Flowering time and the natural distribution and dry matter production of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) populations

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Significant Yield

The flowering times of 58 collections of Townsville lucerne from typical sites in northern Australia have been recorded in three spaced plant experiments near Townsville. Thirty-six collections were grown in 1963-64, 15 in 1964-65, and 17 in 1965-66. All the late flowering collections came from sites receiving at least 45 inches annual rainfall. The five collections from south of Rockhampton were all of the early or midseason type and all collections from the far northern areas were late flowering. Partial regression analysis was used to relate the flowering time of a collection to the rainfall (for the five months interval from January to May) and latitude of the collection site. In the first two experiments rainfall, latitude and (latitude)2 all contributed significantly to the regressions, but in the third experiment only rainfall was significant. Correlation coefficients for 1963-64, 1964-65, and 1965-66 were +0.83, +0.97, and +0.93 respectively. A selection was derived from a collection by bulking seed from single spaced plants selected for uniform flowering time and growth habit. The dry matter yields of some collections and selections were compared in two sward experiments near Townsville in 1964-65 and 1965-66. In 1964-65 there were significant yield differences between collections (experiment A, P<0.01) and between selections (experiment B, P<0.001). There were differences in the rates of vegetative growth and differences in the length of growing season, with late flowering types being able to make better growth late in the season when early types were flowering and seeding. Types with erect growth habit had the highest yields and seemed to compete better with sown grasses than the prostrate types. There were no significant yield differences in 1965-66, a very dry year, and the late flowering types failed to set seed.

Effects of seed size and maturity on the growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Agung ◽  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Matter Production

The importance of seed size and flowering time to yield in faba bean has not been well defined for many of the faba bean growing areas of southern Australia. The objective of this work was to examine the relative importance of these traits to yield of dryland faba bean at 2 sites in South Australia. Grain yield, seed growth rate, the partitioning of dry matter to the seed, and water use efficiency for dry matter production and yield of faba bean cultivars differing in seed size and maturity were measured. Early-, intermediate-, and late-flowering accessions in each of 3 seed size classes, large (>1200 mg/seed), medium (800-1200 mg), and small (<800 mg), were grown at the Waite Institute (623 mm average annual rainfall) and Charlick Experiment Station (509 mm). A small-seeded and intermediate flowering cultivar, Fiord, which is well adapted in South Australia was also included. Dry matter production and grain yields at the Waite Institute were higher than at Charlick and the difference tended to be greater in the large-seeded accessions. Average yields at the 2 sites were about 400 g/m 2 and were not consistently related to seed size, although the highest yielding accession at both sites was large-seeded. Among the small- and medium-sized seed accessions, the early-flowering accession yielded more than late-flowering accessions, but among the large-seeded accessions there was no relationship between flowering time and yield. Although there were significant differences between accessions and sites in individual yield components, yield was not significantly correlated with any particular component. There was strong compensation between seed number and seed size and high yields were obtained from a range of seed sizes. In contrast there was a positive relationship between dry matter production and yield. Partitioning of dry matter during pod filling and harvest index differed little between genotypes. Yield was therefore related to biomass accumulation, and whether this was partitioned between a small number of large seeds or a large number of small seeds was not an important factor.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Modern Peanut Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Plots

The productive potential of new peanut cultivars has increased over the years in relation to old cultivars, especially when compared with ones with upright growth habit. Thus, the requirement for macronutrients for these new cultivars may also have increased, making the existing fertilizer recommendation tables obsolete, thus increasing the need for further studies measuring the real macronutrient requirements of these new peanut cultivars. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth patterns and the macronutrient absorption rate throughout the biological cycle of three modern runner peanut cultivars, as well as the potential for producing dry matter, pods, and kernels, and their respective macronutrient accumulations. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plots and nine replications. The experimental plots consisted of three peanut cultivars (IAC Runner 886, IAC 505, and IAC OL3), and subplots consisted of nine plant samplings (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 105, 126, and 147 days after emergence (DAE)). Our results showed that modern peanut cultivars presented nutrient accumulation around 30 to 40 days earlier than older cultivars, as well as increasing the uptake by K and Ca. IAC 505 absorbed higher amounts of macronutrients and resulted in greater dry matter production compared with IAC OL3 and IAC Runner 886. Our study demonstrated that the most appropriate time for plants to find greater availability of nutrients in the soil is 70 to 84 DAE, in addition to highlighting the need for updates on nutritional recommendations for higher yields of modern peanut cultivars.

