scholarly journals The Range of Prey Size of the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrat Mukherjee ◽  
Neera Sen Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bengal Tiger ◽  
The Difference

Relatively little is known about the feeding habit of the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans and the relative biomass of individual prey base species that the predator consumes during each kill. This is the first attempt to collect such data from the study area. Data sets of two phases have been used. Identification of undigested remains of 214 tiger scat samples was carried out. A comparison with Sundarbans tigers in zoo has been made. In its natural habitat, the tiger consumes more of spotted deer, followed by wild boar, rhesus monkey, and water monitor. Though the tiger consumes a relatively low proportion of small prey species to meet its dietary requirements, it gains importance in the present perspective. Significant increase is noted in the relative number of prey species consumed in the second phase, which correlates well with increased prey availability. Hypotheses formulated to find the difference in prey biomass and relative number of prey consumed have been tested statistically. A significant difference in terms of relative number of prey consumed only was derived which has been qualitatively correlated with the positive effect of increased vigilance, as revealed by secondary data, on conserving tiger habitat vis-a-vis the increased prey availability in Sundarbans.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN INVESTASI BERDASARKAN TINGKAT RISIKO PADA SAHAM SYARIAH, REKSADANA SYARIAH, DAN EMAS PERIODE 2011-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Ayu Fitri ◽  
Dina Fitrisia Septiarini
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of rate of risk on islamic stock, islamic mutual fund, and gold period 2011-2015. It uses quantitative approach by using Kruskal Wallis test. The sample collecting method used purposive sampling. This study was used secondary data that was collected from official websites of Indonesia Stock Exchange, PT BNP Paribas, and Price Gold. Data used was historical data from JII index, NAV per unit BNP Paribas Pesona Syariah, and gold price. The result Kruskal-Wallis test show that there was significant difference of rate of risk on islamic stock, islamic mutual fund, and gold. But, when used Mann-Whitney next test show that there was no significant difference on Islamic stock. The result of this study proved that islamic stock was more best than gold and islamic mutual fund

scholarly journals Growth retardation among children in southern Iran: a 7-year population based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Fatemi ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab ◽  
Golnaz Sharifnia ◽  
Hossein Moravej ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Growth retardation is a common health problem, which requires early prevention and detection. This study was conducted to define the approximate age at which stunting starts among the Iranian boys and girls. Method The second phase of a population-based retrospective cohort nested case-control study on 400 children who were followed from birth to 7 years of age. This study was performed to define the pattern of growth among stunted and normal children and to reveal the age at which stunting starts in each gender. Results Of the selected participants, 53% were girls. Also, about 18% of the children registered by the selected health centers were defined as stunted (under the 3rd percentile of the corresponding sex-age NCHS/WHO growth reference). For boys, the height was relatively similar between the two groups until the age of 6 months at which the difference in height between normal and stunted children starts to become significantly large (difference = 0.70 cm, P = 0.04). For girls, height in the two groups is relatively similar until the age of 9 months at which the difference starts to become significantly large (difference = 0.97 cm, P = 0.01). No significant difference in the weight of the girls was observed between the normal and stunted groups during the study period (difference = 283.21 g, P > 0.05). However, boys from the stunted group were lighter since almost the same time that they started to become significantly shorter (difference = 1265.19 g, P = 0.001). Conclusions Soon after birth (at about the 6 months of age), the growth pattern of some (stunted) children starts to stumble and divert from normal. The sixth month of age is the age at which mothers start weaning with withdrawing breast milk and start supplementary foods and adult diet. A specially designed study is needed to understand the actual reason for observing such a phenomenon among Iranian children.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Nugrahini Susantinah Wisnujatia ◽  
Suwandi S. Sangadji
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pesticide Reduction ◽  
The Difference

<p><em>The use of pesticides in rice production has an impact on the environment. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill or control pests. The use of pesticides carries some risks, but farmers are used to using pesticides. However, the use of pesticides may lead to the contamination of groundwater. Therefore, the research question in this study was whether there any differences in rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the difference between rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. The secondary data in this study were rice production data from FAO. Data from 1968 to 1992 were data about rice production before reducing pesticide use in Indonesia, while data from 1993 to 2017 were data about rice production after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. The applied data analysis was paired sample t-test using SPSS 25. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between rice production before and after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. </em></p>

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGALIHAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN SEKTOR PERKOTAAN PERDESAAN (PBB-P2)

KINERJA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Sigit Hutomo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regional Governments

