Wool growth and sulfur amino acid entry rate in sheep fed roughage based diets supplemented with bentonite and sulfur amino acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Fenn ◽  
RA Leng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Water Supplementation

In two experiments, sheep were offered a roughage-based diet supplemented with either cysteine or bentonite as a solid, or bentonite, cysteine or methionine added to their drinking water. Supplementation with cysteine as a solid had no effect on wool growth, while supplementation via drinking water had no effect on wool growth or cysteine entry rate into the blood. Supplementation with methionine via drinking water increased the entry rate of methionine into blood by 69% (P< 0.05) as measured by a continuous infusion of [35S]-methionine. This coincided with subsequent increases in wool growth of 16% (P< 0.05) compared to sheep fed a basal diet alone. Compared with the basal diet alone, supplementation with 30 g/day bentonite as a dry powder or 60 g/day as a suspension in drinking water increased wool growth by 19 and 20% respectively. Bentonite given as sole supplement did not increase the entry rate of either cysteine or methionine into the blood of sheep. When bentonite and sulfur amino acids were complexed or mixed, wool growth was not increased above that for bentonite or the amino acid alone.

Effect of cysteine ethyl ester supplements on wool growth rate

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Radcliffe ◽  
PI Hynd ◽  
NJ Benevenga ◽  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Ester Hydrochloride ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wool Growth

L-Cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (CEE) was evaluated as a dietary sulfur amino acid supplement for increasing wool growth rate. In Experiment 1, eight sheep were offered 800 g chopped lucerne hay daily and wool growth was measured over a three-week control period. These sheep were then given a continuous infusion of either CEE per rumen, CEE per abomasum, cysteine per abomasum or continued on the basal diet alone, for three weeks, and wool growth was measured again. All supplements were equivalent to 25 mmol/day. Wool growth rate on tattooed patches in sheep given CEE per rumen or abomasum increased 67% and 75% respectively above the rates prior to infusion, while that of animals given cysteine increased 45%. Wool growth rate in the control sheep increased by only 15% in the same period. In Experiment 2, wool growth was measured in 24 sheep offered 800 g/day lucerne chaff, and again when CEE, cystine, or Na2SO4, each providing 21 mmol S/day, were combined with mineral mix and offered with the feed. CEE and cystine increased wool production by 1.9 g/sheep/day (P < 0.01) and 1.0 g/day (P < 0.05), respectively, above that measured in the control groups (nil- or Na2SO4- supplemented) which did not differ.

scholarly journals Total 4EBP1 Is Elevated in Liver of Rats in Response to Low Sulfur Amino Acid Intake

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos K. Sikalidis ◽  
Kevin M. Mazor ◽  
Minji Kang ◽  
Hongyun Liu ◽  
Martha H. Stipanuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cellular Stresses

Translation initiation is known to be regulated by the binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) by binding proteins (4EBPs), and there is evidence that amino acid deprivation and other cellular stresses upregulate 4EBP1 expression. To pursue the question of whether diets limited in an essential amino acid lead to induction of 4EBP1 expression in vivo, diets that varied in methionine and cystine content were fed to rats for 7 days, and 4EBP1 mRNA and protein levels and 4EBP1 phosphorylation state were determined. Total 4EBP1 mRNA and protein abundance increased in liver of rats with severely deficient intakes of sulfur amino acids (0.23% or 0.11% methionine without cystine) but not in animals with a less restricted intake of sulfur amino acids (0.11% methionine plus 0.35% cystine) but a similarly restricted intake of total diet (53 to 62% of control). The amount of 4EBP1 binding activity (α + β forms) was elevated in liver of rats fed sulfur amino acid-deficient diets, whereas the hyperphosphorylation of 4EBP1 was not affected by dietary treatment. Results suggest that changes in total 4EBP1 expression should be considered when examining mechanisms that attenuate protein synthesis during amino acid deficiency states.

