Sulfur nutrition of temperate pasture species. II. A comparison of subterranean clover cultivars, medics and grasses

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

The external and internal requirements for sulfur of five pasture legumes and three grasses of temperate origin were examined in a pot experiment in which plants were grown with seven levels of sulfur supply for 58 days. Nitrogen supply was non-limiting. There was no distinct difference between legumes and grasses in their external requirement for sulfur (i.e. the amount of sulfur required for 90% of maximum yield) or in their sensitivity to sulfur deficiency (i.e. yield at the lowest sulfur supply expressed as a percentage of maximum yield). The requirement for sulfur (mg/pot) fell in the following order: Hunter River lucerne (24) > Jemalong barrel medic (19) > brome grass and Wimmera ryegrass (18) > barley grass (15) > Clare subterranean clover (13) > Trikkala subterranean clover (11) > Seaton Park subterranean clover (10). The high external requirement for sulfur of Hunter River lucerne appears to be due to its poor ability to distribute sulfur from root to shoot and to its high internal requirement for sulfur. However, for Jemalong barrel medic, the high external requirement was solely due to its high internal requirement for sulfur. The higher external requirement for sulfur of the grasses compared with the subterranean clover cultivars appears to be due to the poorer ability of the grasses to obtain sulfur from the soil used in this experiment, rather than to differences in the transfer of sulfur from root to shoot, or in their internal requirement for sulfur.

Studies on competition for sulfur between subterranean clover and annual ryegrass. II. Interrelation of nitrogen supply and soil temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Better Than

The effects of soil temperature (7, 13, 19 and 25�C) end supplies of nitrogen and sulfur on growth and competition between subterranean clover ( Triticum subterraneum cv. Trikkala) and ryegrass (Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera) were examined in a glasshouse experiment over a period of 62 days. Soil temperature influenced competition for sulfur in mixtures of species supplied with nitrogen fertilizer. When the sulfur supply was low, there was no competition between the species at temperatures of 7 and 13�C. However, at 19 and 25�C ryegrass suppressed the yield and sulfur content of subterranean clover. When sulfur was applied to the mixture, nitrogen application did not result in competition at any temperature. When nitrogen supply was low, the yield and sulfur content of ryegrass were poor compared with those of subterranean clover. However, this did not result in competition between the species at low or high levels of sulfur supply. In both species, yield and sulfur content increased, and sulfur concentration decreased with increasing soil temperature. Hence there were severe symptoms of sulfur deficiency in plants grown with added nitrogen at 19 and 25'C, and no symptoms in plants grown at lower temperatures. While both species had the same optimum temperature range for growth (between 19 and 25�C), ryegrass grew relatively better than subterranean clover at lower temperatures.

The comparative phosphate requirements of four annual pastures and two crops

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
KMW Howes ◽  
A Petch
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The levels of broadcast phosphate needed for 90% of maximum production by subterranean clover, Wimmera ryegrass at two levels of nitrogen, wheat and lupins are compared in a field experiment. Two seeding rates, one five times the other, were used to vary the stand densities and yields per unit area of the swards. A total of 180 kg nitrogen/ha was supplied to the wheat and high nitrogen grass plots; the low nitrogen grass plots received 30 kg/ha. Although both the high seeding rates and the high nitrogen applications gave up to double the yield per unit area, they did not significantly change the level of phosphate required for 90% of maximum yield by a given species or mixture. Grown as single species, lupins had the highest phosphorus requirement (202 kg/ha); wheat (118 kg/ha) and clover (107 kg/ha) had similar requirements; while grass with either a low nitrogen supply (58 kg/ha) or a high nitrogen supply (56 kg/ha) had the lowest requirement when measured during flowering. When clover and ryegrass were grown as a mixed sward, the phosphorus requirement (84 kg/ha) was close to the average of those for the pure clover and grass. Both the grass and clover responded to approximately the same level of phosphate when grown as a mixture. The amount of nitrogen fixed by the clover, either as a pure sward or when mixed with grass, increased with increasing phosphate application. We think that the phosphate level required by the grass when grown with clover rather than as a pure sward was an expression of this increased nitrogen supply and not a direct response to phosphate. The levels of phosphate required to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield in the lupin and ear yield in the wheat were similar to the phosphate requirement for 90% of maximum vegetative yield.

