scholarly journals Bacteria Associated with some Dacus Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their Host Fruit in Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Lloyd ◽  
RAI Drew ◽  
DS Teakle ◽  
AC Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Solanum Mauritianum ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Over a period of 18 months the bacteria associated with approximately 70 adult flies of four Dacus species were isolated and identified. The flies were D. tryoni (Froggatt) and D. neohumeralis Hardy from guava (Psidium guajava L.), mulberry (Morus nigra L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], D. cacuminatus (Hering) from wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum Scop.), and D. musae (Tryon) from banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), and were collected in the field when these host plants were fruiting. All flies examined were surface-sterilized prior to aseptic dissection in which crop and mid-gut (stomach) or oesophageal bulbs were removed for culturing. Bacteria were also isolated from faeces of field-collected flies, as well as from host fruit surfaces, oviposition sites and larvae-infested tissue in host fruit. The predominant bacteria found in the alimentary tract of flies and in associated fruit specimens were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella oxytoca, Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently isolated species, with Serratia spp., Citrobacter jreundii, Proteus spp., Providencia rettgeri and Escherichia coli, being found less frequently. No one bacterial species was found to be consistently associated with anyone fly species. The bacterial species found most frequently in the alimentary tract were also found in large numbers on the surfaces of host fruit and in stung fruit.

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria Are Associated with Cranberry Stem Gall

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Vasanthakumar ◽  
Patricia S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cranberry stem gall is characterized by tumors that girdle stems, thereby killing all distal leaves, flowers, and fruit. Among bacteria isolated from galls, all 11 isolates that were identified as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae caused galls on 50 to 100% of micropropagated cranberry plants that were inoculated. Four of fifteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. caused galls on 10 to 83% of plants inoculated. Twelve of fifteen isolates identified as either Agrobacterium spp. or Rhizobium spp. caused galls on 10 to 50% of plants inoculated, but the galls were smaller than those caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp. There was a positive correlation between the ability of bacteria to produce IAA in vitro and cause galls. In 2002 and 2003, bacteria were isolated from plant and soil samples collected from beds where stem gall had been observed in the past 2 years and beds where stem gall had never been observed. IAA-producing bacteria were common in all samples, although trends were different across years. The results of this study support the hypothesis that IAA-producing bacteria cause cranberry stem gall and suggest that rather than one bacterial species being the cause, multiple strains of bacteria that produce IAA may be responsible for gall formation.

scholarly journals A Review of the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Antibacterial Potential of Psidium guajava

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2506-2514
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Important Drug ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Psidium guajava is a tropical evergreen tree. It belongs to the family Myrtaceae that consists of about 133 genera and approximately 3800 species worldwide. This plant is mainly found in South Africa, North Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. Psidium guajava is mainly a nutritional plant, but it also shows various biological activities. An array of bioactive constituents, viz; glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, amino acids, anthraquinones, proteins, flavonoids, and phenols, etc. have been isolated from Psidium guajava. These phytochemicals are well known for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, etc. The present work has been performed to gather data about the traditional uses, important phytochemicals, and antibacterial efficiency of Psidium guajava. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated its antibacterial potential against various important drug resistive pathogens. We invite researchers' attention to carry out detailed antibacterial studies on this valuable plant species to provide reliable knowledge to the patients and discover more novel compounds for the development of new drugs with fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines.

An Interesting Attractant for Priacma serrata (Lee), (Cupesidae: Coleoptera)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Rotting Wood ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Trinity

On the warm morning of May 27, 1956 at the Trinity Valley field station near Lumby, B.C., some laundry hanging out to dry attracted large numbers of a strange Cerambycid-like beetle. Closer examination showed this insect to be Priacma serrata (Lec.) of the family Cupesidae (Fig. 1), an interesting and infrequently collected species.The family Cupesidae seems to have no economic importance, having only two genera and five species in North America that have been described (Blatchley, 1910). The larvae are reported to live in rotten wood; dissection of some adults collected at this time produced an entirely empty and deflated gut. The females and larvae of the closely related Micromalthus debilis Lec. are found in rotting wood in North America and were reported from decaying mine timbers far under ground in Johannesburg.

