Foliar concentrations and resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in 15 species of eucalypts grown under non-limited water and nutrient availability

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Polglase
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Mature and senescent foliage were sampled from 15 species of Eucalyptus, covering three subgenera, Symphyomyrtus, Monocalyptus and Corymbia, under non-limiting availability of water and nutrients (effluent-irrigated plantation). Concentrations of total phosphorus in mature foliage were relatively high for Eucalyptus (range 1.6–3.1 mg g–1), inorganic phosphorus accounting for 60–79% of total phosphorus. Foliar concentrations of total and inorganic phosphorus in Monocalyptus were about twice as much as in Symphyomyrtus. Concentrations of nitrogen did not differ amongst subgenera. About 50% of leaf nitrogen was resorbed during senescence. In contrast, about 11–24% of phosphorus was resorbed, of which about 48–77% was derived from hydrolysis of organic phosphorus. There were no significant differences amongst subgenera in resorption of either nitrogen or phosphorus. Despite significant variability in nutritional characteristics within subgenera, we conclude that Monocalyptus has a greater capacity to accumulate foliar phosphorus (as inorganic phosphorus) than Symphyomyrtus, but that Symphyomyrtus has a greater phosphorus-use efficiency (ratio of growth to foliar phosphorus). Foliar inorganic phosphorus appears to be easily manipulated by nutrient amendment whereas nitrogen is highly resistant. Resorption efficiency of phosphorus (proportion of total phosphorus resorbed) is decreased under high availability of soil phosphorus.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Conditioners on Absorption of phosphorus by waxy corn and Phosphorus Transformation in High Phosphorus Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Wang Xi ◽  
Lu Shuchang ◽  
Pei Zhiqiang ◽  
Hou Kun ◽  
Ya Zongjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Waxy Corn

In this experiment, the effects of different types of conditioners and their application on the absorption and transformation of phosphorus in high phosphorus soils in facilities were investigated to improve the environmental problems of protected farmland caused by phosphorus accumulation. Waxy corn was used as a test crop, and five conditioners such as humic acid, biochar, bentonite, alum, and dephosphorized gypsum were used as test materials for potting experiments. The experiment set 10 treatments, namely T1(Blank control), T2(Humic acid), T3(Biochar), T4(Bentonite), T5(Alum), T6 (Dephosphorized gypsum), T7(Biochar-bentonite-alum), T8(Humic acid-biochar-alum),T9(Humic acidbiochar- bentonite-alum),T10(Humic acid-bentonite-biochar-alum-dephosphorized gypsum). Based on the analysis of the results of the three crops, except that the first crop was not significant, the biomass and phosphorus absorption of waxy corn of T2 was the highest in the second crop, and T10 was the most effective treatment in the third crop. The soil available phosphorus content of T8 was the lowest in the second crop and that of T10 was the lowest in the third crop, which were 12.01% and 12.75% lower than the control. The soil water-soluble phosphorus content of T4 was the lowest in the second crop, which was 41.84% lower than the control, and that of T8 was the lowest in the third crop, which was 26.62% lower than the control. According to the results of the three crops, the ratio of the total phosphorus content of the inorganic phosphorus in the third crop of each treatment was increasing compared with the first crop. The soil phosphorus was transformed from organic phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus. The ratio of total phosphorus content of organic phosphorus of T6, T9, T10 was larger than other treatments, which slowed down the conversion of phosphorus to available form. The ratio of Ca8-P in the inorganic phosphorus was the highest, reaching about 50% to 60%. From the results and analysis, T2 and T10 were beneficial to the absorption of soil phosphorus by waxy corn, T8 and T10 were beneficial to slow down the conversion of phosphorus to the effective state, reduce the potential risk of phosphorus environment, improve the phosphorus accumulation environmental issues in greenhouse farmland.

An attempted fractionation of the soil phosphorus

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

1. Extractions of soils with sodium hydroxide, followed by an acid, have been used in an attempt to fractionate the soil phosphorus.2. Colorimetric methods for the estimation of the organic and inorganic phosphorus in alkali soil extracts have been suggested.3. The amount of soil phosphorus soluble in sodium hydroxide is affected by the active soil calcium. It is suggested that sodium-saturated soils be used when studying the alkali-soluble phosphorus.4. The acid-soluble phosphorus remaining in soil after extraction with sodium hydroxide was determined. This fraction appears by analogy to be similar to the apatites.5. The largest fraction of the total soil phosphorus was not dissolved by the sodium hydroxide and acid extractions. This fraction was not increased by the long-continued use of phosphatic fertilizers at Rothamsted and Woburn.6. Relatively large amounts of organic phosphorus were found in soils and the amounts were closely related to the carbon contents.

