Nitrogen nutrition of cereals in a short-term rotation. II. Stem nitrate as an indicator of nitrogen availability

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Papastylianou ◽  
DW Puckridge
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year

The effect of cultural treatments and fertilizer nitrogen on nitrate nitrogen concentration of cereal steins and the relation between nitrate nitrogen and cereal production were examined in a three-year experiment. Five cultural treatments in the first year were medic or subterranean clover pasture, field beans, oats or bare fallow. These were oversown in the second year with barley, wheat and triticale, with 0, 30, 60 or 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer nitrogen. Wheat was sown over the whole area in the third season. There were marked differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the second year cereals as a result of the previous cultural treatments and the current application of fertilizer nitrogen. For cultural treatments the concentrations were highest after fallow, intermediate after legumes, and lowest after oats. There was an asymptotic increase in nitrate nitrogen as fertilizer nitrogen increased. The second year had low rainfall, and there was little correlation between nitrate nitrogen concentration and production, but measurements of nitrate nitrogen clearly indicated relative availability of nitrogen. In the third season's wheat crop the residual effects of first year subterranean clover gave highest nitrate nitrogen, but effects of fallow were almost as high. Second year fertilizer had less effect than first year cultural treatments. Grain yield of wheat in the third year was closely related to nitrate nitrogen concentration during early growth stages. This was a year with good rainfall. Measurement of nitrate concentration in plant stems could be useful for determining the need for fertilizer nitrogen.

Nitrogen nutrition of cereals in a short-term rotation. I. Single season treatments as a source of nitrogen for subsequent cereal crops

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Papastylianou ◽  
DW Puckridge ◽  
ED Carter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year

The residual effects of one season of five cultural treatments common in southern Australian dryland farming were examined with respect to soil water and nitrogen, and the production of cereals in the next two years. The initial treatments were medic or subterranean clover pasture, faba beans, oats or bare fallow. In the second year barley, wheat and triticale were grown on the same plots, with 0,30,60 or 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer nitrogen. Wheat was sown over the whole area for the third season. The medic and subterranean clover pastures contributed approximately 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in top growth, but this remained on the surface until cultivation. Oats and fallow plots declined in total soil nitrogen by about 70 kg ha-1. The nitrogen content of the faba bean stubble showed that this crop has the potential of providing equivalent nitrogen to a good legume pasture. At the beginning of the second season the previous plots of fallow, beans, subterranean clover and medic had 36,27, 14 and 12 mm more water in the top metre of soil than oat plots. Cereals after oats apparently did not respond to fertilizer nitrogen because of the dry conditions, but on other plots the yield response was not proportional to the additional water. Although first year treatments affected growth of the three cereals in the second season, the new cereal, triticale, showed no evidence of different adaptation to growing conditions than wheat or barley. The effects of first and second year treatments carried through to the wheat crop in the third season. There were marked differences in nitrogen availability, but evidence that the second crop was depleting soil nitrogen reserves. Nitrogen from first year legume residues was available earlier in the season than second year fertilizer nitrogen which had been leached from the surface soil.

Comparative effects of subterranean clover, medic, lucerne, and chickpea in wheat rotations, on nitrogen, organic carbon, and moisture in two contrasting soils

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. R. Holford ◽  
B. E. Schweitzer ◽  
G. J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

