Synthesis in Growth Pouches of Mycorrhizae Between Eucalyptus pilularis and Several Strains of Pisolithus tinctorius

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Grenville ◽  
Rl Peterson ◽  
AE Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Important Advance ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Eucalypt mycorrhizae were synthesized in non-sterile plastic growth pouches. Mycorrhizae occurred on second-order roots 6-9 days after inoculation of seedlings. External morphology and internal anatomy of mycorrhizae are similar to those produced in soil. The growth pouch is particularly useful for observing the development of mycorrhizae and sampling tissues of known ectomycorrhizae without disturbing the root system. For these reasons, as well as the rapidity of ectomycorrhizal synthesis, this method represents an important advance in technology. Five strains of Pisolithus tinctorius were tested in growth pouches and found to form ectomycorrhizae with Eucalyptus pilularis.

Effects of Temperature on Root Morphology and Ectendomycorrhizal Development in Pinusresinosa Ait.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Seedlings of Pinusresinosa were grown at root temperatures of 16, 21 and 27 °C, both aseptically and after inoculation with the ectendomycorrhizal fungus BDG-58. Growth after 3 months was significantly influenced by the presence of the fungus at all 3 temperatures. The influence of the fungus on root growth was obscured by the effects of root temperature on morphology. The root system at 16 and at 21 °C possessed many first-order laterals with numerous, well developed second-order branches, but those at 27 °C had only a few, relatively long, unbranched first-order laterals. Although the root systems of infected seedlings were larger, the fungus increased root growth in the same pattern as determined by the temperature.

Ontogeny of dichotomizing apices in mycorrhizal short roots of Pinus strobus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Piche ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
U. Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Central Group ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Growth Centres

Growth pouches were used to establish ectomycorrhizae of Pinus strobus using Pisolithus tinctorius as inoculum. An epi-illumination technique was used to follow changes in external morphology of short roots as they became colonized by hyphae and dichotomized. Apices became broader and flatter before an obvious dichotomy was apparent. Secondary dichotomies often formed after the primary dichotomy of the original short roots. Sectioned material showed that a central group of cells in the meristem stopped dividing and became vacuolated as dichotomy was initiated. Two lateral growth centres were established which led to the formation of two apical meristems.

scholarly journals Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Dinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael ◽  
Osvin Arriagada ◽  
Guillermo Toro ◽  
Jacob Mashilo ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bottle Gourd

The evaluation of root system architecture (RSA) development and the physiological responses of crop plants grown under water-limited conditions are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term variation of the morphological and physiological plasticity of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes under water deficit, evaluating the changes in the relationship between the root system architecture and leaf physiological responses. Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in rhizoboxes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Significant genotype-water regime interactions were observed for several RSA traits and physiological parameters. Biplot analyses confirmed that the drought-tolerant genotypes (BG-48 and GC) showed a high net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates with a smaller length, and a reduced root length density of second-order lateral roots, whereas the genotypes BG-67 and Osorno were identified as drought-sensitive and showed greater values for average root length and the density of second-order lateral roots. Consequently, a reduced length and density of lateral roots in bottle gourd should constitute a response to water deficit. The root traits studied here can be used to evaluate bottle gourd performance under novel water management strategies and as criteria for breeding selection.

An unusual dendrodorid: redescription of the tropical nudibranch Dendrodoris atromaculata (Alder & Hancock, 1864) (Anthobranchia: Doridoidea: Dendrodorididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 503 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILIANNE D. BRODIE
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
West Pacific Ocean ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
First Time

Dendrodoris atromaculata (Alder & Hancock, 1864) is a large, tropical nudibranch mollusc livingin the Indo-west Pacific Ocean. A detailed description of the external morphology of the living animaland an investigation of internal anatomy are presented for the first time. In addition the microstructureof certain organs (i.e., notal tissue and the vestibular gland associated with thereproductive system) are compared with other Dendrodoris species. Dendrodoris atromaculata isunique among currently described species of Dendrodoris in three respects, the gill structure is“cross-like”, the notum possesses prominent spicules and the notum is covered in finger-like processes.These findings necessitate a reassessment of previously documented generic features ofDendrodoris and reveal a need for changes to future phylogenetic analyses of both porostome andcryptobranch dorids.

Reducing Activity at the Root Surface in Eucalyptus pilularis - Pisolithus tinctorius Ectomycorrhizas

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JWG Cairney ◽  
AE Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽  
Pisonia Grandis

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal areas of root systems of Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings, grown in growth pouches and inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, were compared with regard to their surface reducing activity. Mycorrhizal roots were shown to reduce silver bromide, ferric EDTA and a higher oxide of manganese while non-mycorrhizal roots of the same plants did not. A number of ecto- and endomycorrhizal fungi were screened for reducing ability. All fungal isolates tested, with the exception of Hebeloma crustuliniforme and a suspected ectomycorrhizal symbiont from Pisonia grandis roots, were capable of reducing a manganic oxide.

