Response of winter-sown carrots (Daucus carota L.) to rate and timing of phosphorus application on Joel sands

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
I. R. McPharlin ◽  
N. C. Lanztke
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The response of winter-sown carrots to rate and timing of phosphorus application on Joel sands was investigated at 2 commercial vegetable property sites on the Swan Coastal Plain in 1996. Phosphorus was applied at rates from 0 to 160 kg/ha at 2 times of application either 100% broadcast to the soil surface and incorporated before sowing (BS) or 25% broadcast and incorporated before sowing with 75% broadcast to the soil surface (not incorporated) after sowing in 5 equal-sized applications of 15% every 3 weeks, commencing 3 weeks after sowing (BS + AS ). There was a significant increase in total yield in response to rate and time of application of phosphorus at both sites. Total yield was 3–10% higher in the BA + AS than in the BS treatment at site 1 and 10–35% higher at site 2. Marketable yield was 21% higher at site 2 in the BS + AS compared with the BS treatment. Total and marketable yields were maximised at 40–80 kg/ha applied P at both sites. The concentration of phosphorus (%DW) in the youngest mature leaves at mid-growth was up to 30–35% higher in the BS + AS than in the BS treatment. Consequently, the percentage of phosphorus corresponding to the rate of applied phosphorus necessary for maximum yield was higher in the BS + AS than in the BS treatment. Thus, critical concentrations of phosphorus in the youngest mature leaves required for maximum yield of carrots should take account of timing of phosphorus application. Exponential regressions best described the relationship of phosphorus uptake (phosphorus concentration yield) by roots or whole plants to rate and timing of applied phosphorus. Phosphorus uptake by roots and whole plants increased with rate of applied phosphorus and was higher in the BS + AS than in the BS treatment. Recovery efficiency of fertiliser phosphorus by whole plants was 2.0–3.0-fold higher in the BS + AS treatment than in the BS treatment at 40–80 kg P/ha.

Response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) to applied phosphorus leaching on a Karrakatta sand, under two irrigation regimes

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR McPharlin ◽  
PM Aylmore ◽  
RC Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
P Leaching

The response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) to applied phosphorus (P) (0-320 kg/ha) and P leaching was investigated on a Karrakatta sand under 2 irrigation regimes (140% of pan evaporation in 2 or 4 applications per day). There was no significant effect of frequency of irrigation on response of carrots to P. Phosphorus at 157 � 57 kg/ha was necessary for 99% of maximum yield (95 t/ha) of carrots, which corresponded to maximum economic yield. For 95% of maximum yield 102 � 10 kg/ha was necessary. Applied P at up to 20 kglha resulted in a significant increase in the yield of medium (25-50 mm crown diameter) and large carrots (>50 mm diameter), a decrease in the yield of small (10-25 mm diameter) and very small carrots (<I0 mm diameter), and an increase in root to shoot ratios. Rejects were a constant percentage (9%) of total yield at all rates of applied P. The P concentration (dry weight basis) in youngest mature leaves at midgrowth required for 99% of maximum yield was 0.38 � 0.02%. Visual symptoms were not useful for diagnosing P deficiency in carrots because symptoms such as purpling of older leaves were only apparent on severely deficient plants. Phosphorus uptake by both roots and shoots increased with increasing rate of applied P; however, efficiency of P uptake (i.e. P uptake by shoots � roots/P applied, in per cent) decreased with increasing application rate from 27% of applied P at 20 kg/ha to 14% at 320 kg/ha. Eighteen per cent of applied P was taken up by the crop at the rate of P necessary for maximum yield and profit. There was no evidence of soil P leaching below 30 cm except at the highest application rate, and there was no effect of frequency of irrigation on P leaching. This supports evidence that Karrakatta sands have moderate P retention capacity and present a low pollution risk to water systems on the Swan Coastal Plain.

