A putative hybrid of Eucalyptus largiflorens growing on salt- and drought-affected floodplains has reduced specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia R. Koerber ◽  
Jack V. Seekamp ◽  
Peter A. Anderson ◽  
Molly A. Whalen ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Ambient Co2 ◽  
Green Box

A putative hybrid between Eucalyptus largiflorens F.Muell. and Eucalyptus gracilis F.Muell., called green box, has attracted attention for its ability to grow on the salt- and drought-affected Chowilla floodplain of the Murray River in South Australia. Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and the ratio of substomatal to ambient CO2 (ci/ca) indicated that green box was not as water use efficient as E. largiflorens. Specific leaf area of green box and E. gracilis was significantly lower compared with E. largiflorens (38.38 and 36.96 versus 43.71 cm2 g–1). Leaf nitrogen for green box and E. gracilis was significantly lower compared with E. largiflorens (12.66 and 11.35 versus 15.07 mg g–1 dry weight, P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively) and leaf carbon of E. gracilis was significantly higher compared with green box and E. largiflorens (541.75 versus 514.90 and 519.82 mg g–1 dry weight, P = 0.002 and 0.011 respectively). There were significantly (P = 0.016) more occurrences of elevated ci/ca below a minimum gs in E. gracilis compared with E. largiflorens, with green box being intermediate (means = 21.6, 6.8 and 9.4). After 10 years, E. largiflorens trunk circumference had significantly increased (P = 0.017) and height had significantly decreased (P = 0.026) due to visible dieback. Green box and E. gracilis grew slower, conserving resources, illustrating a useful strategy to consider when choosing plants for revegetation efforts.

scholarly journals Relationship among specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate in herbaceous species of tropical dry deciduous in Vindhyan highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Dubey ◽  
Raghubanshi A. S. ◽  
Anil K. Dwivedi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Herbaceous Species

A range of leaf attributes was measured for 17 herbaceous species in four contrasting habitats fortnightly from July to September during 2996-2007. All herbaceous vegetation in 5 randomly located plots within each of four sites were clipped at ground level and analyzed fortnightly. Leaf area was recorded by the leaf area meter (Systronics; Leaf area meter- 211). Fresh leaves were dried at 80o C for 48 hr to estimate their dry weight. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was determined as ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight. Leaf nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method and phosphorus by phosphomolybdic blue colorimetric method. The obtained values were subjected to Two- tailed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS (2004 ver. 13) package. SLA, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate show positive relationship with each other.

Morphology, physiology and AFLP markers validate that green box is a hybrid of Eucalyptus largiflorens and E. gracilis (Myrtaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia R. Koerber ◽  
Peter A. Anderson ◽  
Jack V. Seekamp
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Physiological Characters ◽  
Green Box

Prolonged drought and salinity on the Chowilla floodplain of the Murray River have caused deterioration of E. largiflorens F.Muell. A putative hybrid with E. gracilis F.Muell, green box, withstands the saline conditions. We aimed to substantiate that green box is a hybrid and to test for agreement between morphological and physiological characters with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Mature stands were measured for leaf, trunk, floral, cotyledon, carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination, specific leaf area (SLA) and AFLP. Green box was placed between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis according to categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) of 21 morphological and physiological characters and character states. The hybrid index of 11 AFLP markers that were 78% species specific separated E. gracilis and E. largiflorens, and the majority of green box plants displayed indices ranging from 0.42 to 0.53, reflecting mostly additive inheritance. Calculation of the hybrid index with all 232 AFLP markers, using maximum likelihood, similarly placed green box between E. gracilis and E. largiflorens. Our morphological, physiological and AFLP-marker observations substantiated that green box is a hybrid between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis.

scholarly journals Variation Patterns of Functional Trait Moments Along Geographical Gradients and Their Environmental Determinants in the Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caishuang Huang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Runguo Zang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

Understanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Researches accounting for site-specific trait values within forest communities help bridge plant economics theory and functional biogeography to better evaluate and predict relationships between environment and ecosystem functioning. Here, by measuring six functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration, leaf nitrogen/phosphorus, wood density) for 292 woody plant species (48,680 individuals) from 250 established permanent forest dynamics plots in five locations across the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (SEBLF) in China, we quantified functional compositions of communities by calculating four trait moments, i.e., community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The geographical (latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational) patterns of functional trait moments and their environmental drivers were examined. Results showed that functional trait moments shifted significantly along the geographical gradients, and trait moments varied in different ways across different gradients. Plants generally showed coordinated trait shifts toward more conservative growth strategies (lower specific leaf area, leaf N and P concentration while higher leaf nitrogen/phosphorus and wood density) along increasing latitude and longitude. However, trends opposite to the latitudinal and longitudinal patterns appeared in trait mean values along elevation. The three sets of environmental variables (climate, soil and topography) explained 35.0–69.0%, 21.0–56.0%, 14.0–31.0%, and 16.0–30.0% of the variations in mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis across the six functional traits, respectively. Patterns of shifts in functional trait moments along geographical gradients in the subtropical region were mainly determined by the joint effects of climatic and edaphic conditions. Climate regimes, especially climate variability, were the strongest driving force, followed by soil nutrients, while topography played the least role. Moreover, the relationship of variance, skewness and kurtosis with climate and their geographical patterns suggested that rare phenotypes at edges of trait space were selected in harsher environments. Our study suggested that environmental filtering (especially climate variability) was the dominant process of functional assembly for forest communities in the subtropical region along geographical gradients.