Ectomycorrhiza synthesis between isolated roots of Eucalyptus pilularis and Pisolithus tinctorius

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bailey ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Isolated Roots ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Callus cultures were established from epicotyl–hypocotyl explants of Eucalyptus pilularis seedlings. Roots formed on these cultures were excised and placed in divided petri plates. The apical portion of each root was placed on filter paper overlying modified Bonner–Deverian medium, while the basal portion was placed on Bonner–Deverian medium containing carbohydrates. Plugs of Pisolithus tinctorius mycelium were placed adjacent to the apical portion of each root. After 10–14 days, approximately 40% of all root tips formed a mantle and Hartig net typical of ectomycorrhizas.

The root growth response to heterogeneous nitrate supply differs for Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus pilosus

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dunbabin ◽  
Z. Rengel ◽  
A. Diggle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
First Order ◽  
Tap Root

Little is known about the ability of legume root systems to respond to the heterogeneous supply of nitrate. A split-root nutrient solution experiment was set up to compare the root growth response of 2 lupin species, Lupinus angustifolius L. (dominant tap root and primary lateral system) and L. pilosus Murr. (minor tap root and well-developed lateral root system), to differentially supplied nitrate. These 2 species represent the extremes of the root morphology types present across the lupin germplasm. Nutrient solution containing low (250 M) or high (750 M) nitrate was supplied either uniformly, or split (high and low) between the upper and lower root system. The average growth rate and total root length of L. pilosus was 1.7 times that of L. angustifolius. For both species, the increased proliferation of roots in a high nitrate zone was accompanied by a decrease in root growth in the low nitrate zone, giving approximately the same total growth as the uniform low nitrate treatment. This correlative growth rate response was 15% larger for the first-order branches of L. pilosus than L. angustifolius. While few second-order branches grew for L. angustifolius, the second-order laterals of L. pilosus showed a 2-fold correlative root growth and branching response to the split treatments, with no difference in growth between the uniform high and low nitrate treatments. The second-order laterals thus proliferated in response to the differential supply of nitrate and not the absolute concentration. While the growth rate and branching of the second-order laterals of L. pilosus exhibited a typical correlative response, first-order branching was inhibited in all split treatments, regardless of whether the roots were in the high or low nitrate zone. This response was not seen in L. angustifolius. The difference in the root growth response of the 2 root system types to differentially supplied nitrate suggests a potential in the lupin germplasm for developing a line capable of greater nitrate capture from the soil profile.

Effects of root severing treatments on loblolly pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Carlson ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Peter Farnum ◽  
Stephen W. Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Root System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
First Order

Six-year-old loblolly pine seedlings were subjected to root severing treatments varying from 0 to 100% of first-order lateral roots. Separate treatments severed surface-oriented or deep-oriented roots. Plant water status was monitored periodically for several months. After all measurements were taken, gross root system structure was determined by excavation. Treatment responses were evident on all dates of measurement. Relationships between percentage of root system cut and leaf conductance or water potential were stronger when surface-oriented roots were cut than when deep-oriented roots were cut. Severing surface-oriented first-order lateral (SOFOL) roots probably resulted in greater impact on plant water status than severing deep-oriented first-order lateral (DOFOL) roots because (i) SOFOL roots had both surface-oriented and deep-oriented second-order lateral roots that could tap both surface and subsurface soil horizons for soil moisture, and (ii) the deep-oriented second-order roots (originating from the SOFOL roots) were spatially distributed over a much larger area than the DOFOL roots and thus would have access to soil water in a larger volume of soil. For SOFOL roots the relationship between percentage cut and leaf conductance or transpiration was strongly negative; for DOFOL roots, no relationship between these variables was observed. Initially water potential decreased with the percentage of roots cut in both groups; in later measurements, water potential was affected more by severing SOFOL than DOFOL roots. Calculation of soil moisture depletion by depth indicated that both surface- and deep-oriented second-order lateral roots were important for water uptake. Severing SOFOL roots significantly decreased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in needles of the first growth flush of the year. Levels of these elements in terminal buds were not affected by severing SOFOL roots, but were significantly reduced by severing DOFOL roots. Secondary xylem production was reduced proportionately to the amount of root system cross-sectional area severed.

Dispersed Polyphosphate in Fungal Vacuoles in Eucalyptus pilularis/Pisolithus tinctorius Ectomycorrhizas

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Ashford ◽  
Peter A. Vesk ◽  
David A. Orlovich ◽  
Anne-Laure Markovina ◽  
William G. Allaway
Keyword(s):  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis
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