Effects of Genotype and Rainfall on Forage Oats in a Semi-arid Region

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThere were significant differences in dry matter yield among five forage oat varieties tested at ten environments during 1970–75. The correlation coefficients between annual rainfall and DM yield varied with variety from 0·69 to 0·88, late varieties tending to give higher yields. Lateness, and high varietal response to annual rainfall and improved environmental conditions, can be used as selection criteria in semi-arid regions. Late varieties had higher DM and lower crude protein contents, and forage produced under lower rainfall conditions tended to have more DM and crude protein.

INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND WATER STRESS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND DEVELOPMENT RATE OF BARLEY MEASURED IN HEAT UNITS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. DWYER ◽  
D. W. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Maximum ◽  
Significant Yield

Barley (Hordeum vulgare ’Bruce’) was grown in a greenhouse under three photoperiods (8, 12 and 16 h) and nine watering treatments, resulting in different timing, duration and intensity of water stress. Phenological development, according to the Feekes scale, was monitored three times a week and leaf area was measured weekly from tillering to ripening. Final aboveground and root dry matter production and grain yield were obtained at harvest. Phenological observations were fit to a nonlinear photothermal model that expressed phenological development as a function of heat units modified by photoperiod. In the absence of water stress, maximum leaf area was directly proportional to photoperiod and the time of maximum leaf area was delayed at longer photoperiods. Water stress hastened leaf area senescence and, in general, the more severe the stress, the greater the reduction in leaf area. Most stress treatments also resulted in lower shoot/root ratios than found in well-watered controls, as well as significant yield reductions. Reduction in biomass and yield components appeared independent of photoperiod. In contrast, not only was phenological development rate proportional to photoperiod, but the effect of water stress on development rate was modified by photoperiod. Development was significantly delayed by several water stress treatments; no treatment significantly hastened development. A stress period from tillering to the beginning of stem extension caused the largest, and most consistent, delay and the duration of the delay was inversely proportional to the photoperiod.Key words: Barley, degree days, phenology, leaf area, biomass

Cold tolerance of inbred lines and sister line crosses of maize with different genetic backgrounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szundy ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
L. C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shoot Mass

An improvement in the early spring cold tolerance of maize would allow it to be grown in more northern areas with a cooler climate, while on traditional maize-growing areas the profitability of maize production could be improved by earlier sowing, leading to a reduction in transportation and drying costs. The cold tolerance of crosses between inbred lines and sister line crosses belonging to three related groups that combine well with each other (BSSS, Iodent, Lancaster) was tested in the Martonvásár phytotron. The results confirmed those of earlier experiments and led to the following new conclusions: - the average emergence time of the tested Iodent inbred lines was longer than that of the BSSS and Lancaster groups, - all three groups contained inbred lines with significantly earlier emergence than the others, - the average emergence percentage and individual shoot dry matter production in the Iodent group were also lower than in the other two groups, - a close negative correlation (r = -0.70) was found between the number of days to emergence and the individual dry shoot mass. The results were used to select inbred lines and sister line crosses with various genetic backgrounds that could be used in crosses aimed at improving the resistance of hybrids to cold stress in early spring.

The effect of photoperiod on flowering, growth habit, and dry matter production in four species of the genus Stylosanthes SW

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Mannetje L t
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Short Days

S. humilis H.B.K., S. guyanensis (Aubl.) Sw. subsp, guyanensis, S. mucronata Willd., and S. montevidensis Vog. were subjected to photoperiods of 8,10,12, and 14 hr in the CSIRO Phytotron in Canberra. S. guyanensis and S. humilis appeared to be short-day plants and S,.montevidensis a long-day plant for flowering. S. mucronata showed a rather indefinite response, but appeared to flower more rapidly under short days than under long days. Under photoperiods of 8 and 10 hr, S. humilis had a prostrate habit and S. montevidensis plants were stunted, while under photoperiods of 12 and 14 hr both species grew erect. S. guyanensis and S. mucronata showed no differences in growth habit with photoperiod. Dry matter yields for the 12 and 14 hr photoperiods were significantly larger than those for the 8 and 10 hr photoperiods for all species except S. mucronata, which gave a significantly higher yield only under the 14 hr photoperiod.