Specific Leaf Area and Leaf Nitrogen Concentration of Lantana in Response to Light Regime and Triazole Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2323-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristidis Matsoukis ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Aikaterini Chronopoulou‐Sereli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Concentration

scholarly journals Regional-Scale Relationships of Leaf Area Index to Specific Leaf Area and Leaf Nitrogen Content

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars L. Pierce ◽  
Steven W. Running ◽  
Joe Walker
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index

scholarly journals Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Saeid Hassanpour-bourkheili ◽  
Mahtab Heravi ◽  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) is a difficult-to-control weed in soybean production in Brazil that has developed resistance to herbicides, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors. We investigated the potential fitness cost associated to the Ser-653-Asn mutation that confers imazamox resistance in this weed. Plant height, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area and seed production per plant as well as the growth indices of specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation in F2 homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) wild poinsettia progenies were pairwise compared. S plants were superior in most of the traits studied. Plant heights for S and R biotypes, recorded at 95 days after planting (DAP), were 137 and 120 cm, respectively. Leaf areas were 742 and 1048 cm2 in the R and S biotypes, respectively. The dry weights of leaves and stems in the S plants were 30 and 35%, respectively, higher than in the R plants. In both biotypes, the leaves had a greater share in dry weight at early development stages, but from 50 DAP, the stem became the main contributor to the dry weight of the shoots. The R biotype produced 110 ± 4 seed plant−1, i.e., 12 ± 3% less seeds per plant than that of the S one (125 ± 7 seed plant−1). The growth indices leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were generally higher in the S biotype or similar between both biotypes; while the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were punctually superior in the R biotype. These results demonstrate that the Ser-653-Asn mutation imposed a fitness cost in imazamox R wild poinsettia.

Influence of water stress on cyanogenic capacity in Eucalyptus cladocalyx

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian E. Woodrow ◽  
Damian J. Slocum ◽  
Roslyn M. Gleadow
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Record ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Cyanogenic Capacity ◽  
Leaf N

Cyanogenesis in many plant species is an effective herbivore deterrent, which appears to be influenced by a range of environmental variables. There is evidence that one such variable, soil water availability, increases cyanogenic capacity (i.e. leaf cyanogenic glycoside concentration), but it is not clear whether this is a relatively direct or indirect effect. To shed light on this issue, we compared the cyanogenic capacity of individuals from two populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. from areas of South Australia that differ markedly in rainfall. Stable carbon isotope analysis confirmed that trees at the drier site were more water-stressed. We found a large range in leaf cyanogenic capacities, from 0 to 1.01 mg cyanide g–1 dry weight. Importantly, this is the first record of acyanogenic E. cladocalyx. Mean cyanogenic capacity was 30% higher in trees from the drier site, and they suffered less damage from herbivores. However, these trees also contained higher concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N). Correlative analysis of data for individual plants from both sites showed that leaf N was able to account for a significant amount of the variation in cyanogenic glycoside concentration (28%). Water availability on its own, however, was not able to account significantly for any such variation. We conclude that most of the variation in cyanogenic capacity is due to genetic differences between individuals, while the remaining variation is due to differences in leaf N.

Observations of the Photosynthetic Physiology of Tree Species within the C3 Monocotyledon Genus Pandanus, and Comparison with Dicotyledon C3 Tree Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Resource Levels

Photosynthetic characteristics of tree species from the tropical C3 monocotyledon genus Pandanus were compared with C3 dicotyledon species growing in similar environments. The Pandanus species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) to dicotyledon tree species in leaves from both sun and shaded environments when Amax was expressed on an area basis. Because of the low specific leaf area of the schlerophyllous leaves of the Pandanus compared to the dicotyledon species, the similarity in Amax was no longer evident when Amax was expressed on a dry-weight basis. Leaf dark respiration rates of the Pandanus on a leaf area and weight basis were generally lower than the shade-intolerant dicotyledons and similar to the shade-tolerant dicotyledon species. Low dark respiration rates and low specific leaf area of the Pandanus may be important characteristics for growth and survival in environments where resource levels are low and the likelihood of tissue damage is high.

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