scholarly journals Relative Value for Wool Growth and Nitrogen Retention of Several Protein Administered as Abomasal Supplements to Sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
WF Colebrook ◽  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Egg Protein ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Whole Egg

Supplements (supplying c. 100 g protein per day) of whole egg protein, egg albumen, maize gluten, and gelatin were given to sheep via the abomasum and the effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were compared with those of casein.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Abomasal Supplements of Proteins and Amino Acids by Sheep With Special Reference to Wool. Growth

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
WF Colebrook
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Egg Protein ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Whole Egg

Proteins of different amino acid composition (Promine-D, wheat gluten, and zein) were given as abomasal infusions to sheep and effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were compared with those of casein. These results were considered together with earlier data obtained for whole egg protein, egg albumen, maize gluten, and gelatin. The nutritive value of bloodmeal supplements was also studied. In addition the effects on wool growth of adding lysine and tryptophan to zein, and of adding leucine to casein, were examined.

Evaluation of formaldehyde-treated casein for wool growth and nitrogen retention

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
DA Tunks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Wool Growth

Four sheep were given three types of casein supplements (all providing c. 16 g nitrogen per day) and the effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were measured. The supplements were untreated casein in the diet, untreated casein per abomasum, and formaldehyde-treated casein in the diet. Untreated casein in the diet was inferior to the other casein supplements for all parameters studied. Formaldehyde-treated casein and casein per abomasum were of similar nutritional value. The average increase in wool growth rate above the basal rate was 62% for both types of supplement; nitrogen retained was about 3 g/day, of which more than half was in wool. The treated casein was 90% digestible.

scholarly journals Altering Developmental Trajectories in Mice by Restricted Index Selection

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
William R Atchley ◽  
Shizhong Xu ◽  
David E Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Rate Of Development

A restricted index selection experiment on mice was carried out for 14 generations on rate of early postnatal development (growth rate from birth to 10 days of age) vs. rate of development much later in ontogeny (growth rate from 28 to 56 days of age). Early rate of development (E) approximates hyperplasia (changes in cell number) and later rate (L) reflects hypertropy (changes in cell size). The selection criteria were as follows: E+L0 was selected to increase early body weight gain while holding late body weight gain constant; E–L0 was selected to decrease early body gain while holding late gain constant; E0L+ was selected to increase late gain holding early gain constant; and E0L– was selected to decrease late gain holding early gain constant. After 14 generations of selection, significant divergence among lines has occurred and the changes in the growth trajectories are very close to expectation. The genetic and developmental bases of complex traits are discussed as well as the concept of developmental homoplasy.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

Effect of abomasal infusions of methionine, casein, and starch plus methionine on the wool production of Merino wethers fed on lucerne or wheaten chaff

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Merino wethers received daily abomasal infusions of (a) 2.6 g DL-methionine, (b) 80 g casein protein or (c) 2.6 g DL-methionine plus 87 g maize starch, while consuming either lucerne chaff or wheaten chaff. Responses in wool growth, nitrogen metabolism and body weight were measured. Sheep fed on lucerne chaff had a higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention than those fed on wheaten chaff regardless of the presence or type of infusion. The infusion of methionine did not markedly alter these parameters from their original levels on either diet. On both diets, casein infusion led to increased urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Compared with sheep given starch plus methionine infusions, those given casein had higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Changes in fleece-free body weight gain followed a similar pattern. There were no pronounced differences in faecal nitrogen excretion. Regardless of the presence or type of infusion, sheep fed on lucerne grew more wool than those on wheaten chaff. On both diets, all infusions were accompanied by higher wool growths than on the basal diet alone. The effect of the casein infusion, compared with methionine infusion, was apparent only in sheep on wheaten chaff. Wool growth rates in sheep infused with starch plus methionine were not higher than the rates in the same sheep infused with methionine alone. The results suggest that the wool production of sheep will show a greater response to abomasal supplements of sulphur amino acids or casein if they are consuming a high quality diet such as lucerne chaff, compared with a low quality diet such as wheaten chaff. The apparent failure of starch infusion to stimulate wool growth above the level obtained with methionine infusions alone is discussed in relation to the interaction of protein and energy in the growth of wool.

