scholarly journals Archaeozoological Studies at Konoplyanka, the Southern Trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. Y. Rassadnikov
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Management System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Subsistence Strategy ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pastoral Economy ◽  
Draught Animals

Konoplyanka is a fortifi ed settlement associated with the Sintashta culture and dating to 1920–1745 cal BC. The faunal sample was studied with regard to standard traits and markers of pathology, rather recently adopted in Russian archaeozoological studies. The results are relevant not only to herd composition and age at slaughter but also to the animals’ state of health. The analysis of pathologies provides information about the herders’ skills and the housing of domestic ungulates. Ethnographic data relating to the modern grazing management system in the same area and information received from herdsmen were widely used. This makes it possible to assess the carrying capacity of the land and to arrive at a more accurate reconstruction of the pastoral economy. Markers of osteophagy among the domestic ungulates are analyzed and the phenomenon is discussed in the context of settlement archaeology. The study showed that animal husbandry was the predominant subsistence strategy. Markers of animal pathology indicate a high level of herding skills. The cattle were used as draught animals. Osteophagy attests to places where animals were kept. The predominant system was homestead herding, all or most animals being likely kept within the settlement throughout the year.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR SANITARY PROCESSING OF FOOTWEAR AND CLOTHES OF LIVESTOCK WORKERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Paliy ◽  
Andriy Paliy ◽  
K. V. Ishchenko K. V. ◽  
S. A. Mikhalchenko
Keyword(s):  
Branch Pipe ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Start Button ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Effective control of the quality and safety of livestock products is possible only with the implementation of a scientifically grounded complex of veterinary and sanitary and general economic measures. The goal of our work was to develop effective ways to sanitize clothing and footwear of workers in the livestock industry. The studies were carried out following the current methodological approaches that are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Based on the results of the research carried out, two methods and one device have been developed to ensure a high level of veterinary and sanitary measures in animal husbandry. It has been proven that for the sanitization of clothing of workers in the animal husbandry industry, it is effective to use a disinfectant, which includes the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (0.09–0.36%), adipic acid (0.01–0.04%), sodium bicarbonate (0.01–0.04%), sodium carbonate (0.003–0.01%), water (99.887–99.55%) when exposed for 30 minutes. For disinfection of workers' footwear, it is advisable to use disinfectants filled with a disinfectant that contains dichlorantin (0.021–0.21%), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (0.0164–0.164%), a dispersant (0.012–0.12%), anionic surfactants (0.005–0.05%), corrosion inhibitor (0.01–0.1%), filler (0.0356–0.356%) and water (99.9–99.0%). An innovative device for cleaning and disinfection is proposed - a shoe disinfector, which consists of a waterproof box with a bottom wider than the top, filled with a disinfectant solution, a branch pipe for removing waste solution, a brush shaft, which is fixed in the upper part of the waterproof box, an electric motor with a rotational speed 2 rev/s., Which serves as a drive shaft brush, control panel with a start button and a stop button. The proposed developments complement the existing regulations on veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock farms and complexes.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern Analysis of a Water-Related Ecosystem Service and Evaluation of the Grassland-Carrying Capacity of the Heihe River Basin under Land Use Change

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rui Luo ◽  
Shiliang Yang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Pengqun Gao ◽  
Tianming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Heihe River Basin