Materials and methods.

2022 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Large numbers of dacine specimens were collected throughout Papua New Guinea by trapping and host fruit sampling. Steinertype fruit fly traps, baited with cue lure, methyl eugenol or vanillylacetone (zingerone), were set in many localities over a wide range of ecosystems. In most cases, the traps were serviced on 2-week cycles for at least 1 year. Samples of rainforest and cultivated fruits were collected in some provinces. All specimens collected were preserved in a dry state and sent to R.A.I. Drew at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, for microscopic identification and curation. Data and photographs of Bactrocera longicornis were received from the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. The subgeneric classification used herein follows Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019).

A duplex ddPCR assay for simultaneously detecting Ips sexdentatus and Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in bulk trap samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida A. Zink ◽  
Luke R. Tembrock ◽  
Alicia E. Timm ◽  
Todd M. Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ips Sexdentatus

Bark beetles in the family Curculionidae present a growing hazard to forests worldwide. Like native bark beetles, introduced exotic species can pose a serious threat to North American forests. Ips typographus (Boerner) and Ips sexdentatus (Linnaeus), both native to Europe, are two such pests that have caused widespread forest loss in their native ranges. International trade has led to increased interceptions of Scolytine beetles at ports of entry to the United States. Most intercepted individuals are not identified to species due to lack of expert identifiers, poor specimen quality, or incomplete taxonomy. These same problems affect identification for domestic surveys. Therefore, development of molecular methods for identification of potentially invasive Ips species is essential. Because of the need to scrutinize large numbers of beetles in an efficient manner, we describe a duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to identify I. typographus and I. sexdentatus simultaneously in bulk trap samples containing 500 Scolytinae specimens using a scalable, two-step DNA extraction. This ddPCR method is highly effective for processing the entire contents of beetle traps and identifying these potentially invasive species in a timely and definitive manner. We also describe a nondestructive DNA extraction technique that preserves specimens for morphological identification.

scholarly journals New Genus Fibralongavirus in Siphoviridae Phages of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Michal Zeman ◽  
Pavol Bárdy ◽  
Veronika Vrbovská ◽  
Pavel Roudnický ◽  
Zbyněk Zdráhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Global Alignment ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomical Classification

Bacteriophages of the significant veterinary pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are rarely described morphologically and genomically in detail, and mostly include phages of the Siphoviridae family. There is currently no taxonomical classification for phages of this bacterial species. Here we describe a new phage designated vB_SpsS_QT1, which is related to phage 2638A originally described as a Staphylococcus aureus phage. Propagating strain S. aureus 2854 of the latter was reclassified by rpoB gene sequencing as S. pseudintermedius 2854 in this work. Both phages have a narrow but different host range determined on 54 strains. Morphologically, both of them belong to the family Siphoviridae, share the B1 morphotype, and differ from other staphylococcal phage genera by a single long fibre at the terminus of the tail. The complete genome of phage vB_SpsS_QT1 was sequenced with the IonTorrent platform and expertly annotated. Its linear genome with cohesive ends is 43,029 bp long and encodes 60 predicted genes with the typical modular structure of staphylococcal siphophages. A global alignment found the genomes of vB_SpsS_QT1 and 2638A to share 84% nucleotide identity, but they have no significant similarity of nucleotide sequences with other phage genomes available in public databases. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses, a novel genus Fibralongavirus in the family Siphoviridae is described with phage species vB_SpsS_QT1 and 2638A.

scholarly journals A Multispecies Cluster of VIM-1 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Linked by a Novel, Highly Conjugative, and Broad-Host-Range IncA Plasmid Forebodes the Reemergence of VIM-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Arcari ◽  
Federica Maria Di Lella ◽  
Giulia Bibbolino ◽  
Fabio Mengoni ◽  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated VIM-1-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae strains, isolated in 2019 during a period of active surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a large university hospital in Italy. VIM-1-producing strains colonized the gut of patients, with up to three different VIM-1-positive bacterial species isolated from a single rectal swab, but also caused bloodstream infection in one colonized patient. In the multispecies cluster, blaVIM-1 was identified in a 5-gene cassette class 1 integron, associated with several genetic determinants, including the blaSHV-12, qnrS1, and mph(A) genes, located on a highly conjugative and broad-host-range IncA plasmid. The characteristics and origin of this IncA plasmid were studied.