Influence of an acid soil on the herbage yield and nodulation of five annual pasture legumes

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Evans ◽  
B Dear ◽  
GE O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Persian Clover

Balansa, persian and subterranean clover and barrel and murex medic were grown in acidic sandy loam in pots in a glasshouse. Four lime treatments (0, 1, 2, 3.5 t/ha) resulted in pH levels of 4.2, 4.7, 5.1 and 6.0 (1:5 CaCl2). After addition of plant nutrients, total exchangeable cations in the nil lime treatment averaged 2.197 cmol(+)/kg, increasing to 4.738 cmol(+)/kg at pH 6.0. With increasing pH, aluminium saturation of the soil exchange was 38, 14, 4 and 3%. The effect of soil acidity on dry matter production was compared between legumes by determining relative yield (yield/maximum yield) responses over the pH range. Subterranean clover was the most tolerant legume, followed by murex medic and balansa clover (similar), persian clover and then barrel medic. All legumes except barrel medic produced at least 90% of maximum yield at pH 4.7; only subterranean clover produced more than 90% of maximum yield at pH 4.2. Establishment of nodules was more sensitive to acidity than indicated by relative yields of dry matter, especially in murex medic and persian clover. Average nodule weight usually increased at lower pH. The dry matter yields of murex medic and persian clover at lower pH were probably reliant on compensatory increases in nodule volume as nodule number declined with increasing acidity.

Time distribution of seedlings emergence from single seed crops of several annual pasture legumes

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Original Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Seedling emergence from single seed crops of Dwalganup and Geraldton subterranean clover, Yamina cupped clover, Troodos and Kondinin rose clover, and Cyprus barrel medic, was studied in a low rainfall wheatbelt environment in Western Australia. The proportion of the original seed set recovered as seedlings was highest from the subterranean clovers in the first year but about the same for all genotypes in the second year. Few subterranean clover seeds were recovered in the third regeneration year either as seedlings or residual hard seeds, whereas significant proportions of the original seed of the other genotypes were obtained. More than 10 per cent of the original seed of Cyprus barrel medic and Yamina cupped clover remained ungerminated at the end of the third season. Between about 35 and 75 per cent of the original seed set was not accounted for in the genotypes studied. The proportions of the total seedling numbers that emerged following summer and early autumn rains were generally highest from the subterranean clovers and least from the cupped clover and medic. It is suggested that these different patterns of emergence within years were the result of differences in embyro dormancy rather than different patterns of hard seed breakdown.

Effect of species and cultivation on the responses to phosphate of annual pastures and crops

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
A Petch
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Sand Plain ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Cultivation Practice

Three crop species, sand-plain lupin, Lupinus cosentinii L. (cv. Chapman), narrow-leaf lupin, L. angustifolius L. (cv. Uniharvest), and wheat, Triticum aestivium (cv. Gamenya), were grown under field conditions in soil fertilized then cultivated to 10 cm depth. Two annual pasture species, subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. (cv. Daliak), and Wimmera ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. (cv. Wimmera), were also grown in the field both with and without cultivation. All species were fertilized with seven levels of phosphate broadcast on the soil surface before cultivation. The amount of phosphate which produced 90% of maximum yield depended on species and cultivation practice: wheat required 98 kg phosphorus/ha; L. angustifolius, 65 kg/ha; L. cosentinii, 42 kg/ha; subterranean clover, after cultivation, 49 kg/ha; subterranean clover, not cultivated, 28 kg/ha; Wimmera ryegrass after cultivation, 40 kg/ha; Wimmera ryegrass, not cultivated, 18 kg/ha. All species except wheat required less current phosphate in this experiment than they did 3 years earlier on the same site in virgin soil. Cultivation changed the distribution of soil phosphate, and the roots of the pasture species followed the phosphate distribution.

The comparative applied phosphate requirements of eight annual pasture species

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
J Keay ◽  
EF Biddiscombe
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of a wide range of applied phosphate levels were compared on eight annual pasture species. Marked differences were found between species in response by tops, roots, or whole plant, and in top/root ratio. Different forms of yield response curve were given by the non-legumes, the clovers, and the lupin. At an early growth stage cape-weed, the three clovers, and erodium were highest in phosphorus requirement for near-maximum yield. At the full flowering stage, species ranked in the following decreasing order of requirement: cupped clover > rose clover > subterranean clover > lupin > erodium = cape-weed > Wimmera ryegrass = silver grass. Yields and phosphorus concentrations are compared in relation to applied phosphorus levels. In the early vegetative stage, all species needed at least 0.7% phosphorus in the tops for maximum yield, but by flowering this requirement had fallen to very much lower levels. It is suggested that differences between the species in response to applied phosphate are large enough to influence strongly the botanical composition of pasture and its fertilizer requirements.