A key challenge to the sustainability and security of grassland capacity is the protection of water-related ecosystem services (WESs). With the change of land use, the supply of aquatic ecosystem services has changed, and the grassland-carrying capacity has been affected. However, the correlation mechanism between WESs and the grassland-carrying capacity is not clear. In this study, we used the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model to evaluate the impact of land-use change on WESs, and made a tradeoff analysis between WESs and grassland-carrying capacity. Considering that the Heihe River Basin (HRB) was an important grassland vegetation zone, which was a milestone for the development of animal husbandry in China, HRB was taken as a case. The main findings are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of WESs shows the dissimilation rule, the upper reaches are the main water yield area, the soil retention is weakening in the middle and lower reaches, and the pollution has further increased in the middle and upper reaches. (2) The carrying capacity of animal husbandry decreased in the upper reaches, increased in Shandan County and Zhangye City in the middle reaches, and decreased sharply in other regions. (3) There was a positive correlation between the livestock-carrying capacity and nitrogen export in 2018, which was increasing. As the change of land use has changed the evapotranspiration structure, WESs have undergone irreversible changes. Meanwhile, the development of large-scale irrigated farmland and human activities would be the source of a further intensification of regional soil erosion and water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to trade off the WESs and animal husbandry under land-use change. This paper revealed how WESs changed from 2000 to 2018, the characteristics of the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution, and the carrying capacity. It aims to provide a scientific basis for coordinating the contradiction between grassland and livestock resources, improving the regional ecological security situation, and carrying out ecosystem management.

State Medical Emergency System in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Zuratynski ◽  
Daniel Slezak ◽  
Kamil Krzyzanowski ◽  
Rafal Szczepanski ◽  
Sylwia Jaltuszewska
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

The first ambulance service in Poland was established in 1891 in Cracow. Many tips and assistance concerning the creation of the ambulance were provided by the organisers of the first ambulance in Europe (the Vienna ambulance in 1883). Since January 2007, the Act of 8 September 2006 on the National Medical Rescue Service has been a binding legal act. The aim of the Act is to introduce the functioning of the emergency medical system, both through a high level of health services based on the standards of Western countries and providing the required solutions in the area of emergency notification. The State Medical Rescue System was established to provide assistance to any person in need who is in a state of health emergency. The owner of the PRM system unit must ensure the readiness of people, resources and organizational units. The units of the PRM system providing services only in case of an emergency are: medical rescue teams, including airborne medical rescue teams and hospital emergency departments.

Study on Water Resources Efficiency with the Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity into Consideration

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng WANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Resources Carrying Capacity ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
High Level ◽  
Regional Water

Most of the existing studies on regional water resources efficiency only consider the total regional water use while ignoring the regional endowment. Therefore, it is essential to introduce the water resources carrying capacity into the study. Given that data envelopment analysis (DEA) cannot compare the time series of a single decision-making unit, we employ the DEA-window analysis to study China’s water resources efficiency during 2005–2012 with the regional carrying capacity being considered, and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution. The study shows that such efficiency has increased from 0.71 in 2005 to 0.79 in 2012. High water resources efficiency is observed in Liaoning, Tibet, Yunnan, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Sichuan, where the output levels and utilization ratios of water resources are positively correlated. Low water resources efficiency is observed in Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang which feature high-level utilization and low carrying capacity of water resources. As for regional water resources efficiency, eastern and southern coastal regions rank first, followed by Northeast China and northern coastal regions, southwest and northwest regions of China and lastly the middle reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Therefore, policy-makers should not only accord the regional development with carrying capacity, but also enhance cross-regional industrial cooperation for coordinated development.

scholarly journals The global geography of human subsistence

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 171897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Gavin ◽  
Patrick H. Kavanagh ◽  
Hannah J. Haynie ◽  
Claire Bowern ◽  
Carol R. Ember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Human History ◽  
Subsistence Strategy ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Model Inference ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Human Subsistence

How humans obtain food has dramatically reshaped ecosystems and altered both the trajectory of human history and the characteristics of human societies. Our species' subsistence varies widely, from predominantly foraging strategies, to plant-based agriculture and animal husbandry. The extent to which environmental, social and historical factors have driven such variation is currently unclear. Prior attempts to resolve long-standing debates on this topic have been hampered by an over-reliance on narrative arguments, small and geographically narrow samples, and by contradictory findings. Here we overcome these methodological limitations by applying multi-model inference tools developed in biogeography to a global dataset (818 societies). Although some have argued that unique conditions and events determine each society's particular subsistence strategy, we find strong support for a general global pattern in which a limited set of environmental, social and historical factors predicts an essential characteristic of all human groups: how we obtain our food.

