Effects of the concentration of manganese in the seed in alleviating manganese deficiency of Lupinus angustifolius L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
N. E Longnecker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Yield Plateau

Low concentration of manganese in the seed of narrow-leafed sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) decreased both the germination of seedlings and grain yield. In lupin, the grain yield obtained from seeds with increasing the manganese concentration planted on manganese-deficient soils could not reach grain yields on the maximum yield plateau reached by applying fertiliser manganese or minimise the amount of split seed. Consequently, in lupin for maximum grain yield and minimum amounts of split seed, both adequate manganese in seed and fertiliser manganese are required on manganese-deficient soils.

The effect of soil- and foliar-applied manganese in preventing the onset of manganese deficiency in Lupinus angustifolius

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hannam ◽  
WJ Davies ◽  
RD Graham ◽  
JL Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Upper South

The efficacy of the application of manganese, either applied to soil or as foliar sprays at three stages of flower development, in preventing the expression of manganese deficiency (ruptured seed coats ('split seed'); delayed maturity ('regreening'); and poor grain yield) in two cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius (cvv. Marri and Illyarrie) was assessed on sandy soils of the upper South East and Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia. Six experiments were conducted during 1979 and 1980. A single foliar application of manganese (1.7 kg Mn/ha, in 200 litre water) when the upper-lateral shoots were in mid-flower, prevented the onset of the disorder. Applications of manganese to the soil at sowing at rates of up to 11.1 kg Mn/ha were usually less effective. The appearance of 'split-seed' symptoms in mature grain was a more sensitive indicator of manganese deficiency than was grain yield response to manganese fertilization. The degree to which these symptoms appeared increased markedly when the manganese concentration in intact seed became less than 8-10 �g/g dry seed, an observation which is consistent with other studies.

Lupin grain yields and fertiliser effectiveness are increased by banding superphosphate below the seed

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jarvis ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Content ◽  
Better Than

Five field experiments with lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) measured the effectiveness, for production, of 4 superphosphate placements either: (i) drilled with the seed to a depth of 4 or 5 cm; (ii) applied to the soil surface (topdressed) before sowing; or (iii) banded 2.5-5 cm and 7.5-8 cm below the seed while sowing. Levels of applied phosphate (P) from 0 to 36 kg P/ha were tested. In all experiments lupin grain yield responded to the highest level of superphosphate applied. At this P level, the average grain yield from all trials was 1.16 t/ha for the deepest banded treatment. This was 0.38 t/ha (49%) better than P drilled with the seed, and 0.62 t/ha (115%) better than P topdressed. Relative to superphosphate drilled with the seed and regardless of the lupin cultivar or the phosphate status of the soil, the effectiveness of superphosphate was increased by 10-90% by banding below the seed, and decreased by 30-60% by topdressing. Increasing the levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed generally reduced the density of seedlings and reduced early vegetative growth, probably due to salt or P toxicity. However, during the growing season, the plants treated with high levels of superphosphate recovered, so that eventually yields of dried tops and grain responded to increasing superphosphate drilled with the seed. In each experiment there was a common relationship between yield and P content in lupin tissue, regardless of how the superphosphate was applied, suggesting that lupins responded solely to P, and other factors did not alter yield. We recommend that farmers band superphosphate 5-8 cm below the seed while sowing, rather than continue the present practices of either drilling the fertiliser with the seed, or topdressing it before sowing.

Growth, yield components and seed composition of two soybean cultivars as affected by manganese supply

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
LC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Seed Manganese

The influence of manganese nutrition on growth and yield of two soybean cultivars (Lee and Bragg) was studied in sand culture. Increasing the manganese concentration from 1.0�M to 275�M reduced vegetative growth and grain yield in both cultivars, the reduction being greater for Bragg than for Lee. The reduction in grain yield at high manganese levels resulted mainly from a reduced individual seed weight and a lower number of pods, with a slight reduction in the number of fertile nodes. There was no effect of high manganese supply on oil and protein levels or on the germination percentage of harvested seed. Manganese deficiency reduced vegetative growth, advanced flower initiation and pod formation, and decreased the grain yields of both cultivars. The reduced seed yield was mainly due to a reduction in the number of pods per plant and the individual seed weight. Manganese deficiency also reduced the concentration of oil in the seeds, but there was no effect on seed protein level or on the germination percentage cf harvested seed. Seed manganese concentration increased with the supply of the nutrient, but no difference in concentration was found between the two cultivars.

Weeds in grain-lupins. 1. The effect of weeds on grain-lupin yields

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Allen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Different Levels

Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) were grown at two densities in weed free conditions and with different levels of either capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) or annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Capeweed that germinated six weeks before the lupins prevented grain production. Germinated with the lupins, 30 capeweed plants m-2 reduced grain yields by 20 per cent compared with 10 capeweed plants m-2, which was not significantly different from the weed free control. Thirty capeweed plants m-2 that germinated six weeks after the lupins did not reduce grain yields. Ryegrass reduced grain yields by 70 per cent when it germinated six weeks before the lupins. Germinated with the lupins, 90 ryegrass plants m-2 reduced grain yields by 47 per cent compared with the weed free control. Ninety ryegrass plants m-2 that germinated six weeks after the lupins did not reduce grain yield.