The influence of aluminium on phosphate sorption by whole plants and excised roots of some pasture legumes

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
PJVanden Berg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The effects of aluminium (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 p.p.m.) on dry matter production and subsequent short-term uptake and translocation of phosphorus in whole plants, and on the uptake of phosphorus by excised roots, of six tropical pasture legumes were ascertained. Macroptilium lathyroides, Desrnodiurn uncinaturn, Lotononis bainesii, and Stylosanthes hurnilis were tolerant species in terms of effects on dry matter production. Glycine wightii was a sensitive species and Medicago sativa a very sensitive one. In the whole plant study, plants were grown in Solution culture with a phosphorus concentration of 2 p.p.m., under the above aluminium treatments. Aluminium increased the subsequent uptake of phosphorus (tops+roots) in all species (phosphorus substrate concentration 1 x 10-5M labelled with 32P, 1 and 3 hr uptake periods). Phosphorus uptake in the tops of the four tolerant species was increased by aluminium treatment, and in the two sensitive species it uas reduced. In both the absence and presence of applied aluminium, L. bainesii was the most efficient species per unit weight of root tissue in sorbing total phosphorus, and in addition had the highest efficiency of translocation of phosphorus from roots to tops. S. humilis was also an efficient species. In the excised root study, addition of aluminium to the solution enhanced the sorption of phosphorus by all species. The enhancement was greater in a relatively strong phosphorus solution (2 x 10-4 M) than in a dilute solution (1 x 10-4). The sorption of phosphorus by excised roots of S. humilis from dilute and relatively strong phosphorus substrates was greater than that of other species, both in the absence and presence of added aluminium. L. bainesii was omitted from the excised root experiments.

scholarly journals 214 Yield and Quality Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to Simulated Storm Damage

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479A-479
Author(s):  
Michael E. Bartolo ◽  
Frank C. Schweissing
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Response

Parts of Colorado receive more hail than almost any other area in the nation. Severe storms can injure crop tissue and, thus, lower yield and predispose the crop to disease infection. Our study was conducted to determine the yield and quality response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to simulated storm damage during different periods of plant development. We removed 33% and 67% of the carrot foliage at four dates, spaced 10 days apart, during the middle of the growing season. In 1997 and 1998, 67% defoliation significantly reduced total and marketable yields more than did 33% defoliation. Total yield components, length and diameter, were similarly affected. Defoliation, in general, decreased yield the greatest when it when it occurred at the later stages of development. Carrot foliage continued to develop and grow after all defoliation events. Nonetheless, moderate (33%) and severe (67%) foliage loss reduced marketable yield and yield components of carrots.

Effects of Direct Drilling on the Phosphorus Uptake and Fertilizer Requirements of Wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effect of direct drilling on the phosphorus (P) relations of ~vheatw as examined in seven field experiments over three years. Compared with conventional cultivation of the soil, direct drilling concentrated available phosphorus nearer the soil surface and resulted in higher strength and lower root length in surface soil (0-10 cm). Tissue-P concentration and dry weight of young plants (< 10 weeks) were consistently lower after direct drilling. It appeared therefore that direct drilling limited the uptake of soil phosphorus. An unknown factor also reduced plant dry weight per unit of P taken up in some experiments, whilst high rates of P fertilizer generally failed to give equal P concentration or dry weight in early growth. It is suggested that the young plants were unable to exploit fully the banded fertilizer because of insufficient adaptation of roots to the concentrated source of P and that this effect is a greater disadvantage for a direct-drilled crop. Direct drilling gave lower grain yields in four experiments when no fertilizer was applied, but where rates of P fertilizer were high, the two tillage treatments produced equal'pields. In these four experiments direct-drilled crops needed more fertilizer to attain 90% of the maximum yield. Crops in cultivated soil had the higher dry weight at anthesis and therefore the higher potential yield at equal rates of P fertilizer (in two years), but they failed to realize their potential at high rates of fertilizer because their greater vegetative growth led to increased water stress after flowering.

scholarly journals How Can We Realize Sustainable Development Goals in Rocky Desertified Regions by Enhancing Crop Yield with Reduction of Environmental Risks?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Boyi Liang ◽  
Timothy A. Quine ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Elizabeth L. Cressey ◽  
Ian Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Development Goals

