Productivity of three crossbred ewe types mated naturally at 8-monthly intervals over two years

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
WR Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
F Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Lambing Rate

Productivity is reported for 175 Booroola MerinoxPoll Dorset (BD), 288 Trangie Fertility MerinoxPoll Dorset (TD) and 248 Border LeicesterxMerino (BLM) ewes joined three times (February, October and June) in 2 years. Overall joining in February resulted in higher performances (153�3% lambs born, 118�3% lambs weaned, 24.7�0.6 kg weight of lamb weaned, per ewe joined) than were obtained following October and June joinings (129�4% born, 93�3% weaned, 15.3�0.5 kg weight weaned per ewe joined). The mean number of lambings per year was 1.28�0.02 with an annual lambing rate of 211�4% lambs born and 160�3% lambs weaned. For lambs born, BD ewes were consistently higher than the other ewes, with BLM ewes having fewer lambs born from October and June joinings (P < 0.01). From the October joining, TD ewes had a higher weaning rate than BD ewes which were higher than BLM ewes (P < 0.01), but ewe type was not significant for the other two joinings. Over the three joinings there were no differences between the ewe types in the number of lambings per year or percentage of lambs weaned, but BD had more lambs born (239� 7%) than TD (212�5%) and BLM (181�5%). Analyses of the components of reproduction that contributed to overall lamb production showed that although more than 95% of ewes expressed oestrus in each season, fertility and litter size were higher from the February joining, while lamb survival was lower following the June joining. Ewe crossbred type was significant (P < 0.01) for litter size in all seasons. Litter size for BD ewes was 1.9 to 2.0, and for TD ewes was 1.6 to 1.7 at all seasons, while that for BLM ewes was 1.7 from February and 1.2 and 1.4 from October and June joinings respectively. The effects of ewe liveweight at joining and liveweight gain over joining were variable over the three joinings, but were generally small. BD ewes carrying the F gene tended to have a higher percentage of lambs born and lower percentage of lambs weaned than non-carriers. There was also a decline in lamb production, especially fertility and lamb survival, with ewe age among BD and TD ewes. Implications for production systems in the lamb industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Production systems of swine in the rural areas of Rangamati and Khagrachari districts of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
S Chakma ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
MY Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Mean

The study was undertaken for a period of 60 days to investigate the production systems of swine in Rangamati and Khagrachari districts, Bangladesh. Production systems, particularly housing, feeding, breeding, disease prevalence, vaccination, bio-security, marketing, socio-economic condition and constraints of pig production were investigated during the study period. It was found that the propensity of rearing pig differed significantly (P<0.01) among the pig owners. Pigs were reared mostly by poor and landless peoples (54.7%) followed by marginal (32.1%), medium (9.4%) and large (3.8%). Rearing systems were also different (P<0.01) and the mean figures were 43.4% for free range, 24.5% for tin shed housing , 20.8% for fencing and 11.3% for girth tethering systems. The average litter size, birth weight, post-weaning weight and weaning period were 9.3, 1.72 kg, 9.0 kg and 40.8 days respectively. Prevalence of diseases differed (P<0.01) and most prevalent diseases were diarrhea (35.8%), coccidiosis (20.8%), pneumonia (17.0%) and hemorrhagic septicemia (13.2%). The economic benefits generated from farming were selling of piglets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10787Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 28-33

scholarly journals ‘Heterosis’ in litter size of chimaeric mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mikami ◽  
Akira Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Genotype ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYAggregation chimaeras were made from embryos of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Chimaeric and control females were mated with ICR males at 8 weeks of age and their litter sizes were evaluated over a 5-month period after the first mating. Progeny tests showed that 18 of 27 chimaeras produced oocytes of both genotypes. The mean litter sizes of C57BL/6, BALB/c and their F1 crosses (C57BL/6 × BALB/c and BALB/c × C57BL/6) were 8·14, 9·36, 13·38 and 13·40, respectively. The mean for chimaeras was 11·54 and chimaeric heterosis was evident, but it was not as much as heterosis in the F1 When the chimaeras were classified into the mixed and single-genotype progeny chimaeras, chimaeric heterosis was observed only in the mixed-progeny chimaeras. Quantitative GPI analyses in ten organs showed that the degree of chimaerism in the mixed-genotype progeny chimaeras was higher than that in most of the single-genotype progeny chimaeras and that the degree of chimaerism in the ovaries was positively correlated with litter size in the mixed-genotype progeny chimaeras. On the other hand, such correlation was not observed in the single-genotype progeny chimaeras.

scholarly journals Preliminary results from breeding experiments with Finnsheep in Poland

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
S. Jankowski ◽  
R. Niznikowski ◽  
Z. Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Lambing Rate

Polish Lowland (PL) ewes were mated to Finnsheep x East Friesian (EF) F1 rams to create a synthetic dam line (66), and to Polish Heath x EF F1 rams to create another synthetic dam line (77). Performance of both groups were recorded and compared to purebred PL (88). The numbers of animals in the composite lines were too small for statistical analyses and conclusive results. Contrary to expectations line 77 excelled line 88 in lambing rate by 3 %, while line 66 was inferior to it. In litter size, both composite lines slightly excelled line 88. Line 66 excelled line 88 in lamb survival, while line 77 was a little inferior to it. In fleece weights, line 66 was equal with line 88, but line 77 lagged 24 % behind. Both of the composite lines excelled line 88 in daily gain by 10 %, being rather similar to each other.

