scholarly journals Trans-Aconitate Utilization by Sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Kennady
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Urinary Citrate ◽  
Cis And Trans

Sheep fed diets containing 3�5 and 7� 0% trans�aconitate on a dry weight basis for 5 days appeared normal and maintained normal levels of blood citrate, ketones, and aconitate, but showed large increases in urinary citrate. Calcium and magnesium levels in plasma and urine were not substantially modified. When trans-aconitate was placed in the rumen it disappeared rapidly but did not increase the concentration of rumen volatile fatty acids; blood and urinary aconitate values remained low. trans-Aconitate did not inhibit the fermentation of soluble substrates by rumen microorganisms in vitro. Both cis- and trans-aconitate were fermented slowly.

TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHESIS FROM SERINE BY RUMEN MICROORGANISMS IN VITRO

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH CANDLISH ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
L. J. LaCROIX
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Biosynthesis of tryptophan by rumen microorganisms was investigated using the continuous-flow artificial rumen apparatus, L-Serine-14C (U) was incubated with rumen microorganisms. Most of the serine was rapidly metabolized to volatile fatty acids. The synthesis of tryptophan was indicated by detection of label in the tryptophan area of the thin-layer chromatograms following column chromatography of saline and rumen liquor. Although labelled serine was utilized in synthesis of tryptophan, the proportion of tryptophan containing label was about 0.0001%.

scholarly journals RUMEN MICROBIAL ADAPTATION TO FIBER DIGESTION IN SVALBARD REINDEER

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEIN DISCH MATHIESEN ◽  
ARNOLDUS SCHYTTE BLIX ◽  
COLIN G. ORPIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer

The dominant rumen microorganisms of the high-arctic reindeer from Svalbard (77–81°N) were characterized in summer and winter. Their in vitro fiber digesting ability and VFA production have been examined. It was determined that 74% of the bacteria isolated from animals shot in winter could digest fiber, and 30% in summer. Key words: Arctic, protozoa, bacteria, volatile fatty acids

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Olinda Guerreiro ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Maria F. Duarte ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

scholarly journals Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mucosal Side ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

Chemical Additives in Rumen Fermentations: In Vitro Effects of Various Drugs on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozoa

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. O'Connor ◽  
G. S. Myers ◽  
D. C. Maplesden ◽  
G. W. Vander Noot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
In Vitro Effects

scholarly journals Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Chunlong Liu ◽  
Shuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

Avian cecum: role of glucose and volatile fatty acids in transepithelial ion transport

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. G703-G710 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Cl Secretion ◽  
Mucosal Side

In the fowl cecum in vitro, the influence of glucose and the three most prevalent naturally occurring volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate) on short-circuit current (Isc), electrical resistance, and transport of Na and Cl was determined. When glucose, acetate, or butyrate was present, ion transport was characterized by electrogenic Na absorption, greater than 65% of which was amiloride inhibitable, and Cl secretion, which also was electrogenic. Isc could be completely accounted for by net fluxes of Na and Cl. When glucose, acetate, or butyrate (10 mM both sides) was included in the incubation medium, cecal tissue maintained its Isc and a constant rate of net Na absorption and Cl secretion for a 5-h period. When no substrate was present or propionate was included in the medium, a marked fall in Isc and net Na and Cl fluxes was seen. Glucose caused an increase in Isc when added only to the serosal side. As 3-O-methylglucose (not metabolized) was not effective in stimulating Isc of the cecum (serosal or mucosal addition), it appeared that glucose increased Isc by acting as an energy substrate for active Na transport. Acetate and butyrate appeared to be equally effective in stimulating Na transport and Isc when placed on either side of the membrane. When the preparation was supplied with glucose (serosal side) and acetate was added to the mucosal side, no further stimulation of Isc occurred. Thus it appeared that acetate and butyrate were acting as substrates for active Na transport rather than stimulating Na transport by some other mechanism such as a cotransport with Na.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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