Responses in wool growth, liveweight, glutathione and amino acids, in Merino wethers fed increasing amounts of methionine protected from degradation in the rumen

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mata ◽  
DG Masters ◽  
D Buscall ◽  
K Street ◽  
AC Schlink
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Animal House

The aim of the experiments reported was to evaluate the protection from microbial breakdown of two methionine formulations (Lactet and Mepron) and to measure responses in wool production, liveweight, amino acids and glutathione in blood and tissues when one of these forms of methionine (Lactet) was supplied to merino wethers fed at maintenance. Lactet was well protected against microbial breakdown in the rumen. Peak values for concentrations of methionine in plasma, following administration of the different forms of methionine into the rumen, were 574, 148 and 143pmol L-1 for Lactet, DL-methionine and Mepron. Production responses to dosed levels of Lactet (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 g methionine dayw1) were measured over 63 days in the animal house. Significant linear responses were obtained for wool growth (4-38%), fibre diameter (0.5-2 8m) and liveweight gain (30-1 15%). Concentrations of reduced glutathione in blood, liver and skin were increased, at some times during the experiment, by provision of Lactet. However, responses were inconsistent and highly variable among sheep, Glutathione was of limited use as an indicator of sulfur amino acid intake or status. Sulfate in plasma increased markedly at all levels of Lactet intake, and there was a linear relationship between Lactet intake and the concentration of sulfur in wool. Plasma free methionine and the ratio of methionine to total essential amino acids showed significant linear responses to the supplements. It was concluded that Lactet was an effective method of supplying rumen-protected methionine to ruminants.

TOTAL SULFUR AS A SCREENING CRITERION FOR SULFUR AMINO ACIDS IN LEGUMES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
A. J. FINLAYSON ◽  
S. L. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Sulfur Determination ◽  
The Mean

The relationship between total sulfur, determined by two methods, and sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine was investigated in 33 genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), faba beans (Vicia faba L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), and lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.). The Leco Sulfur Analyzer (method 1) gave values for total sulfur in the legumes 29.2–47.6% lower than the gravimetric procedure (method 2). The mean coefficient of variability of method 1 was 36% higher than for method 2. The correlation coefficient between the two methods for the 33 genotypes was +0.42*. The correlation between percent meal protein and percent total sulfur in the legumes was +0.56**. The correlation between percent meal protein and total sulfur expressed as percent of meal protein or g/16 g N was negative (−0.75**). Faba beans, peas and lentils contained, on the average, 48% more cystine than methionine. Except for lentils, the mean total sulfur amino acid content of the legumes was generally similar. The correlation between percent total sulfur and total sulfur amino acid (mmoles/g meal) content of the legumes was +0.69** for peas and +0.46** for all the legumes. There was little or no change in the correlation when total sulfur and total sulfur amino acid data were expressed as percentages of the meal protein. The sulfur in the sulfur amino acids formed between 44.8 and 66.5% of the total meal sulfur. The rest of the sulfur was present in the meal as non-methionine and non-cystine sulfur. Total sulfur determination in the legume species used in the study is a poor indicator of methionine and cystine contents.

Effects of nonsulfur and sulfur amino acids on the regulation of hepatic enzymes of cysteine metabolism

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. E144-E153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Bella ◽  
Christine Hahn ◽  
Martha H. Stipanuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cysteine Dioxygenase ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Cysteine Metabolism ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase

To determine the role of nonsulfur vs. sulfur amino acids in regulation of cysteine metabolism, rats were fed a basal diet or diets supplemented with a mixture of nonsulfur amino acids (AA), sulfur amino acids (SAA), or both for 3 wk. Hepatic cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase (CSDC), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, concentration, and mRNA abundance were measured. Supplementation with AA alone had no effect on any of these measures. Supplementation of the basal diet with SAA, with or without AA, resulted in a higher CDO concentration (32–45 times basal), a lower CSDC mRNA level (49–64% of basal), and a lower GCS-heavy subunit mRNA level (70–76%). The presence of excess SAA and AA together resulted in an additional type of regulation: a lower specific activity of all three enzymes was observed in rats fed diets with an excess of AA and SAA. Both SAA and AA played a role in regulation of these three enzymes of cysteine metabolism, but SAA had the dominant effects, and effects of AA were not observed in the absence of SAA.