The effects of subterranean clover, medic, and lucerne, grown simultaneously from 1988 to 1990, followed by wheat from 1991 to 1993, and of chickpea and long fallow in alternate years with wheat, on soil total nitrogen (N), nitrate-N (NO-3-N), organic carbon (C), and moisture were measured over 6 years in 2 long-term experiments on a black earth (pellic vertisol) and red clay (chromic vertisol) in northern New South Wales. The accretion of soil total N in the black earth and NO-3-N in both soils was higher after lucerne than after other legumes, and NO-3 in the black earth remained high after lucerne to the full depth (120 cm) of measurement during the following 3 years of wheat growing. Clover had the next largest effect on total N and NO-3 accretion, and chickpea had the smallest effect except in the red clay where chickpea increased NO-3 more than medic in 1990. However, none of the annual legumes had much effect on NO-3 after the first year of cropping and their small residual effects, if any, were confined to the top 30 cm of soil. Levels of total N accretion after lucerne were higher than previously measured, because of the greater depth of measurement, but were similar on a per unit depth basis. High levels of NO-3 -N after long fallow, especially in the black earth, which tended to be higher than after medic or chickpea, were probably caused by accelerated mineralisation of organic N which has declined more in this rotation than in any other. There was no accumulation of organic C during the legume growing period in any rotation, and C tended to be lower after chickpea than after other legumes. Organic C was almost always lowest in the long fallow treatment. Summer-growing grasses, which occurred in all treatments to varying degrees, may have caused the organic C accumulation during the 3 years of cropping. In the first year of wheat growing, soil water was lower after lucerne than after other treatments and highest after long fallow, continuous wheat, and chickpea. It was replenished in the red clay to field capacity in all treatments by high rainfall during the fallow before the first wheat crop but not in the black earth, which failed to reach field capacity in any treatment even 2.5 years after the pasture legume phase.

scholarly journals AB0751 SAFETY AND PERSISTENCE OF USTEKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN BIOBADASER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1672.2-1672
Author(s):  
N. Busquets-Pérez ◽  
C. Sánchez-Piedra ◽  
P. Vela-Casasempere ◽  
M. Freire-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Bohórquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
First Year ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Minimal Disease Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Third Line

Background:Ustekinumab has been efficacy and safety for psoriatic artritis in clinical trials.Objectives:To assess effectiveness, by means of drug persistence analisys, and safety of ustekinumab in patients with psoriastic arthritis in Biobadaser.Methods:BIOBADASER is the Spanish registry of biological drugs of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and the Spanish Medicines Agency. We identified patients aged 18 years or more with psoriatic arthritis on Ustekinumab. A descriptive analysis was performed.The persistence of ustekinumab therapy was calculated with a Kaplan-Meier curve and was compared with the persistence of anti-TNF, according to line treatment. Log Rank test was used to establish a comparison. Adverse events occurring with ustekinumab are described according to year treatment.Results:One hundred and twelve patients were on ustekinumab. Most of them were on their second or third line treatment: 53.57% more than one biological therapy (BT), 19.64% second BT, 26.79% were naïve for BT. Most of them were on 45 mg dose: 88.24%. Median duration of disease at Ustekinumab initiation was 10.1 SD 7.2 years; 69.23% had peripheral arthritis; 45.24% had obesity and 39.29% were overweight; 40,6% were on prednisone and 59.82% on DMARD. The cause of discontinuation of treatment was mainly inefficacy (82.61%) and less common an adverse event (6.52%). The probability of persistence of treatment with ustekinumab was 0.83 (95% CI 0.63-0.92) at year 1, 0.79 (0.58-0.90) at year 2 and 0.79 (0.58-0.9) at year 3 when ustekinumab was prescribed as the first line treatment. The persistence decrease when ustekinumab was prescribe as a second and third treatment: being 0.53 (0.27-0.73) the first year, 0.46 (0.22-0.67) the second year and 0.46 (0.22-0.67) as a second line treatment and 0.58 (0.44-0.70) the first year, 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the second year and 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the third year as a third line treatment.The persistence was similar to anti-TNF treatment, according to line treatment. Adverse events were mainly mild (97.83%) and occurred the first year of treatment. Most of the adverse events were classified as “infections and infestations” (36.96%).Conclusion:The persistence of ustekinumab was high, being 83% at the end of the first year on treatment and 79% the second and the third year of treatment. The persistence of ustekinumab was higher when if it was the first line treatment compared as if it was used as the second o third BT option. The persistence of Ustekinumab is similar to the persistence of anti-TNF treatments in all the analyzed treatment lines (no statistically differences were found). Adverse events occurred mainly during the first year treatment. They were mainly mild adverse events and the frequency decreased within the second and third year of treatment.References:[1]Treatment with ustekinumab in a Spanish cohort of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in daily clinical practice.Almirall M, Rodriguez J, Mateo L, Carrascosa JM, Notario J, Gallardo F. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;36(2):439-443;[2]Minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab: results from a 24-week real-world study.Napolitano M, Costa L, Caso F, Megna M, Scarpa R, Balato N, Ayala F, Balato A. J Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;24(7):381-384;[3]Minimal Disease Activity and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Real-World Evidence Study With Ustekinumab.Queiro R, Brandy A, Rosado MC, Lorenzo A, Coto P, Carriles C, Alperi M, Ballina J. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018 Jun 28;[4]An analysis of Drug Survival, Effectiveness, and Safety in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Treated With Ustekinumab: An Observational Study of 69 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice.Salgüero Fernández I, Gil MH, Sanz MS, Gullón GR;Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Water-Yield Relationships in Deficit Irrigated Onion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Serhat Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