Seasonal and fertilizer effects on the organic cycle and microbial biomass in a hill country soil under pasture

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Perrott ◽  
SU Sarathchandra ◽  
BW Dow
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Soil Microbial

A two year investigation of soil phosphorus and the soil organic cycle was carried out on a typical hill country site in the North Island, New Zealand. This included investigation of changes in soil phosphorus, as well as seasonal and fertilizer (superphosphate) effects on soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus and calcium chloride extractable sulfur. No net utilization of soil organic phosphorus occurred when application of phosphate fertilizer was withheld. On the contrary, accumulation of organic phosphorus was found in both fertilized and unfertilized plots. Immobilization of inorganic phosphorus into organic forms appeared to be a significant factor in fertilizer phosphorus requirements at this site. It was also a significant cause of the decline in the soil phosphorus status when no fertilizer was applied. Despite declining pasture production, there were no effects of withholding superphosphate on the soil biological cycle as measured by soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, total organic phosphorus and sodium bicarbonate extractable organic phosphorus. However, seasonal variations occurred indicating storage and release of phosphorus by the soil organic matter and microbial biomass. Release of phosphorus occurred during periods of rapid pasture growth and could account for phosphorus uptake by the pasture at those times.

Influence of substrate depth and particle size on phosphorus removal in a surface flow constructed wetland

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2291-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Lijuan ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Zhou Jian ◽  
Zhang Yan ◽  
Zhang Manyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption

Substrate adsorption is one of the main processes by which redundant phosphorus is removed from wastewater in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs). The physical properties of the substrate, such as depth and particle size, will influence the amount of phosphorus adsorption. This study was carried out in a long-running intermittent inflow constructed wetland that covered a total area of 940.4 m2 in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. We investigated how the concentrations of four phosphorus fractions, namely calcium phosphate (CaP), iron phosphate (FeP), adsorbed phosphorus (AdsP), and organic phosphorus (OP), varied between the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) substrate and among the different substrate particle sizes. The total phosphorus concentrations in the substrate ranged from 154.97 to 194.69 mg/kg; CaP accounted for more than 80% of the total phosphorus content. The concentrations of OP were significantly higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer, but the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were not significantly different between the two layers. The CaP, AdsP, and OP adsorption capacities were greater for small-sized substrate particles than for large-sized substrate particles. The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of constructed wetlands.

The effects of phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, plasma parameters, performance and carcass traits of pigs fed diets based on low-phytate barley without inorganic phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
V. Raboy
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Fecal Phosphorus

A total of 80 crossbred pigs (25.5 ± 2.6 kg) were assigned to one of eight dietary treatments. A positive control, based on Harrington barley, was formulated to meet requirements for total phosphorus. Three experimental diets (low in total phosphorus) were formulated based on either Harrington barley (0.28% phytate phosphorus) or the low phytate genotypes LP422 (0.14% phytate phosphorus) and LP 635 (0.09% phytate phosphorus). The four diets were fed with and without 1000 FTU kg-1 phytase. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as a result of supplementation with phytase. For the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, calcium digestibility averaged 69.6, 73.3 and 72.2% while phosphorus digestibility averaged 36.5, 50.5 and 57.7% for pigs fed the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The addition of phytase to the diet consistently reduced the percentage of phosphorus excreted in feces and fecal phosphorus excretion declined as the level of phytate in the barley declined. The addition of phytase tended to improve weight gain (P < 0.10) and significantly improved feed conversion (P < 0.05). For pigs fed the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, daily gain averaged 0.90, 0.99 and 1.01 kg d-1 while feed conversion averaged 2.70, 2.39 and 2.38 for the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The overall results of this experiment indicate that the performance of pigs fed diets containing low-phytate barley formulated without a source of inorganic phosphorus is at least equal to that of pigs fed diets containing normal-phytate barley and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the increased availability of organic phosphorus reduced the amount of phosphorus excreted thus reducing the amount of phosphorus that can potentially pollute the environment. Key words: Low phytate barley, phytase, pigs, performance, digestibility

Variation in Soil Phosphorus Forms in Larix olgensis Plantations in Eastern Montane Area of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4801-4805
Author(s):  
Li Xin Chen ◽  
Wen Biao Duan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Mature Stand

Variation in total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), the forms of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) at different development stages in larch (Larix olgensis) plantations was quantitively studied through field investigation, chemical analysis and statistical test. The results indicated that: AP, O-P (occluded phosphate), TP, OP in RS exhibited a significantly or apparently decreased tendency over stand age, but IP, Ca-P (phosphate combined with calcium) and Fe-P (phosphate combined with Ferrum) in RS presented a significantly or apparently increased trend when stand age increased; Ca-P in NRS increased when stand age became larger; Fe-P in half-mature stand (HMS), AP and Fe-P in near mature stand (NMS), AP and Ca-P in mature stand (MS) in NRS was higher than in RS

