Forage tree legumes. III. Release of nitrogen from leaf, faeces and urine derived from Leucaena and Gliricidia leaf

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Catchpoole ◽  
DW Catchpoole ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
GJ Blair

The role of tree legume leaf as a green manure in increasing the N status of soils has been widely recognized. An alternative to the direct application of leaf is the feeding of the leaf to animals and using the dung and urine as the N source. This experiment was undertaken to measure the release of N from dried leaf of Leucaena leucocophala cv. Cunningham and Gliricidia sepium and from the dung and urine from goats fed the same leaf. The residue materials were labelled with 15N and either incorporated into the soil or applied onto the surface. ISN released from the residues was measured over a 10-week period by extraction using a grass crop of Panicum maximum cv. Riversdale and measurement of mineral N in the soil. Highest recovery was 89.6% in the leucaena-derived urine incorporated treatment and lowest (< 10%) in the surface-applied faeces treatment of both species. 15N recovery in the grass indicated that leucaena leaf is more resistant to breakdown than gliricidia leaf. These data suggest that careful consideration should be given to the use of leaf litter as an N source. In situations where volatilization of N from excreta can be minimized, such as in cut-and-carry systems, the N economy of the system could be enhanced by including the animal in the N cycle.

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
John S. Hatcher

The Bahá’í teachings simultaneously assert the equality of men and women while advocating in some cases distinct duties according to gender. Since the Bahá’í Faith also teaches that religious convictions should be examined by the “standards of science,” this ostensible paradox invites careful study. At the heart of the response to this query is the Universal House of Justice statement that “equality between men and women does not, indeed physiologically it cannot, mean identity of functions.” To appreciate and to accept this thesis that there can be gender distinction, even insofar as the assignment of fundamental tasks is concerned, without any attendant diminution in the role of women, we must turn to statements in the Bahá’í writings about the complementary relationship between men and women. Through a careful consideration of this principle, we can discover how there can indeed be gender distinction without inequality in status or function.


Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jean Trap ◽  
Patricia Mahafaka Ranoarisoa ◽  
Usman Irshad ◽  
Claude Plassard

Plants evolve complex interactions with diverse soil mutualist organisms to enhance P mobilization from the soil. These strategies are particularly important when P is poorly available. It is still unclear how the soil P source (e.g., mineral P versus recalcitrant organic P) and its mobility in the soil (high or low) affect soil mutualist biological (ectomycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes) richness—plant P acquisition relationships. Using a set of six microcosm experiments conducted in growth chamber across contrasting P situations, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship between the increasing addition of soil mutualist organisms in the rhizosphere of the plant and plant P acquisition depends on P source and mobility. The highest correlation (R2 = 0.70) between plant P acquisition with soil rhizosphere biological richness was found in a high P-sorbing soil amended with an organic P source. In the five other situations, the relationships became significant either in soil conditions, with or without mineral P addition, or when the P source was supplied as organic P in the absence of soil, although with a low correlation coefficient (0.09 < R2 < 0.15). We thus encourage the systematic and careful consideration of the form and mobility of P in the experimental trials that aim to assess the role of biological complexity on plant P nutrition.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jenny Bryan

This article argues that the attribution to Lysias of the erōtikos (230e6–234c5) in Plato's Phaedrus is more significant than has generally been acknowledged. The erōtikos is attributed to Lysias because he is a logographer, whose success is dependent on writing speeches for other people. A careful consideration of both the context and the content of the speech encourage us to consider its relevance to Socrates. By attributing an (underwhelming) attempt at Socratic rhetoric to Lysias, the Phaedrus frames his speech as an example of the potential pitfalls of putting words into Socrates’ mouth. As such, the speech has broader significance for our understanding of what it means to write Socratic logoi.