Variation in flowering time and in some growth characteristics of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis)

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Stem Colour

Significant variation (P<0.001) in flowering time was found between collections of Townsville lucerne (Styloanthes humilisHBK.) from a number of localities in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Collections also varied in plant diameter, growth habit, stem colour, and degree of hard-seededness. Further avenues of study to elucidate the origin and significance of this variation are briefly discussed.

Evaluation of chickpea varieties under compartmental bunding in rainfed situation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Patil ◽  
N. Loganandhan ◽  
M. N. Ramesha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Extension Gap

Compartmental bunding (CB) and improved chickpea varieties were evaluated in ten farmers’ fields during rainy-winter (kharif-rabi) seasons of 2012-13 in Vertisols at Bellary, India. Adopting improved chickpea varieties of BGD103 and JG11 during winter season increased the grain yields from 12.5 to 15.9%, respectively over locally cultivated A1 variety. The CB that was laid out during July (rainy season) conserved rainwater in-situ and further increased the grain yield of chickpea up to 36.7% in BGD103 and 43.9% in JG11. The increase in grain yield from 24.2% (JG11) to 27.8% (BGD103) indicates that CB is effective for in-situ rainwater conservation and improving profile soil moisture in Vertisols. However technology gap during study period was higher compared to extension gap and it was attributed to drought situation with only 81.2% of mean annual rainfall. Technology index was higher in this study and varied from 48.3% (Cultivation of BGD103 variety with CB) to 60.6% (Cultivation of JG11 variety without CB) indicating that technology index can be reduced and chickpea yields can be increased and sustained with adoption of improved chickpea production technologies including in-situ rainwater conservation practices at farmers fields. Correlation studies also indicate that grain weight, stover weight and total dry matter production per plant ultimately determine the chickpea grain and stover yields in the Vertisols of Bellary region during winter season. Higher gross and net returns with greater B:C ratio was observed with layout of farmers fields with CB and cultivation of JG11 variety.

Stocking density of cattle and herbage production on Mediterranean grassland

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Seligman ◽  
M. Gutman ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
I. Noy Meir ◽  
H. Baram
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Activity Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

SUMMARYA Mediterranean grassland was grazed with beef cattle at 0·5, 0·67 and 0·83 cows/ha, all the year round for 5 years. Range forage became increasingly scarce during the dry season, especially at high stocking density, and more supplementation was needed to maintain the animals. Herbage consumption was calculated from standard requirements for recorded body weight and performance. Maintenance requirements were multiplied by a grazing activity factor of 1·6.Mean annual herbage dry matter production was estimated at c. 3·06 ± 0·137 t/ha. Most of the variation between years was due to a particularly productive year in 1978. Contrary to expectation, stocking density had a small effect on total herbage production, despite significant differences in animal performance. It appears that herbage production of the seasonally temperate herbaceous range, typical of the basaltic hills in eastern Galilee in Israel, is not limited by total annual rainfall. Alternative limiting factors are nutrient deficiency and restricted rooting zone, or a combination of both.

Comparative responses to manganese excess of eight tropical and four temperate pasture legume species

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MP Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Temperate Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Eight tropical legumes and four temperate legumes were grown in water culture and their response to excess manganese was determined by comparing relative dry matter production (tops and roots), manganese, calcium, and nitrogen percentages in the dry matter. The tropical legumes as a group were as much affected by excess manganese as the temperate legumes. There were varying degrees of tolerance within each group. The growth of the different species varied over a wide range but this had nothing to do with sensitivity to manganese. The concentrations of manganese in the roots of two species representing the most tolerant and the least tolerant species were examined. They suggested that the relative tolerance of species depends in part on retention of manganese within the root system. Manganese treatments had little effect on the calcium and nitrogen concentrations in the dry matter (tops) of the majority of species examined. The diagnosis of manganese toxicity may be made by comparing manganese concentrations in the tops with toxicity threshold values obtained by the authors and other workers, and used in conjunction with the visual symptoms of manganese toxicity which have been observed for the various species. Toxicity threshold manganese values in the dry matter of the tops obtained in this investigation were: Centrosema pubescens 1600, Stylosanthes humilis 1140, Lotononis bainesii 1320, Phaseolus lathyroides 840, Leucaena leucocephala 550, Desmodium uncinatum 1160, Glycine javanica 560, Phaseolus atropurpureus 810, Trifolium repens 650, Medicago sativa 380, Trifolium fragiferum 510, and Medicago truncatula 560 p.p.m.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document