The short-term effects of rock phosphate and super-phosphate on a subterranean clover pasture.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
PG Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Second Year

A 2-year field experiment is described, in which an annual-type pasture was grown on a soil of lateritic origin with various initial rates of rock phosphate and superphosphate. The soil was acutely deficient in plant-available phosphorus at the outset. Application of superphosphate led to the expected increases in total pasture production, but rock phosphate also gave substantial yield increases, even during the first season. Differential species effects were noted; subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and cape-weed (Cryptostemma calendula Druce) responded about equally to superphosphate, but the clover responded to rock phosphate to a greater extent than did cape-weed. Both relative efficiency for total plant growth and percentage utilization of applied phosphorus were much higher with the soluble phosphatic fertilizer than with rock phosphate, especially in the first year. However, phosphorus recovery from rock phosphate was as high in the second year as in the first, whereas there was a marked decrease in the second year from superphosphate.

scholarly journals Quality Improvement Initiatives in Reforming Patient Support Groups—Three-Year Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7155
Author(s):  
Chieh-Liang Wu ◽  
Chia-Hua Liou ◽  
Shih-An Liu ◽  
Cheng-Hsu Chen ◽  
Wayne H-H Sheu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Support ◽  
The Third ◽  
Change Team ◽  
Second Year

Background: Little has been done regarding the research on quality and quantity of patient support groups (PSGs) and how they can be improved. Here, we present three-year experiences of a quality improvement (QI) program of our PSGs. Methods: We launched earlier on a three-year project to improve our PSGs, including the number and quality of curricula. Data were collected on the number of PSGs, curricula, and participants. Results: In the first year, we organized relevant resources of our hospital and established a standard protocol for applying financial support and reporting the results. In the second year, we elected “the best patient” to promote sense of honor and better peer supports. In the third year, we surveyed through questionnaires participants’ health literacy to improve their feedback. Competitions and exhibitions of achievements were held each year to share results of every PSG. Finally, we had increased the volume of participation of patients and family over these three years (3968, 5401 (+35.5%) and 5963 (+50.3%)). Participation of staff also increased significantly (489 and 551 (+12.7%)). Furthermore, more interdisciplinary curricula were generated, with fewer doctors (38.2% to 29%), but greater numbers of the following: nurses (4.9% to 17.4%), nurse practitioners (0.4% to 14.5%), medical laboratory scientists (2.5% to 16.3%), social workers (4.7% to 41.7%), and teachers from outside (0% to 1.8%). Conclusion: In this first study on QI efforts on PSGs, we enlisted a core change team, drew a stakeholder map, and selected an improvement framework with good results.

