The effect of three factors on the incidence of tender wool in deferred grazing management

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
Gradual Release

The effects of three factors on the incidence of tender wool were studied in a deferred autumn grazing management system with Merino wethers. The factors were age of wethers, level of hand feeding during the deferment period, and rate of release to saved pasture at the end of the deferment period. Sudden release to saved pasture resulted in a higher incidence of tenderness than did gradual release. The incidence of tenderness also increased as the level of hand feeding was reduced. Age had no significant effect.

The system efficiency in mediterranean sown irrigated pastures consumed by lactating ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
R. Caballero ◽  
M. Arauzo ◽  
P.J. Hernaíz
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Management System ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Practical Management ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

A three years field experiment in practical management conditions was carried out at La Poveda Field Station with the aim of establishing the relationship between allowance and intake and estimating the overall efficiency of the grazing system.A paddock grazing management system was implemented with grazing time restricted to eight hours per day. 90, 98 and 98 lactating ewes of the Hanchega breed in its spring lambing season were used in 1985, 1986 and 1987 respectively.

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON THE GRAZING MANAGEMENT SESSION

1984 ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Better Than

This collection of papers does four significant things: 1. It concentrates on hill country. 2. Precisely defines the research environment in pasture levels and animal production terms. One can clearly see the consequences in animal production at different times of the year when pre-grazing and residual herbage levels are defined and varied and to see the effects of different grazing systems at these pasture levels. Much better than high vs low stocking rates. 3. Attempts to set pature targets as well as animal production targets. 4. Defines critical pasture DM levels both below which pasture production is reduced, and above which control is lost. The proximity to these critical levels will, for a farmer, more precisely define the grazing management system he should adopt and the levels of animal production he should be able to achieve

scholarly journals Archaeozoological Studies at Konoplyanka, the Southern Trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. Y. Rassadnikov
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Management System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Subsistence Strategy ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pastoral Economy ◽  
Draught Animals

Konoplyanka is a fortifi ed settlement associated with the Sintashta culture and dating to 1920–1745 cal BC. The faunal sample was studied with regard to standard traits and markers of pathology, rather recently adopted in Russian archaeozoological studies. The results are relevant not only to herd composition and age at slaughter but also to the animals’ state of health. The analysis of pathologies provides information about the herders’ skills and the housing of domestic ungulates. Ethnographic data relating to the modern grazing management system in the same area and information received from herdsmen were widely used. This makes it possible to assess the carrying capacity of the land and to arrive at a more accurate reconstruction of the pastoral economy. Markers of osteophagy among the domestic ungulates are analyzed and the phenomenon is discussed in the context of settlement archaeology. The study showed that animal husbandry was the predominant subsistence strategy. Markers of animal pathology indicate a high level of herding skills. The cattle were used as draught animals. Osteophagy attests to places where animals were kept. The predominant system was homestead herding, all or most animals being likely kept within the settlement throughout the year.

Grazed pasture parameters. III. Relationships of pasture and animal parameters in, and general discussion of a stocking rate and grazing management experiment with dairy cows

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Stocking Rates

1. Pasture parameters have been correlated with animal production parameters from a trial in which two management systems (‘controlled’ and ‘uncontrolled’ grazing), each at two stocking rates (0.95 and 1.19 cows/acre), were compared.2. Per acre butterfat production was positively related to percentage utilization of available D.M., but negatively related to yield of available D.M.3. Per cow butterfat production was significantly and positively correlated with yield of available D.M. in the two months after calving (August and September) and in the penultimate month of lacta-tion (April), but this correlation was not significant in other months.4. It is concluded that management system was as important as stocking rate in increasing the utilization of pasture and animal production from pasture.

Grazing Management Strategies for Reseeded Rangelands in the East Kimberley Region of Western Australia.

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker ◽  
SB Tunbridge
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Continuous Grazing

Grazing management strategies involving continuous grazing, wet season rest, dry season rest and a range of stocking rates of steers were evaluated on reseeded rangeland at Ord Regeneration Research Station by the use of temporary exclosures within continuously grazed paddocks. The rangeland is a patchwork of plant communities in various stages of regeneration. Under continuous grazing, liveweight gain in three of the four years of the trial was more closely related to botanical differences between paddocks than to stocking rate although all paddocks were confined to the one land unit. Animals generally selected those parts of the pasture where regeneration of perennial grasses was least advanced and the vegetation was characterized by short annual and semi-perennial species. Differences in the yield of these species between paddocks accounted for much of the variation in liveweight gain. Perennial species contributed most to animal production when seasonal conditions were poor. Over the study as a whole, year-in-year-out stocking rate was much more important than management system (proportion of wet season grazing) in determining vegetation changes. Nevertheless, selective grazing of the short grass patches will prevent the use of a continuous grazing strategy in these pastures. However, continued regeneration should be feasible under a tactical management system in which grazing is managed to ensure that a minimum level of cover is maintained on the short grass phase and that the end of dry season utilization level for the key perennial species does not exceed an average (over years) of about 30 per cent.