Interaction of Tillage and Cultivars in Peanut Production Systems1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Olin D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Blight Disease

Abstract Two Spanish peanut cultivars (SN 55–437 and Tamnut 74), two Spanish germplasm lines (TxAG-4 and TxAG-5) with partial resistance to Pythium myriotylum and Sclerotinia minor, and one early maturing runner-type cultivar (Langley) were compared for three years under nonirrigated conventional-tilled, reduced-tilled, and no-tilled culture. Yield, percentage sound mature kernels + sound splits (SMK+SS), and southern blight disease comparisons were made to ascertain if certain cultivars or genotypes would be beneficial to peanut production under reduced-tilled systems. Tillage x genotype interactions were not statistically different. When the yields and percentage SMK+SS for no-tilled entries were averaged, it was found that they were lower than the other tillage systems one out of the three years. Neither southern blight nor pod disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, were yield-limiting factors in any of the production systems. However, genotypic differences were apparent for yield and percentage SMK+SS; TxAG-4 was consistently among the best yield performers, while the yield of SN 55–437 was consistently low. Tamnut 74 and TxAG-4 produced lower percentage SMK+SS than the other entries in two of the three years of the test.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BOOROOLA × FINNISH LANDRACE AND BOOROOLA × SUFFOLK EWE LAMBS, HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE F GENE, AND GROWTH TRAITS OF THEIR THREE-WAY CROSS LAMBS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CASTONGUAY ◽  
F. MINVIELLE ◽  
J. J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Reproductive performance of Booroola × Finnish Landrace (BFL, n = 19) and Booroola × Suffolk (BS, n = 18) ewe lambs heterozygous for the F gene were compared to Finnish Landrace (FL, n = 14) and Suffolk (S, n = 26) purebred controls. FL lambs reached puberty earlier (211.3 d, P < 0.001) than the other genetic groups (237.8, 233.0 and 232.9 d for S, BS and BFL, respectively) whereas weight at puberty was lower (P < 0.001) for BFL, FL and BS (36.8, 36.7 and 47.0 kg, respectively) than for S (61.1 kg). About 95% of BFL and BS ewe lambs had at least one record of three ovulations or more over the first three estruses, including puberty. Mean ovulation rates at breeding (second estrus after puberty) to a Hampshire (H) ram were 3.8, 3.3, 2.2 and 1.7 for BFL, BS, FL and S, respectively (BFL and BS vs. FL and S, P < 0.001). The corresponding litter sizes at birth were 2.5, 2.1, 1.6 and 1.3 (BFL and BS vs. FL and S, P < 0.001) which reflected a higher embryonic loss in the Booroola crosses. Percentage ova loss ranged between 32.8% (BFL) and 12.8% (S) and was related to the level of prolificacy. Lamb mortality at birth was high in BFL (23.7%) compared to BS, FL and S (6.5, 0.0 and 0.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Litter size at weaning (50 d of age) averaged 1.9, 1.8, 1.5 and 1.3 for BS, BFL, FL and S ewe lambs (BS vs. S, P < 0.02). Growth performance of H-sired progeny from the four genetic groups of ewes showed that H × S lambs had the highest average daily gain in both preweaning and postweaning periods (preweaning ADG: 349.9 g d−1; postweaning ADG: 332.1 g d−1) while the other genotypes of lambs performed equally (preweaning ADG: 267.4, 249.5 and 246.8 g d−1 for H × FL, H × BFL and H × BS, respectively; postweaning ADG: 281.2, 276.8 and 281.8 g d−1 for the same genetic groups). Overall productivity of ewe lambs in terms of kilograms of lamb produced showed a slight, nonsignificant, advantage for Booroola-cross ewe lambs (55.8 and 54.5 kg for BS and BFL) over purebred S (51.6 kg) and FL (44.9 kg). These results indicate that ovulation rate and litter size can be increased by incorporating F gene in both prolific (FL) and nonprolific (S) background genotypes without resulting in any significant difference in total weight of lamb produced per ewe. Key words: Sheep, ewe productivity, Booroola, ovulation rate, crossbreeding

Estimation of heterosis in Merino × Corriedale crosses with sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Iwan ◽  
BC Jeffries ◽  
HN Turner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lamb Survival

