheep in the other unsupplemented groups. Differences between mean clean wool weights of daily and twice-weekly supplemented groups within each roughage group were not significant, but differences between the mean pooled wool weights of each supplemented roughage group were significant.

Milk replacers containing isolated groundnut protein for preruminant lambs: the effect of protein concentration and energy intake on the requirement for lysine

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Phillips ◽  
DM Walker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 2-5 days at the start of the experiment, were fed on milk replacers that contained groundnut protein isolate as the sole source of protein, supplemented with graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride. A series of 6x 6 change-over designs with 4-day dietary periods was used in experiments 1 and 2, and a conventional 14-day nitrogen balance in experiment 3. Estimates were made of the minimum intake of lysine coincident with the maximum animal response (MIMR)-measured as maximum nitrogen balance (NB) or minimum plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration. In experiment 1 three diets with different protein concentrations (0.11, 0.18 and 0.25 of total energy as protein) were compared at a controlled intake of gross energy (0.88 MJ/day per kg0.73). At each protein concentration the response to six graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. In experiment 2 a diet of constant protein energy concentration (0.25) was offered at three different intakes of energy (0.63, 0.88 and 1.13 MJ/day per kg0 73). At each level of energy intake the response to six graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. In experiment 3 a milk replacer containing 0.25 protein energy was offered at a constant intake of 0.88 MJ gross energy/day per kg0 73 and, as in the previous experiments, the response to SIX graded levels of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. The MIMR for lysine (expressed as a percentage of dietary protein) decreased curvilinearly with an increase in protein concentration, but was unaffected by an increase in the intake of energy. Estimates based on PUN were similar to those based on NB, but the errors associated with the estimates were greater at the lowest protein concentration in experiment 1 and at the lowest intake of energy in experiment 2. Estimates of MIMR in experiments 1 and 3 were in close agreement.

RAPESEED OILS LOW OR HIGH IN ERUCIC ACID IN MILK REPLACERS FOR LAMBS: THEIR EFFECTS ON GROWTH, DIGESTION, NITROGEN BALANCE AND INTERNAL ORGANS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
D. M. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers

Unrefined rapeseed (Brassica napus) oils which contained 0.4 (Oro), 16.0 (Bronowski) and 39.3% (Target) erucic acid were compared with butter oil as the sole source of fat in milk replacers for lambs. Lambs were fed 210 kcal gross energy/kg body weight0.73 per day for 2 wk, and then were killed to determine effects of the oils on internal organs. Lamb body weight gains were similar on the Oro and butter oil diets (37 vs. 41 g/kg0.73/day), but were less on the Bronowski and Target oil diets (32 and 19 g/kg0.73/day, respectively). Nutrients in the Oro oil diet were highly digestible, but were less than those in butter oil (94 vs. 99% apparent fat digestibility). Lambs fed the Bronowski and Target oil diets digested only 74 and 82% of the fat. Lambs fed the butter, Oro, Bronowski and Target oil diets retained 72, 62, 57 and 48%, respectively, of the nitrogen consumed. Livers from lambs fed the Target oil diet were pale and showed fatty tissue infiltration. Lambs fed the Bronowski and Target oil diets had enlarged thyroid glands. It was concluded that Oro rapeseed oil could effectively replace all or part of animal fats used in lamb milk replacers.

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