The influence of cutting frequency on the yield, composition and persistence of irrigated lucerne

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
P/Radcliffe JC Judd
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Fibre Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Cutting Frequency

Irrigated Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa), grown at Milang, South Australia, was harvested at three, four, five, and six-week frequencies during the summers of 1964-65 and 1965-66. During the second season, dry matter yields were measured and representative subsamples analyzed for crude protein, digestibility, and crude fibre. Plant density was estimated at the end of the experiment. Maximum dry matter yield was obtained when the six-week cutting frequency was used, but lucerne quality was significantly reduced below that obtained from the five-week cutting frequency. Yield and plant density were significantly reduced by the three-week cutting regime, and substantial weed invasion was recorded.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

DYSPROSIUM AS AN INERT MARKER FOR SWINE DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
M. J. APPS
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
Fecal Collection ◽  
Induced Radioactivity

The feasibility of using dysprosium as an inert marker for digestibility studies with swine has been investigated. Eight barrows and eight gilts of initial weight averaging 65 kg were fed four different diets with crude fibre levels ranging from 4.1 to 10.2%. Dysprosium was included in the diets at 25 ppm and the induced radioactivity in feed and fecal samples, following irradiation in the Canadian SLOWPOKE reactor, was measured with a Ge(Li) detector coupled to a 4096 multichannel analyzer. Dysprosium was evenly distributed in feed and fecal samples. Ingested dysprosium was quantitatively recovered in feces and there was no evidence of variation in its daily excretion following a 7-day adaptation period. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility coefficients obtained with the dysprosium ratio technique were not significantly different from those determined by means of total fecal collection. The present results indicate that dysprosium, as determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, can be used as a reliable indicator in swine digestibility studies.

scholarly journals Growth response and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs to qualitative and quantitative feed restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
C. P. Njoku ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
L. T. Egbeyale ◽  
B. J. Sanya ◽  
R. O. Situ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Feed restriction is a relevant management tool use in modificationof livestock growth patterns by reducing their maintenance requirement, leading to improved feed efficiency and utilization. This study assessed the effect of qualitative and quantitative feed restriction on growth parameters and nutrients digestibility of growing pigs. Fifty four (54) mixed breed pigs with initial body weight of 6.72±0.38 kg were arranged in a 3x3 factorial arrangement for a 150-day study: Factor A consists of 3 levels of qualitative feed restriction (20%, 18% and 16% crude protein) and Factor B consists of 3 levels of quantitative feed restriction (adlibitum, 90% and 80% of ad-libitum feed offered). The experimental animals were grouped on weight equalization into 9 treatment groups of 3 replicates of 2 pigs per replicate. Growth performance data were collected on weekly basis and nutrient digestibility was carried out on the 11th week of the experiment. Data obtained were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. Final body weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by increment in dietary crude protein.The pigs fed 20% crude protein recorded the best FCR of 1.36. Quantitative feed restriction had no influence on the growth parameters studied. Feed quality and quantity offered had significant (P<0.05) influence on excreted faeces, faecal dry matter output, excreted faeces/dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, ether extract, crude fibre digestibility and ash. Similar (P>0.05) mean values of excreted faeces, faecal dry matter output, excreted faeces/ dry matter intake, crude protein digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, ash and ether extract were recorded for pigs fed 18% and 16% of crude protein respectively. It can be concluded from this study that a combination of qualitative and quantitative restriction (at 18% crude protein with 80% of ad libitum feed offered)can be used as management tool to improve feed utilization in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting frequency and nitrogen application on herbage yield and nitrogen content of a degraded Panicum maximum pasture.