Effect of sward cutting management on the relative performance of perennial ryegrass varieties

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. GILLILAND ◽  
R. L. MANN
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Management System ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Management Change ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Valid Estimate ◽  
Simulated Grazing

The performance potentials of six perennial ryegrass varieties for conservation or grazing use were compared between 1994 and 1996 in N. Ireland. They were maintained, either under constant lax defoliation (conservation) or constant severe defoliation (simulated grazing) management for 3 years, or annually alternated between these two managements with the changeover taking place either in autumn or at the first cut of the following year. Starting one set with lax defoliation in the first year and the other with severe defoliation created duplicates of these two alternating treatments. The results showed that variety yield differed depending on the season and the management imposed and there were differential responses to the various treatments. Conducting an alternating management system that implemented the management change in autumn provided a valid estimate of yield performance potential for both simulated grazing and conservation use, compared to constant management systems. Although significant differences in variety ranking between lax defoliation and severe defoliation management yields were only observed in the third year, the study showed that if the management change was implemented in autumn, the yield potential of varieties in the following year was not affected by the preceding year's management regime. Leaving a longer sward (6 cm) to over-winter increased the spring performance of the varieties in some years, compared to a shorter sward (3 cm), which may have implications for grazing management. There were also indications that imposing an alternating management system might alter the absolute magnitude of the sward density ratings relative to a constantly managed system, though variety rankings would remain unaffected.It was concluded that the current alternating management testing system used to evaluate candidate varieties for UK National or regional recommended lists, does not cause any variety to be unfairly advantaged or disadvantaged.

scholarly journals WINTER GRAZING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS BASED ON INCORRECT PASTURE GROWTH RATES

1988 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P.N.P. Matthews ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
G.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management System ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Rotation Length ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Winter Grazing

Comparisons were made between three winter grazing management systems based on different pasture growth rate predictions. Management systems were chosen to restrict ewes to their budgeted intakes while at the same time reaching a target of 1500 kg DM/ha average pasture cover at lambing. Two of the three farmlets failed to meet their planned objectives. Changes in average pasture mver were frequently the result of an interaction between pasture growth rate and herbage intake. It was concluded that rotation length alone gave insufficient control over the management system and for a farmer to be able to make appropriate adjustments a minimum level of monitoring would be to estimate animal intake rate and average pasture cover.

scholarly journals Towards Further Understanding the Secondary Fracture during Spaghetti Bent Break

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Long Long ◽  
Yuxuan Zheng ◽  
Fenghua Zhou ◽  
Huilan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Beam Theory ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Time Parameter ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Flexural Waves ◽  
Secondary Fracture ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Extremum Value ◽  
Gradual Release

When a brittle thin rod, such as a dry spaghetti stick, is bent beyond its flexural limit, it often breaks into more than two pieces, typically three or more. This phenomenon and puzzle has aroused widespread interest and discussion since its first proposal by Feynman. Previous work has partly explained the inevitability of the secondary fracture, but without any adjustable time parameter. In order to further understand this problem, especially the secondary fracture, in this paper we propose and study the dynamics of a half-infinite model to mimic the physics that a spaghetti stick is half-infinite under uniform bending. When the breaking process starts, a gradual release of initial moment of a linearly declining time at the free end, instead of a sudden release, is adopted, resulting in the introduction of a characteristic time parameter to the model and agrees better with the real situation. A specific analytical solution in terms of the excited bending moment using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is derived, and that the gradual release of initial moment induces a burst of flexural waves, and these flexural waves locally increase the moment in the stick and progressively get to the maximum value, and then lead to the secondary fracture are concluded. The excited moment increases with time and distance, and has an asymptotic extremum value of 1.43 times initial moment. The gradual release in our model requires and gives certain distance and time when the excited bending moment reaches its extremum value, which provides a possibility to predict the detailed fracture parameters such as fragmentation length and time and thus to further understand the secondary fracture during spaghetti bent break.

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