This research is aimed to find empirical evidence on whether there is a significant difference between Regionally-Generated Income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, or PAD) before and after the shift of the collection of Land and Building Taxes for Rural and Urban Sectors (Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan sektor Pedesaan dan Perkotaan, or PBB-P2) to regional governments. PAD is measured by local revenue sources. Three regencies/municipalities that have experienced the shift during the 2011-2013 period were selected for sampling. Secondary data were obtained from Revenue Realization Reports (Laporan Realisasi PAD) of Yogyakarta for the years 2011-2013, Revenue Realization Reports of Sleman and Bantul for the years 2012-2013, and PBB-P2 and the Sales Value of the Tax Object (Nilai Jual Objek Pajak, or NJOP) data obtained from DPPKAD. Meanwhile, primary data were obtained through interviews conducted with the PBB-P2 tax officers. The findings showed a significant difference of PAD. This, however, was not due to the shift of PBB-P2 tax collection to regional governments. The difference was caused by other revenue sources.Keywords: PBB-P2 tax collection shift, PAD

KEBIJAKAN PEMBAYARAN DIVIDEN BERDASARKAN EPS, LEVERAGE DAN SIZE

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhelmi Yuhelmi
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the difference in value Dividend Payout Ratio is based on EPS, leverage and firm size at the company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population is the company paying the dividends consistently over the period 2007-2009 and all taken as sample. Data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market of Directory (ICMD). Data processing is done by using the Kruskal-Wallis H test method because the data are not normally distributed. Based on the test results found a significant difference between the Dividend Payout Ratio companies that have high EPS with low EPS. Companies that have high EPS paying high dividend payout ratio than companies that have low EPS. The results also found no significant difference between the payment of Dividend Payout Ratio companies that have high leverage with companies that have low leverage, so also there is no difference between large-sized companies with a smaller company.

Toxoplasmosis in prey species and consequences for prevalence in feral cats: not all prey species are equal

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (14) ◽  
pp. 1963-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. AFONSO ◽  
P. THULLIEZ ◽  
D. PONTIER ◽  
E. GILOT-FROMONT
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Predation Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Age

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis largely transmitted to definitive felid hosts through predation. Not all prey species represent identical risks of infection for cats because of differences in prey susceptibility, exposure and/or lifespan. Previously published studies have shown that prevalence in rodent and lagomorph species is positively correlated with body mass. We tested the hypothesis that different prey species have different infection risks by comparing infection dynamics of feral cats at 4 sites in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago which differed in prey availability. Cats were trapped from 1994 to 2004 and anti-T. gondiiIgG antibodies were detected using the modified agglutination test (⩾1:40). Overall seroprevalence was 51·09%. Antibody prevalence differed between sites, depending on diet and also on sex, after taking into account the effect of age. Males were more often infected than females and the difference between the sexes tended to be more pronounced in the site where more prey species were available. A difference in predation efficiency between male and female cats may explain this result. Overall, our results suggest that the composition of prey items in cat diet influences the risk ofT. gondiiinfection. Prey compositon should therefore be considered important in any understanding of infection dynamics ofT. gondii.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Post-Harvest Losses Associated with Upcountry Vegetable before and During COVID -19 Pandemic Situation: A Case of The Welimada Divisional Secretariat Area

2022 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-23
Author(s):  
P. P. R. P. S. Rathnapala
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Production ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Harvesting