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
J. E. Asiegbu ◽  
C. C. Onyeonagu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weekly Interval ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Second Year

The effects of cutting frequency and levels of nitrogen on revitalization of a run-down pasture were investigated in 2000 and 2001 at Nsukka, Nigeria. Grass swards were cut at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks and received 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha' nitrogen. Grass dry matter yield was increased from 52 to 75% at the 3 and 6 weeks intervals of cutting, respectively. Weed proportion was reduced from 48 to 25% with 6-weekly cuts compared with more frequent cutting at 3 weeks interval between cuts. Cutting interval did not affect the total herbage yield. The dry matter yields of leaf blade, stem and inflorescence fractions increased significantly with increase in interval between cuts in the second year. The percentage nitrogen content was highest with 3-weekly interval of cut and decreased with high interval of cuts in the second year. Crude protein yield (kg ha') was highest with 6- and followed by 3- and 9-weekly intervals of cut and decreased with lar cutting of 12-weekly interval. Fertilizer-N treatment significantly increased total annual herbage dry matter yield from 3,460 kg ha yrl where no fertilizer N was applied to 5,233 kg ha-yr' with application of 450 kg N ha-'. Grass dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was increased from 57 to 80% with the highest N rate of 450 kg Nha compared with where N was not applied, while the weed dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was reduced from 43 to 20% with the highest N rate of 450 kg N ha compared with where N was not applied at the second year. A combination of 6-weeks interval of cutting with 450 kg N ha' gave the highest dry matter yield. It was also adequate in suppressing weed. Frequent cutting at higher levels of fertilizer N (300 - 450 kg ha'') increased the nitrogen and crude protein percentages of forage foliage while 6-weekly interval of cuts when combined with higher N levels gave the highest crude protein yield per hectare per year in the foliage herbage. 

Studies of the effects of manuring and season on the yield and chemical composition of the cattle cabbage

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

1. Ten manurial treatments were applied annually to cattle cabbage grown in a six-course rotation for 7 years. Samples were taken in the early winter each year, and from five harvests taken at fortnightly intervals in the last year.2. The dry-matter yields each year closely followed the weather conditions during the growing season. There was no significant fall in the dry-matter yield during the last season. The treatments supplying phosphorus or phosphorus and potassium substantially increased yield, but the application of nitrogen did not.3. The application of nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus increased the levels of these constituents in the crop in practically all cases. The application of phosphorus produced hearted plants which contained significantly less dry matter than the openleavod plants produced in its absence. The levels of ether extract, crude fibre, ash, silica and magnesium wore not significantly affected by the manorial treatments.4. There was little variation in composition as the season advanced except for significant increases in the crude-fibre levels and decreases in the nitrogen-free extractives levels.5. The distribution of the chemical components was investigated in the outer leaves, heart leaves and stem of the plant. This was compared with that in the marrow-stem kales.6. The chemical composition of the cattle cabbage compares fairly closely with that found for the marrow-stem kales grown under similar conditions. It is, however, lower in dry matter, crude fibre, magnesium and chlorine. It may be considered as a replacement for marrow-stem kale as a source of crude protein and all the major minerals except chlorine and possibly magnesium.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
I.R. Muhammad ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A.K. Mohammed ◽  
R.J Tanko ◽  
M.S. Kallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval. 

DIGESTIBILITY OF RYE AND ITS VALUE IN PELLETED RATIONS FOR PIGS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Digestibility and N-retention were determined with eight barrows fed rye and barley in a crossover experiment. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility coefficients for rye were higher than those for barley, but differences in N-retention were negligible. The coefficients obtained by indirect measurement were higher than those determined directly. Seventy-two pigs were used in a factorial experiment to determine the effect on production of feeding two grades of rye at 0, 30 and 60% of pelleted and non-pelleted finisher rations. Weight gains by barrows compared with gilts were affected less by the addition of rye to the rations. The growth rate of gilts was reduced by the inclusion of 30% rye in non-pelleted but not in pelleted rations. The use of No. 2 grade rye appeared to have restricted rate of gain less than did No. 3 grade rye. The feeding value of rye was improved by pelleting, since the daily gain of 0.75 kg obtained by feeding a 30% rye, pelleted ration equalled that from pigs fed a 0% rye, non-pelleted ration.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

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