2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012055
Author(s):  
Adrizal ◽  
Roni Pazla ◽  
Riesi Sriagtula ◽  
Adrinal ◽  
Gusmini

Abstract This study aims to evaluate local forage’s potential and nutritional content in the Payo agro-tourism area of Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to be used as a ruminant feed. This study used a survey method by taking a sample of the forage that grows a lot in the area and then analyzed its nutritional content. The nutritional content analyzed were dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, and phosphorus minerals. At the same time, the TDN value and the extracted material without nitrogen were calculated based on the formula. The results showed that 12 types of forage have the potential as ruminant feed, namely Panicum maximum, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium, Digitaria sp, Centrocema pubescens, Calliandra calothyrsus, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Bidens pilosa, Ipomea triloba, Micania Scandens, Asystasia gangetica, and corn straw. This study shows that Calliandra calothyrsus has the highest crude protein content, and Corn straw contains the lowest crude protein. The highest and lowest TDN values were Gliricidia sepium and Panicum maximum, respectively. Through the linear programming program, these 12 plants can be formulated into 4 ration formulations with 58% TDN and 15-16% crude protein.


MCU Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Andrew Rhodes

American officers considering the role of the sea Services in a future war must understand the history and organizational culture of the Chinese military and consider how these factors shape the Chinese approach to naval strategy and operations. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95 remains a cautionary tale full of salient lessons for future conflict. A review of recent Chinese publications highlights several consistent themes that underpin Chinese thinking about naval strategy. Chinese authors assess that the future requires that China inculcate an awareness of the maritime domain in its people, that it build institutions that can sustain seapower, and that, at the operational level, it actively seeks to contest and gain sea control far from shore. Careful consideration of the Sino-Japanese War can support two priority focus areas from the Commandant’s Planning Guidance: “warfighting” and “education and training.”


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Libby ◽  
Steven E. Salterio

ABSTRACT Management accounting (MA) scholars generally accept that our subject matter requires a multidisciplinary approach. Broadly speaking, there are two main views from different base disciplines about experimental deception: “deception if necessary” (social psychology) and “deception should be banned” (experimental economics). We aim to develop a common understanding within the MA research community about what constitutes deceptive research practice. We review arguments supporting the two main views and analyze the transfer of their norms into MA research. We develop a framework that evaluates the need for and potential consequences of using deception. Our analysis implies careful consideration of the decision to employ deception and case-by-case editorial review of experiments employing deception are necessary. In the long run, the MA research community may consider if an explicit policy on the role of deception in MA research is warranted or whether a case-by-case approach, as advocated by us as an interim measure, is sufficient.


1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
T. Awano ◽  
T. Ichinohe ◽  
T. Fujihara ◽  
J. Nyangaga

Tree legume forages plays an important role in livestock nutrition in many parts of the tropics. One of the commonly used tree species is leucaena. However, the recent infestation of Leucaena leucocephala by the pest Heteropsylla cubana calls for alternative sources of legume forages. Abdulrazak et al. (1997) for instance, showed that Gliricidia sepium could be an alternative, and indicated the need to identify more promising species. Prosopis Juliflora (prosopis) grows in many parts of the tropics, including the arid and semi arid areas of Kenya. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of prosopis fruits (pods with seeds) and leaves as ruminant feed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Hesham Y. Elnazer ◽  
Niruj Agrawal

Behavioural changes associated with epilepsy can be challenging for patients and clinicians. Evidence suggests an association between aggression and epilepsy that involves various neurophysiological and neurochemical disturbances. Anti-epileptics have variable effects on behaviour and cognition that need consideration. Early detection and careful consideration of history, symptomatology and possible common comorbid psychiatric disorders is essential. Appropriate investigations should be considered to aid diagnosis, including electroencephalogram (EEG), video EEG telemetry and brain imaging. Optimising treatment of epilepsy, treatment of psychiatric comorbidities and behavioural management can have a major positive effect on patients' recovery and well-being.Learning Objectives• Understand the epidemiology of aggression in epilepsy• Comprehend the link between anti-epileptics and aggression, including the important role of pharmacodynamics• Be aware of the pharmacological treatments available for managing aggressive behaviour in epilepsy


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