Vegetables are essential food items that provide daily nutritional requirements to maintain healthy life for human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain continuous production and supply. The unexpected Covid-19 plague disrupted the production, sale and distribution of vegetables so that producers, traders as well as consumers happened to face unexpected problems. Accordingly, a study was conducted with the main objective to investigate the post harvesting losses associated with upcountry vegetable before and under COVID-19 pandemic situation comparatively. To achieve the main objectives a field survey was carried out by collecting primary data from 16 traders from the Economic Center and 50 farmers from 05 Grama Niladhari Divisions of Welimada divisional secretariat area using stratified sampling technique. Additional information was collected by using interviews with farmers and traders and secondary data. Data was analyzed using quantitative, qualitative methods and paired T tests were performed to confirm the difference between the variables associated with before and during the COVID-19 pandemic statistically. Results reviled that, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in post-harvest losses coursed at farm, transport and wholesale lelves in marketing of vegetables before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors affected to increase post-harvest losses and there are the harvesting was delayed, number of barriers were faced during transportation, the economic center has been closed for several days, vegetable prices have fallen and wholesales have declined. It can be concluded that the post-harvest damage to upcountry vegetable has been affected by the covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kepuasaan Pasien Terhadap Makanan Dengan Sistem Penyelenggaraan Outsourcing Dan Swakelola Di RS Islam Jemursari Surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Susila Rusdiana Dewi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Service System ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background : Patient satisfaction is one of expected outputs of food provision. Food service system selection, especially in the hospital, will influence food and foodservice quality, which can influence patient’s acceptance and food intake. Objectives: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between food satisfaction on foodservice as outsouching and self operated based on food quality and foodservice quality which had been held in RS Islam Jemursari Surabaya. Method : The study was a description research with cross sectional design. The study used two kinds of data, which were secondary data (to know the patient satisfaction of food by outsourcing system) and primaly data (to know the patient satisfaction of food by self operated system). Measures of food and foodservice quality by outsourcing system was same by self operated system. Population of the study were all of patient which in 2 and 3 class at Azzahra 1’room, Azzahra 2’room, and Mawar’room so that sampels of the study in each food service system were 43 patients. Analysis test used was Mann Whitney test.Results : The result of the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in food quality (p<0.100) and total food satisfaction (p>0.100), but there was significant difference in foodservice quality (p<0.100).Conclusion : Patient satisfaction of food by outsourcing system was no difference from the patient satisfaction of food by self operated system.ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Kepuasan makan pasien merupakan salah satu output yang diharapkan oleh suatu penyelenggara makanan. Pemilihan dalam sistem penyelenggaraan makanan khususnya di rumah sakit akan mempengaruhi kualitas dan pelayanan makanan yang nantinya juga akan berpengaruh pada daya terima dan asupan makan pasien.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kepuasan makanan pasien pada penyelenggaraan makanan secara outsourcing dan swakelola berdasarkan kualitas makanan dan kualitas pelayanan makanan yang telah dilaksanakan di RS Islam Jemursari Surabaya.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis data yakni data sekunder (untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien terhadap makanan pada saat sistem outsourcing) dan data primer (untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien terhadap makanan pada sistem swakelola). Ukuran kualitas makanan dan kualitas pelayanan makanan yang digunakan pada saat survey outsourcing sama dengan yang digunakan saat swakelola. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua pasien kelas 2 dan 3 yang ada di Ruang Azzahra 1, Azzahra 2, dan Mawar dengan sampel penelitian masing-masing sistem penyelenggaraan sebanyak 43 pasien. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji Mann Whitney.Hasil : Hasil analisis statistik dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada kualitas makanan (p>0,100) dan kepuasan makanna total (p>0,100), namun ada perbedaan bermakna pada kualitas pelayanan makanan (p<0,100).Kesimpulan : Kepuasan makan pasien pada penyelenggaraan makanan sistem outsourcing tidak berbeda dengan kepuasan makan pada penyelenggaraan sistem swakelola.

scholarly journals KOMPARASI RISK DAN RETURN SAHAM DAN SAHAM SYARIAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Abil Finda Farrukhy
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Abstract   This research aims to identify the difference in the mean return and risk of regular and sharia stock listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as a provider of secondary data listed in the consumer goods industry in the 2019 period. The data analysis techniques in this research are using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis. The results of descriptive analysis within 1 year showed that the average return of regular stock is -0.0018342 or -0.18% while the average return of Sharia stock 0,0009238 or 0.09%. The risk level of regular stock during the period of 1 year is 0.0539309 or 5.39%. while the risk level of sharia stock is 0.0142570 or 1.43%. Based on the results of inferential analysis research using a different test (Independent Sample t-test), obtained result that there is no significant difference between return and risk of regular stock and Sharia stock. Keywords: Return, Risk, Regular Stock, Sharia Stock   Abstrak   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan rata-rata return dan risk saham reguler dan saham syariah yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia sebagai penyedia data sekunder yang tercantum di bidang industri barang konsumsi periode 2019. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil analisis deskriptif pada kurun waktu 1 tahun menyatakan bahwa rata-rata return saham reguler senilai -0,0018342, sedangkan rata-rata return saham syariah senilai 0,0009238. Tingkat Risk saham reguler selama kurun waktu 1 tahun senilai 0,0539309, sedangkan tingkat risk saham syariah senilai 0,0142570. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian analisis inferensial dengan menggunakan uji beda (Independent Sample t-test) dihasilkan bahwa tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara return dan risk saham reguler dengan saham syariah. Kata Kunci: Return, Risk, Saham Reguler, Saham Syariah

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA REKSA DANA SYARIAH DENGAN KINERJA REKSA DANA KONVENSIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Ervani Nur Sekarini ◽  
Istutik Istutik
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the difference between the performance of Islamic mutual funds with the performance of conventional, mixed type and fixed income mutual funds with sharpe ratio, treynor ratio and jensen ratio measurement methods. This type of research is quantitative research, where the source of the data used is secondary data. The population in this study are equity, mixed and fixed income mutual funds found on the official website of PT Bareksa Investment Portal, the sample used is conventional and sharia mutual funds issued by the same and active investment managers during 2015-2017. The data used in the form of Net Asset Value (NAV) data for 2014-2017, Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI), data on interest rates for Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) for the 2015-2017 period. The analytical method used is the Independent Sample t-test, with the SPSS program. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the performance of Islamic mutual funds and the performance of conventional, mixed, and fixed income types of conventional mutual funds by using sharpe ratio, treynor ratio and jensen ratio measurements.

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