scholarly journals Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor activation in the alleviation of intestinal inflammation in a piglet model by dietary aromatic amino acid supplementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongnan Liu ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractCa2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases and strongly prefers aromatic amino acid ligands. We investigated the regulatory effects of dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids – tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine (TPT) – on the CaSR signalling pathway and intestinal inflammatory response. The in vivo study was conducted with weanling piglets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with TPT and with or without inflammatory challenge. The in vitro study was performed in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line to investigate the effects of TPT on inflammatory response using NPS-2143 to inhibit CaSR. Dietary supplementation of TPT alleviated histopathological injury and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in intestine challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Dietary supplementation of TPT decreased serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α), as well as the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestine but enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA levels compared with pigs fed control diet and infected by lipopolysaccharide. Supplementation of TPT increased CaSR and phospholipase Cβ2 protein levels, but decreased inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein levels in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. When the CaSR signalling pathway was blocked by NPS-2143, supplementation of TPT decreased the CaSR protein level, but enhanced phosphorylated NF-κB and IκB levels in IPEC-J2 cells. To conclude, supplementation of aromatic amino acids alleviated intestinal inflammation as mediated through the CaSR signalling pathway.

scholarly journals Glutamine and cystine-enriched diets modulate aquaporins gene expression in the small intestine of piglets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245739
Author(s):  
Inês Vieira da Silva ◽  
Bárbara P. Soares ◽  
Catarina Pimpão ◽  
Rui M. A. Pinto ◽  
Teresa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Glycerol Permeability

The regulation of glycerol permeability in the gastrointestinal tract is crucial to control fat deposition, lipolysis and gluconeogenesis. Knowing that the amino acid glutamine is a physiological regulator of gluconeogenesis, whereas cystine promotes adiposity, herein we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine and cystine on the serum biochemical parameters of piglets fed on amino acid-enriched diets, as well as on the transcriptional profile of membrane water and glycerol channels aquaporins (AQPs) in the ileum portion of the small intestine and its impact on intestinal permeability. Twenty male piglets with an initial body weight of 8.8 ± 0.89 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments (n = 5) and received, during a four week-period, a basal diet without supplementation (control) or supplemented with 8 kg/ton of glutamine (Gln), cystine (Cys) or the combination of the two amino acids in equal proportions (Gln + Cys). Most biochemical parameters were found improved in piglets fed Gln and Cys diet. mRNA levels of AQP3 were found predominant over the others. Both amino acids, individually or combined, were responsible for a consistent downregulation of AQP1, AQP7 and AQP10, without impacting on water permeability. Conversely, Cys enriched diet upregulated AQP3 enhancing basolateral membranes glycerol permeability and downregulating glycerol kinase (GK) of intestinal cells. Altogether, our data reveal that amino acids dietary supplementation can modulate intestinal AQPs expression and unveil AQP3 as a promising target for adipogenesis regulation.

THE EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND ON GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM AMINO ACIDS IN SHEEP

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. B. REILLY ◽  
E. J. H. FORD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Mean Glucose

SUMMARY Primed continuous infusions of tracer amounts of [U-14C]glucose and of [U-14C]labelled mixed amino acids were used to measure plasma glucose and amino acid entry rates and to obtain an index of the incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose by sheep before and 24 h after a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone. Maximum hyperglycaemia occurred 24 h after administration of the steroid, but there was no significant change in arterial amino acid concentration. Mean glucose entry rate was significantly raised 24 h after steroid administration. The rate of incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose also increased significantly. The increases in plasma glucose concentration and in glucose entry confirm the authors' previous results. The results also indicate that a significant proportion of the additional glucose entry is synthesized from amino acid carbon.

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