Sources, diversity and circulation of biogenic compounds in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nędzarek
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Admiralty Bay ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

AbstractThis paper presents horizontal and seasonal differences in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface waters of Admiralty Bay. The average annual concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be 1.054 and 0.129 mg dm-3 respectively. Organic nitrogen constituted 59% of total nitrogen on average, while N-NO3- was substantially higher than N-NH4+ (0.362 and 0.062 mgN dm-3, respectively). Organic phosphorus constituted 34% of total phosphorus on average, and the mean annual concentration of reactive phosphorus was 0.085 mgP dm-3. The observed concentrations of N and P were higher in the nearshore area and lower in the central part of the Admiralty Bay basin. In explaining this account was taken of surface runoff into the bay, the decay of marine macroalgae in the tidal area and the excretion of N and P by marine animals. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in freshwater streams varied from 0.528–5.698 mgN dm-3 and from 0.088–1.709 mgP dm-3. In laboratory experiments, 24-hour loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus released from the remains of macroalgae into the waters of the bay were estimated at about 6.2 tN and 10.3 tP, while the approximate quantities excreted by macrozoobenthos were 482 kgN and 48 kgP. The availability of N-NH4+ was seen to be greater in the waters of the bay than has been reported for open water in this part of the ocean and water from the Bransfield Strait had a diluting effect on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The role of the wind in carrying mineral salts from waters of the Bay to the inland environment was also discussed.

Sheep faeces in relation to the phosphorus cycle under pastures

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Culture

Faeces from sheep grazing naturalDanthonia pastures and improved subterranean clover pastures have been analysed for total phosphorus and inorganic phosphate over a period of 2 years. Both total and inorganic phosphorus contents (milligrams P per gram) varied widely with type of pasture and with season. The variation in organic phosphorus content (by difference) remained, relative to total phosphorus, fairly constant throughout. Total phosphorus content varied from 1.8 to 17 mg P/g whilst organic phosphorus varied from 1.5 to 4.0 mg P/g. Sheep grazing the improved pastures voided approximately 2.5–3 lb P as inorganic phosphate and 0.5–0.75 lb P as organic phosphorus per sheep per year. The inorganic phosphate was readily soluble in acid but not in water and was readily available to wheat grown in pot culture. The organic phosphorus was not readily available to plants and was not rapidly mineralized to inorganic phosphate. The contribution faecal phosphorus makes to the nutrition of pastures and to the reserve of soil organic phosphorus is briefly discussed.

THE USE OF 8-HYDROXY QUINOLINE (OXINE) IN THE EXTRACTION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Boswall ◽  
W. A. Delong
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Hydroxy Quinoline ◽  
Water Ratio

A mild laboratory procedure, employing oxine in a water-benzene system, for the release of organic phosphorus from two unimproved pasture soils differing widely in total phosphorus, ratio of organic to inorganic phosphorus, pH, calcium content and clay content, is described.Data are presented showing the influence of the following factors on the amount of phosphorus released: soil to water ratio, the pH of the extraction medium, and the soil pretreatments. Under the more favourable conditions the two soils released 75 and 86 per cent of their total organic phosphorus respectively.

scholarly journals Dissolved organic matter stimulates N2 fixation and nifH gene expression in Trichodesmium

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Benavides ◽  
Solange Duhamel ◽  
France Van Wambeke ◽  
Katyanne M Shoemaker ◽  
Pia H Moisander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tropical Oceans

ABSTRACT Mixotrophy, the combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition modes, is emerging as the rule rather than the exception in marine photosynthetic plankton. Trichodesmium, a prominent diazotroph ubiquitous in the (sub)tropical oceans, is generally considered to obtain energy via autotrophy. While the ability of Trichodesmium to use dissolved organic phosphorus when deprived of inorganic phosphorus sources is well known, the extent to which this important cyanobacterium may benefit from other dissolved organic matter (DOM) resources is unknown. Here we provide evidence of carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich DOM molecules enhancing N2 fixation rates and nifH gene expression in natural Trichodesmium colonies collected at two stations in the western tropical South Pacific. Sampling at a third station located in the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre revealed no Trichodesmium but showed presence of UCYN-B, although no nifH expression was detected. Our results suggest that Trichodesmium behaves mixotrophically in response to certain environmental conditions, providing them with metabolic plasticity and adding up to the view that mixotrophy is widespread among marine microbes.

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