Increasing phosphorus concentration in lupin seed increases grain yield on phosphorus deficient soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
BH Paynter ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
The Difference

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing the higher P concentration produced larger yields of dried whole tops in early August (69-day-old) for all levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed, the difference decreasing from about 45 to 10% as the level of superphosphate increased from 5 to 60 kg P/ha. By maturity (mid- November), however, plants grown from seed containing the higher P concentration in seed produced higher DM yields of tops and grain only when 5 and 20 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, the differences being about 40 and 20%, respectively.

Correction of manganese deficiency in barley crops on calcareous soils. 1. Manganous sulphate applied at sowing and as foliar sprays

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
TG Heard ◽  
AM Alston
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Barley was grown in six field experiments from 1963 to 1969 on calcareous (>80 per cent CaCO3) soils of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Manganous sulphate was applied to the soil at sowing at 0 to 16 kg ha-1 Mn and to the plants as foliar sprays (1.3 - 1.8 kg ha-1 Mn per application). The effects on shoot and root growth, and manganese uptake in the shoots were measured during the season, and grain yields were determined. Application of manganous sulphate to the soil at sowing increased shoot and root growth and the manganese content of the shoots, and progressively delayed the appearance of manganese deficiency symptoms. However, all crops showed symptoms by the time of stem extension irrespective of the amount of manganese applied to the soil. The maximum grain yield response to soil application was obtained with 6 kg ha-1 Mn. Foliar application of manganous sulphate delayed the appearance of deficiency symptoms and increased grain yield in three of the experiments. Two or three sprays were more effective than a single spray, particularly where no manganese was applied to the soil at sowing. A combination of both soil and foliar application of manganous sulphate (6 kg ha-1Mn added to the soil at sowing and two or three foliar sprays) produced the highest grain yields and usually prevented the occurrence of deficiency symptoms.

SEEDING RATE EFFECTS ON LOW-TILLERING SPRING WHEATS IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
High Tillering ◽  
Plot Design

To determine if increased seeding rates would alter relative yields of traditional and low-tillering genotypes, a high-tillering (Neepawa), a low-tillering (Siete Cerros), and an oligoculm (M1417) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype were seeded in replicated field trials at two locations in 1984 and 1985. A four-replication split-plot design, with genotypes assigned to main plots and seeding rates (40, 80 160, 320 and 640 seeds m−2) to subplots, was used for each experiment. Grain yield and its components were measured on individual plots or on main stems of five plants in each plot. All three genotypes expressed maximum yield at the same seeding rate (640 seeds m−2 in 1984 and 320 seeds m−2 in 1985) in the semiarid conditions of these experiments. Despite diverse tillering habits, the relative yields of these three genotypes could not be altered by changing seeding rates. On average, Siete Cerros (low-tillering) yielded 15% more than Neepawa and 17% more than M1417. Neepawa had lower grain yields than M1417 at all seeding rates in 1984, but higher grain yields in 1985. A similar change in relative performance of these two genotypes was observed for harvest index of the main stem but not for main stem grain yield kernels spike −1 on the main stem or kernel weight.Key words: Wheat (spring), oligoculm, yield components, genotype-environmental interaction.

Effects of nitrogen timing and frequency of fungicide applications on grain yields of winter barley in Ireland

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Conry ◽  
B. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Timing ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYThe effects of varying the timing of nitrogen application and the frequency of fungicide sprays on the incidence of foliar disease and on the grain yield of winter barley (cv. Panda) were investigated at two sites in Ireland over three years, 1986–88. Nitrogen application timing had little effect on the amount of foliar necrosis due to disease but delaying application of all the nitrogen until April significantly reduced grain yields in two of the three years when compared with standard split dressings in March and April. The reductions in yield reflected small differences in 1000-grain weight.The number of fungicide sprays applied had significant effects on the amount of foliar necrosis and on grain yields. One-spray and two-spray programmes increased average yield by 16 and 32%, respectively. The yield increases were attributable to more ears/m2 and larger grains (greater 1000-grain weight). Fungicides also delayed the onset and significantly reduced the amount of brackling. Delaying nitrogen application in the spring did not decrease the number of fungicide sprays required to achieve maximum yield.

Lupin grain yields and fertiliser effectiveness are increased by banding manganese below the seed

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Grain Yields

The effectiveness of manganese fertiliser for seed (grain) production of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was measured in 31 field experiments when manganese sulfate, applied at 0–15 kg manganese/ha was either: (i) placed (drilled) with the seed at about 5 cm; (ii) applied to the soil surface (topdressed) before sowing; or (iii) banded about 8 cm below the seed (13 cm below the soil surface) while sowing. Relative to the nil-manganese treatment, additions of manganese fertiliser increased yields by 190–1870 kg seed/ha. Increases were greatest for manganese banded below the seed (average increase 1100 kg seed/ha) followed by manganese drilled with the seed (average increase 845 kg/ha), while the topdressed manganese fertiliser was least effective (average increase 670 kg/ha). Additions of manganese fertiliser did not affect plant density (measured 1 month after sowing) or the yield of dried shoots. A concentration of manganese in the main stem of about 20 mg/kg was a reliable predictor of manganese deficiency in lupin grain yield. It is therefore recommended that manganese fertiliser is banded about 8 cm below the seed while sowing lupin rather than the present practices of either drilling the manganese fertiliser with the seed or topdressing it before sowing.

scholarly journals Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽  
Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽  
Renato Schneider Júnior ◽  
Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

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