Reproduction rate data (lambs born, lamb survival rate, and lamb body weight) are presented for purebred Merino and Corriedale ewes and their reciprocal crosses. The four breeds were born in each of two years (1961 and 1962) and mated in each of two years (1963 and 1964, 1964 and 1966) to Dorset Horn rams. Heterosis was estimated as the superiority of the mean of the crossbreds over the mean of the purebreds, expressed as a percentage of the latter. The heterotic effect for lambs born per ewe joined was 1.9 % in 2-year-old ewes and 5.3 % in adults, the corresponding figures for lamb survival being 3.5 and 1.4 % for single-born, 17.2 and 12.0% for twin-born lambs. For mean age-corrected lamb body weight, 2-year-old ewes showed a heterotic effect of 3.7 % and adult ewes 2.0 %, while for pounds of lamb weaned per ewe joined the figures were 11.3 and 10.2%. Although some heterosis was exhibited, the mean of the crossbreds seldom exceeded that of the superior parent (the Corriedale), and there were sometimes differences between the reciprocal crosses, the Corriedale x Merino cross being superior in performance to the other. The potential for exploiting this degree of heterosis in reproduction rate cannot be assessed until the corresponding wool data have been analysed. In reproduction rate, the Corriedale was superior to the Merino, but again a final conclusion about their merits must await results on wool data.

scholarly journals Reproductive lifespan in irradiated and unirradiated chromosomally XO mice

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Lyon ◽  
Susan G. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human And Mouse

SUMMARYLifetime reproductive performance was studied in 50 sib-pairs of female mice, one member of each pair chromosomally XX and the other XO. Twenty-five pairs were irradiated with 25 rad X-rays at 10 days of age and 25 were unirradiated. In both the irradiated and control series the XO mice had a significantly shorter reproductive life than the XX ones, but unirradiated XO bred longer than irradiated XX. The median age of unirradiated XO at birth of last litter was 280 days and they had 6·5 ± 0·80 litters, whereas for XX the figures were 420days and 12·6 ± 0·74. The mean litter-size of XO mice was only about 55% and their lifetime productivity 34% of that of their XX sibs. Similarly, the lifetime productivity of irradiated XX females was only 31% of that of unirradiated XX. Histological studies showed that in the unirradiated XO mice reproduction ended through shortage of oocytes, and the resulting secondary ovarian changes were similar to those in irradiated mice. Thus, the differences between human and mouse XO types are to some extent reconciled. Both become sterile through death of oocytes, in humans before puberty and in mice after. This difference may be connected with different times from oogenesis to puberty in the two species.

THE INHERITANCE OF LITTER SIZE, BODY WEIGHT, AND VARIABILITY, IN A CROSS BETWEEN TWO INBRED STRAINS OF MICE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
The Mean

Crosses were made between the two inbred lines, C57BL and BALB, and the effects of maternity and genotype on litter size, survival, 30- and 60-day weights, and their variances were assessed. The maternal effect of BALB reduced litter size by.78 to 1.91 when compared with reciprocal crosses of identical genotype. No maternal effect was found for C57; neither did the genotype of the young have any effect on the litter size borne by mothers of this strain. There was a significant increase (2.26 ±.67) in litter size when BALB females produced hybrid instead of inbred young. This was not the result of hybrid males being more prolific, because BALB males mated to non-BALB females produced the largest litters in this experiment. The cross F1 × F1 produced the largest mean litter size. A change in ration affected the litter size when BALB was the mother, but not when C57 was the mother. Fox chow plus linseed produced more young than any of the other three diets.There were no significant differences in the weights of males of any of the generations at 30 days, but the F1 females borne in C57 mothers were larger than the females of other generations, and it appears that the C57 female exerts a maternal effect which causes the female young to mature earlier. The data indicate that the mother exerts the greatest influence on 30-day weights, the genotype of the young having little or no effect. The F1 female has the greatest maternal effect: she increases the 30-day weight by 10–20%.At 60 days the F1 mouse was 15% larger than the corresponding inbred borne in the same female. The mean weights of the F1 and F2 were the same, but the backcrosses were 10% lighter.The variance at 30 days was larger than the corresponding variance at 60 days, and 90% of the variance was in the between-litters component. At 30 days the largest variances were found in the P1, F1, and B.C. generations, while the smallest was found in the F2 indicating that much of the variability was the result of the maternal environment. At 60 days the variances for all generations were essentially the same.MacArthur's large and small strains, which had been produced by 30 generations of selection with only moderate inbreeding, were carried through 20 generations of brother × sister mating. This inbreeding brought about a decrease in the weight of the large line, and an increase in the weights of the small strain. The former may be attributed to the loss of the heterozygotic effect on size, while the latter may be the result of natural counterselection; the smallest mice had few or no young.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

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