Flower initiation in pasture legumes. III. Flower initiation in Medicago tribuloides Desr. and other annual medics.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Commercial Variety ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Long Photoperiod

Observations on barrel medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr., commercial variety) sown throughout the year in the field showed that the flower initiation of the winter sowings was the most rapid and that of the late summer sowings the most delayed. This delay was due to the absence of sufficiently low temperature following germination. Low temperature and long photoperiod accelerate flower initiation in barrel medic as in subterranean clover. Five types of annual medic that persist under Mallee conditions are similar in their flower initiation character to that of the "second-early" varieties of subterranean clover.

Studies on competition for sulfur between subterranean clover and annual ryegrass. I. Effect of nitrogen and sulfur supply

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Effect On Yield

The effects of nitrogen and sulfur supply on growth and competition between subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Trikkala) and ryegrass (Lohum rigidum cv. Wimmera) were examined in a glasshouse experiment over a period of 45 days and in a field experiment over one growing season by using the de Wit model. Sulfur supply had no effect on competition between the species. Yield and sulfur content of both species in mixtures were at least equal to those in monoculture, irrespective of nitrogen and sulfur supply. In swards which were severely deficient in nitrogen, subterranean clover was more responsive to increasing sulfur supply than was ryegrass, but this did not cause interspecific competition. Under field conditions during spring, there was some indication that ryegrass was the superior competitor in sulfur-deficient swards which had received nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen application reduced the percentage of subterranean clover in the sward at all levels of sulfur supply, because it had a much greater effect on yield of ryegrass relative to the yield of subterranean clover. Sulfur application increased the percentage of subterranean clover in the mixed swards at each level of nitrogen supply.

Responses of pasture legumes to zinc on calcareous soils in the Riverina, New South Wales

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Kleinig ◽  
J Loveday
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Better Than

The low availability of zinc on a number of calcareous grey and brown soils of heavy texture with pH>8, in the Coleambally Irrigation and Balranald areas of New South Wales, resulted in marked deficient symptoms in, and responses to zinc by, Bacchus Marsh subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean L.), grown on these soils. An interaction between zinc and manganese occurred but there was no yield advantage in applying manganese in place of, or together with, zinc. Healthy subterranean clover grew on the surface soil (0-4 in.) of Yooroobla clay, a gilgai puff, but plants on the subsoil, which is exposed when the soil is leveled for irrigation, were extremely, zinc deficient. The pH of the subsoil is generally about 0.5 units higher than that of the surface soil. Legume species and strains differed in their response to zinc. Ladino white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Clare subterranean clover responded less to applied zinc than Bacchus Marsh subterranean clover, and barrel medic 173 (Medicago tribuloides Desr.) responded less than Ladino white clover. When no zinc was applied barrel medic 173 yielded better than Ladino white clover, and Ladino white clover and Clare subterranean clover better than Bacchus Marsh subterranean clover.

Wether bioassay of annual pasture legumes. I. Oestrogenic activity in Medicago tribuloides Desr. var. Cyprus* relative to four strains of Trifolium subterraneum L.

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Millington ◽  
CM Francis ◽  
NR McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Increase

The grazing of pasture swards of Cyprus barrel medic and of four strains of subterranean clover resulted in increases of wether teat length similar to those produced by injections of a synthetic oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol. Oestrogenic activity of the medic, as measured by increase in wether teat length, was less than that of the Yarloop and Dwalganup strains of subterranean clover, but similar to that of the Mt. Barker strain. Coumestrol appears to be the principal oestrogenic substance in the medic. The coumestrol contents of Cyprus and commercial barrel medics were similar but varied at different localities. The low coumestrol content of the subterranean clovers suggests that it is not an important oestrogen in this species. ____________________ *Cyprus barrel medic. During the joint FAO–CSIRO collecting expedition in 1950–1951, J. F. Miles collected barrel medic, C.P.J. 13914, in Cyprus, and portion of the seed was passed to D. Symon at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide. A programme, commenced in 1950, to extend the legume belt into the lower rainfall districts of Western Australia, indicated the need for an earlier-flowering medic, and Symon suggested testing the Cyprus introductjon. Encouraging results from sward tnals conducted by the Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, resulted in a programme of seed increase and large-scale commercial production of the Cyprus strain. The Cyprus strain flowers 4 weeks earlier than the commercial and 5 weeks before M. tr ibuloides 173, and is proving a very satisfactory legume on a wide range of soils in Western Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document