Shot-hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh.) of tea in Ceylon II.—The effect of chemical control on the yield and manurial response of tea

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-641
Author(s):  
J. E. Cranham ◽  
P. Kanapathapillai ◽  
A. Kathiravetpillai
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Effect On Yield

In 1960–65, six field trials were carried out on tea estates in Ceylon to assess the effect on yield, and on the response of the crop to fertilizer, of dieldrin sprays applied after pruning to control shot-hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh.). Periodic sampling was carried out to assess the numbers of borers and their galleries. Yields were recorded by weekly or fortnightly weighings of the green leaf plucked, over pruning cycles of two to four years.The pattern of the yield increases on the sprayed plots was related to the difference in attack between the sprayed and unsprayed plots. Increases were, in general, small in the first year and much larger in the second year, reaching peak values of 32–58 per cent. (on the yields of successive three-monthly periods recorded) in the late second year, and declining thereafter through the third year as the difference in attack declined. Over the first two years there were marked yield increases in eight of the nine pruning cycles, and these ranged from 11·7 per cent, to 26·3 per cent. There was significant regression (P<0·001) of the percentage increase in yield on the maximum difference in gallery counts. Yield increases in the third year of pruning cycles were also considerable and the results evidence a prolonged effect of the heavy borer attack occurring in the second year.In one trial there was a significant interaction between the effects of dieldrin spraying and of nitrogen supplied. Control of the borer greatly improved the crop response to nitrogen. Nitrogen application increased the yield but resulted also in a proportionately larger loss of crop from borer attack. There was a small but significant increase in the number of borer galleries on the plots receiving nitrogen.The evidence on the size and pattern of crop losses caused by the borer suggests that these occur both from shoot breakages and from the direct effect of galleries on the growth of stems.The significance of the results in relation to estate practice, and the economics of spraying, are briefly discussed.

The effects of nitrogen and irrigation on timothy (Phleum pratense) grown for production of seed: I. Vegetative growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Additional Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

1. Plants of S.48 timothy were established on a 1 ft square pattern for production of seed. Two series of plots, one irrigated and one not irrigated, were treated with three levels of applied nitrogen: 0 (NO), 87 (Nl) and 261 (N2) lb N per acre (0, 97·5 and 292·5 kg N/ha) per annum, for 3 years. In this, the first of two papers, only vegetative aspects of growth are considered. Since the irrigation treatment started only 2 weeks before most of the data were recorded, effects of irrigation on vegetative growth were generally small.2. The number of tillers per plant was increased by application of nitrogen; the lower increment was more effective than the additional nitrogen in the higher dose.3. The weight of tillers per plant was increased by nitrogen at both levels of application. The mean weight of each tiller was increased by nitrogen after the first year, predominantly in the N 2 treatment. In the second year, irrigation also increased the weight per tiller.4. The weight of roots per plant was significantly affected by application of nitrogen. In the first year, the weight was increased by nitrogen in irrigated plots; in the second year the roots were significantly heavier in the Nl treatment than in N0 and N2 treatments, where weights were similar; the same situation existed in irrigated plots in the third year, but in non-irrigated plots the weights of roots were similar in N1 and N2 treatments and were heavier than in the N0 treatment. Irrigation had positive effects on the weight of roots in the first and second years.

Pre-cropping with canola decreased Pratylenchus thornei populations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and yield of wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Owen ◽  
T. G. Clewett ◽  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Second Year

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) significantly reduces wheat yields in the northern Australian grain region. Canola is thought to have a ‘biofumigation’ potential to control nematodes; therefore, a field experiment was designed to compare canola with other winter crops or clean-fallow for reducing P. thornei population densities and improving growth of P. thornei-intolerant wheat (cv. Batavia) in the following year. Immediately after harvest of the first-year crops, populations of P. thornei were lowest following various canola cultivars or clean-fallow (1957–5200 P. thornei/kg dry soil) and were highest following susceptible wheat cultivars (31 033–41 294/kg dry soil). Unexpectedly, at planting of the second-year wheat crop, nematode populations were at more uniform lower levels (<5000/kg dry soil), irrespective of the previous season’s treatment, and remained that way during the growing season, which was quite dry. Growth and grain yield of the second-year wheat crop were poorest on plots previously planted with canola or left fallow due to poor colonisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, with the exception of canola cv. Karoo, which had high AM fungal colonisation and low wheat yields. There were significant regressions between growth and yield parameters of the second-year wheat and levels of AMF following the pre-crop treatments. Thus, canola appears to be a good crop for reducing P. thornei populations, but AM fungal-dependence of subsequent crops should be considered, particularly in the northern Australian grain region.

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