PROTEIN STORAGE OF PIGS IN THE ABSENCE OF BODY WEIGHT GAIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Protein Storage ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Maximum Retention

Five- to six-month-old pigs were maintained at constant weight for 6-week periods on rations containing 16, 26 and 33 per cent protein. Results of 72 7-day nitrogen balance trials showed that pigs could retain up to 6.5 grams of nitrogen per day for 6 weeks. Highest nitrogen retention was obtained on the 26 and 33 per cent protein rations with little difference between the maximum retention figures at either level. A preliminary carbon-nitrogen balance indicated that there was little change in the fat stores of the pigs.

Effects of glucocorticoid on body growth and serum levels of somatomedin A in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Asakawa ◽  
Kazue Takano ◽  
Megumi Kogawa ◽  
Yoko Hasumi ◽  
Kazuo Shizume
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Serum levels of somatomedin A, as measured by radioreceptor assay, and body weight gain were 86.5 ± 9.2% and 166.9 ± 7.8% (N = 5) of the initial values, respectively, after 18 days administration of 2.5 mg cortisone acetate (CA). These values were significantly lower than those for saline treated rats (P < 0.005). Reduced serum somatomedin A and body growth rate were partially restored after halting the injection of CA. Combined administration of daily doses of 100 μg hGH with CA did not prevent the decrease in somatomedin activity in treated rats. This observation suggests that GH plays a minor (or no) role in the fall of serum somatomedin A in CA-treated rats. From these data we conclude that glucocorticoids reduce serum somatomedin by inhibiting the effect of GH on the generation of somatomedin.

scholarly journals Dietary Whole Egg Reduces Body Weight Gain in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1766-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassondra J Saande ◽  
Joseph L Webb ◽  
Paige E Curry ◽  
Matthew J Rowling ◽  
Kevin L Schalinske
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽  
Zdf Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Whole Egg

ABSTRACT Background We previously reported that a whole-egg–based diet attenuated weight gain in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and more effectively maintained vitamin D status than an equivalent amount of supplemental cholecalciferol. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the lowest dose of whole egg effective at maintaining vitamin D homeostasis and attenuating the obese phenotype in T2D rats. Methods Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (n = 40; age 6 wk; prediabetic) and their lean controls (n = 40; age 6 wk) were randomly assigned to a diet containing 20% casein (CAS) or 20%, 10%, 5%, or 2.5% protein from whole egg (20% EGG, 10% EGG, 5% EGG, and 2.5% EGG, respectively). All diets contained 20% total protein (wt:wt). All rats received their respective diets for 8 wk, at a stage of growth and development that translates to adolescence in humans, until 14 wk of age, a point at which ZDF rats exhibit overt T2D. Weight gain was measured 5 d/wk, and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by ELISA. Mean values were compared by 2-factor ANOVA. Results The 20% EGG diet maintained serum 25(OH)D at 30 nmol/L in ZDF rats, whereas the 10%, 5%, and 2.5% EGG diets did not prevent insufficiency, resulting in mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 24 nmol/L in ZDF rats. Body weight gain was reduced by 29% (P &lt; 0.001) and 31% (P &lt; 0.001) in ZDF rats consuming 20% and 10% EGG diets, respectively, and by 16% (P = 0.004) and 12% (P = 0.030) in ZDF rats consuming 5% and 2.5% EGG diets, respectively, compared with CAS. Conclusions Whole-egg–based diets exerted a dose-dependent response with respect to attenuating weight gain. These data could support dietary recommendations aimed at body weight management in individuals predisposed to obesity and T2D.

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