The effect of three factors on the incidence of tender wool in deferred grazing management

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
Gradual Release

The effects of three factors on the incidence of tender wool were studied in a deferred autumn grazing management system with Merino wethers. The factors were age of wethers, level of hand feeding during the deferment period, and rate of release to saved pasture at the end of the deferment period. Sudden release to saved pasture resulted in a higher incidence of tenderness than did gradual release. The incidence of tenderness also increased as the level of hand feeding was reduced. Age had no significant effect.

Social landscape of the night parrot in western Queensland, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Garnett ◽  
Mark Kleinschmidt ◽  
Micha V. Jackson ◽  
Kerstin K. Zander ◽  
Stephen A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wild Dogs

The attitudes of the owners or managers of properties potentially supporting populations of night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) in western Queensland, Australia, were explored using interviews to understand whether they would be sympathetic to the species’ conservation. Eighteen interviews were carried out by a former member of the local grazing community and found a high level of support for conservation, especially if it did not unduly disrupt existing grazing management practices and there was compensation in the event property management needed to change. This included trying to limit burning and not overgrazing habitat in which the parrot might occur. It also included the cessation of wild dog baiting, which is conducted to reduce calf losses, although concern about wild dogs was deeply entrenched. While some graziers were indifferent, none were openly antagonistic to parrot conservation that might involve their property. The results suggest that collaborative management with local graziers can contribute substantially to conservation of the night parrot in the region and any fears that graziers might be antagonistic to night parrot conservation are ill-founded.

A Configurable Module Based Technology for Complex Engineering Process Management Systems

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Song ◽  
Zenzhi Li ◽  
Yintai Ao ◽  
Xuejian Xiao ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Make To Order ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Function Modules ◽  
Function Module ◽  
High Level

An integrated end-to-end lifecycle engineering process management system is deemed critical to boost the manageability, efficiency and responsiveness of an engineering enterprise. The challenge lies in the realization of such a system that is flexible and scalable. To overcome the challenge, a configurable module based system technology is developed to simplify the realization of a complex process management system and to offer the system a high level of flexibility and scalability. The technology is based on the belief that a complex process management system can be built by a set of static and process-based function modules. Each of the function modules consists of a set of categorized elements to meet the desired functional requirements. These categorized elements can be extracted into a unified process model upon which a configurable modular can be developed. The modular can be configured into a desired function module with specific functional requirements. The assignment of the function modules to the specific roles at the lifecycle processes forms a system. The technology has been successfully applied in a company specializing in make-to-order operations.

scholarly journals Main directions of the development of the risk management system in corporations

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Natalia Rykhtikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Management System ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
General System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
High Level

Actuality and relevance of implementation of the risk management processes in the general system of management in organizations are justified in this article. Three major issues can be pointed out as referred to the implementation of the risk management system in modern organizations, such as 1) a high level of costs combined with relatively long payback period; 2) lack of the universal approach to the implementation of the risk management procedures; and 3) difficulties in identification of perspective directions of the systems under consideration. The basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporate structures are defined based on the results of comparative analysis of the experience of Russian and foreign companies. The activity in the field of risk management of such corporations as “Rusgidro”, “NMLK”, the Investment Company “RUSS-INVEST”, “Severstal”, “Gazpromneft”, “Metalloinvest”, “Philips”, “Nestlé”, and “Unilever” became the object of our research. Comparative analysis of practices of implementation of the risk management system has been performed based on the following criteria: organizational structure of management, register and prioritization of risks, structure and methods of risk management, and effectiveness of the risk management systems. The results of the study allowed identifying the following basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporations: amending register of prioritization of risks; increasing level of integration of the risk management procedures into the basic business processes of the corporations; expanding of use of the external assessments, credit rankings, etc. in the framework of implementation of the risk management procedures; increasing level of unification of methods of risk assessment and management that finally would be a prerequisite for improving effectiveness of the risk management systems in organizations.

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