To meet the sustainable development goals in rocky desertified regions like Guizhou Province in China, we should maximize the crop yield with minimal environmental costs. In this study, we first calculated the yield gap for 6 main crop species in Guizhou Province and evaluated the quantitative relationships between crop yield and influencing variables utilizing ensembled artificial neural networks. We also tested the influence of adjusting the quantity of local fertilization and irrigation on crop production in Guizhou Province. Results showed that the total yield of the selected crops had, on average, reached over 72.5% of the theoretical maximum yield. Increasing irrigation tended to be more consistently effective at increasing crop yield than additional fertilization. Conversely, appropriate reduction of fertilization may even benefit crop yield in some regions, simultaneously resulting in significantly higher fertilization efficiency with lower residuals in the environment. The total positive impact of continuous intensification of irrigation and fertilization on most crop species was limited. Therefore, local stakeholders are advised to consider other agricultural management measures to improve crop yield in this region.

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

scholarly journals Associations between morphological and agronomic characteristics in garlic crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Valter C de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Amanda G Guimarães ◽  
Tiago D Firme ◽  
Aline Aparecida A Costa ◽  
Márcia Regina da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Bulb Yield

ABSTRACT Correlations and path analysis between characteristics can aid the selection of important attributes in breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform genotypic, phenotypic correlations and path analysis under commercial yield of garlic bulbs, depending on morphological and agronomic variables. The experiment was carried out in 2017 at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri and Universidade Federal de Lavras, using ten garlic genotypes, eight trials and two commercial cultivars, Caçador and Jonas. We evaluated: plant height; number of leaves, total bulb number; total bulb mass, total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield and number of cloves per bulb. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant between marketable yield of bulbs with bulb mass, total yield and number of cloves per bulb, indicating that selection based on these characteristics will help increase the yield of garlic. However, only the number of cloves per bulb had a direct effect and a relevant indirect effect on the marketable yield of garlic.

Influences of spacing on yield and root size of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under ridge-furrow production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 826-835
Author(s):  
Habtamu Tegen ◽  
Mnuyelet Jembere
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
System Information ◽  
Root Size

Abstract Although there is adequate information on the influence of plant population on root yield and size of carrot on flat and raised bed for rain fed production system, information on ridge-furrow bed preparation method is limited for irrigation production system. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were conducted for 2 years to determine the appropriate spacing of carrot on ridge-furrow carrot production practice under irrigation. Root yield increased significantly as the population increased. On the contrary, root size significantly decreased as population increased. The result of combined analysis over season and locations indicated that the narrowest spacing of 10 cm × 4 cm rows on the ridge and between plants, respectively, which accommodates 1,250,000 plants ha−1 gave significantly highest marketable carrot root yield of 26 t ha−1 followed by 22.6 t ha−1 with spacing of 20 cm × 4 cm which accommodates 1,000,000 plants ha−1, but it produced the smallest individual root weight of 83 g which is mostly preferred for household consumption unlike jumbo roots. Therefore, in terms of root sizes and marketable yield, the current study identified that spacing of 10 cm × 4 cm is optimum on ridge-furrow carrot production practices.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levesque ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Du Puits and Ladak varieties of alfalfa were grown for 10 weeks in the greenhouse on soil-sand media controlled at temperatures of 10°, 18°, and 26 °C. P32-tagged superphosphate was applied at rates of 10 and 80 p.p.m. phosphorus, respectively. Dry matter yields and phosphorus content of the tissue was determined at the end of the growth period. Increasing soil temperature from 10° to 26 °C. caused corresponding increases in total phosphorus uptake as a result of an increase in dry matter yields as well as an increase in the percentage of phosphorus in the plant tissue. Ladak exhibited the higher yield potential although Du Puits was less affected by low soil temperature conditions and appeared capable of making better use of soil phosphorus. With the higher phosphorus application, the root-top ratio for Du Puits was greater than that for Ladak, and the maximum value for this ratio occurred at 18 °C. for each variety. P32 activity measured in the tissue indicated that soil temperature was critical in terms of phosphorus fertilization in the 4- and 6-week stages of growth.

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