scholarly journals Caracterização taxonômica, novos registros de distribuição e de hospedeiros de Anastrepha turpiniae Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae), no Brasil

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton L. Araujo ◽  
Valquíria R. S. Veloso ◽  
Francisco M. Souza Filho ◽  
Roberto A. Zucchi
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Syzygium Jambos

O ápice do acúleo de A. turpiniae Stone é muito semelhante ao de A. fraterculus (Wied.) e de A. zenildae Zucchi. Conseqüentemente, A. turpiniae pode ser confundida com essas duas espécies. Entretanto, A. turpiniae difere de A. fraterculus e de A. zenildae por possuir o ápice do acúleo mais delgado. Além disso, o ápice do acúleo de A. turpiniae é mais longo do que o de A. fraterculus e a serra é mais curta do que a de A. zenildae. Anastrepha turpiniae já havia sido registrada no Estado de Minas Gerais (hospedeiro desconhecido). Novos registros de distribuição e de hospedeiros apresentados são: Estado do Amazonas (em Terminalis catappa), Estado de Goiás (em T. catappa e Andira humilis) e Estado de São Paulo (em Eugenia dodoneifolia, Psidium guajava, Prunus persica e Syzygium jambos).

Towards a Postpatriarchal Family

1998 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Political Responsibility ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Familial Relations ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

Ours is a time of dramatic and confusing transformations in everyday life, many of them originating in the social enfranchisement of women that has occurred over the past twenty-five years. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild demonstrates a widespread phenomenon of work-family imbalance in our society, experienced by people in terms of a time bind, and a devaluation of familial relationships. As large numbers of women have moved into the workplace, familial relations of all sorts have been colonized by what Virginia Held critically refers to as the contractual paradigm. Even the mother/child relationship, representing for Held an alternative feminist paradigm of selfhood and agency, has been in large part "outsourced." I believe that an Arendtian conception of speech and action might enable us to assert anew the grounds for familial relations. If we require a new site upon which to address our human plurality and natality, the postpatriarchal family may provide that new site upon which individuals can freely act to recreate the fabric of human relationships. It would seem to be our moral and political responsibility as social philosophers today to speculatively contribute to the difficult yet imperative task of reconfiguring the family. In this paper, I attempt to articulate the basic assumptions from which such a reconfiguration must begin.

Dominant symbiotic bacteria associated with wild medfly populations reveal a bacteriocin-like killing phenotype: a ‘cold-case’ study

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Silvia Ciolfi ◽  
Laura Marri
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations

AbstractThe gut of the agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata hosts a varied community of bacteria, mainly Enterobacteriaceae, that were implicated in several processes that increase the fitness of the insect. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic activity in vitro of Klebsiella oxytoca strains isolated in the 1990s from the alimentary tract of wild medflies collected from different varieties of fruit trees at diverse localities. Assays were carried out against reference strains (representative of Gram-negative and -positive bacterial species) of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Eight Klebsiella, out of 11, expressed a killing activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 23739, and Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047; among the eight strains, at least one showed activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 23853. Genomic DNA derived from all Klebsiella strains was then subjected to PCR amplification using specific primer pairs designed from each of the four bacteriocin (KlebB, C, D, CCL) sequences found so far in Klebsiella. KlebD primer pairs were the only to produce a single product for all strains expressing the killing phenotype in vitro. One of the amplicons was cloned and sequenced; the DNA sequence shows 93% identity with a plasmid-carried colicin-D gene of a strain of Klebsiella michiganensis, and 86% identity with the sequence encoding for the klebicin D activity protein in K. oxytoca. Our work provides the first evidence that dominant symbiotic bacteria associated with wild medfly populations express a killing phenotype that may mediate inter and intraspecies competition among bacterial populations in the insect gut in vivo.

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