Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban

The post-emergence herbicides, difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl and dichlofop methyl were evaluated for their effect on wild oats (Avena sterilis and A. fatua) and selectivity in wheat and barley crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland. Barban was included as a standard treatment. These herbicides generally did not provide complete control of wild oats. Wild oat control as measured near harvest-time, was equally as good with tillering or pre-tillering applications, with only two exceptions. Production of wild oat spikelets was reduced by all herbicides. However, although spikelet numbers were reduced to a very low level occasionally, spikelet production was usually quite substantial (500 to 1500 m-2). The most consistent increases in grain yield were obtained from dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1), difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1) and barban (0.175 kg ha-1) when applied prior to the tillering stage of the wild oats. With a few exceptions, dichlofop methyl, difenzoquat, and flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1) applied during tillering did not increase grain yield. Difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl were also evaluated at 1.5 and 0.9 kg ha-1 respectively. Apart from a small yield increase in two trials there was no advantage from these higher rates. For dichlofop methyl a rate of 0.5 kg ha-1 was less effective than 0.75 kg ha-1 in one of two trials in 1976. In weed-free trials, flamprop-methyl reduced the height and grain yield of the cultivar Kite, but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars. The damage occurred when flamprop-methyl was applied at the end of tillering, but not at the early tillering stage. These trials show that an increase in grain yield can occur when the effect on the wild oats has been only moderate, so herbicide performance should not be judged only by the effect on the wild oats.

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Lentil (Lens culinaris) Yield as Influenced by Duration of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060768 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 669-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

William S. Curran ◽

Larry A. Morrow ◽

Ralph E. Whitesides

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Data ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Control Measures ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Time Periods

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) interference in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik). An infestation of 32 and 65 wild oats/m2 maintained up to 5 weeks in the field did not reduce lentil grain yield. However, 32 wild oats/m2 reduced yields 32% when allowed to remain for 7 weeks and 49% if they remained until harvest time (11 weeks). Sixty-five wild oats/m2 reduced grain yield 42 and 61% for the same time periods, respectively. In the growth chamber, 69 wild oats/m2 reduced lentil plant dry weight 29% if allowed to remain for 3 weeks, 61% for 5 weeks, and 72% for 7 weeks (harvest time). The field data suggest that wild oat control measures may be delayed for several weeks after lentil emergence without reducing crop yield.

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Nitrogen efficiency of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea98045 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

W. K. Anderson ◽

F. C. Hoyle

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Efficiency ◽

Grain Protein ◽

High Ability ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Applied Nitrogen

Summary. Experiments were conducted at 3 sites in Western Australia in 1993 using 33 wheat cultivars and crossbreds. Two rates of applied nitrogen fertiliser (0 and 40 kg/ha of nitrogen) were used to screen the lines for efficiency of nitrogen uptake, grain yield and grain protein production per unit of nitrogen applied, and nitrogen translocation to the grain. This information can be useful in determining nitrogen fertiliser strategies for wheat cultivars in the field. Nitrogen uptake in the plant tops was measured during the season and in the grain and straw at maturity. Grain yield, grain protein and nitrogen efficiency parameters were not markedly different between grain quality grades which are largely based on grain hardness. Yield efficient lines (high net yield increase per unit of applied nitrogen) were characterised by greater net uptake and net utilisation efficiencies but had similar yields and grain protein percentages as yield inefficient lines. Protein efficient lines (high net grain protein increase per unit of applied nitrogen) also had greater uptake efficiencies but lower utilisation efficiencies than protein inefficient lines. No lines were both yield and protein efficient suggesting that lines either use fertiliser nitrogen preferentially in yield production or in production of protein. The results indicate that in nitrogen-responsive situations it will be more profitable to use yield-efficient lines. Further investigation is needed to examine the suggestion that where soil nitrogen levels are higher (and yield responses to nitrogen are less) a greater economic return may come from using protein efficient lines. Some wheat lines had a high ability to recover fertiliser nitrogen applied to the crop. Others had a high ability to take up soil nitrogen. It is postulated that these differences may be due to differences in root systems. Some mid- and long-season lines that had high concentrations of nitrogen in the tops at anthesis metabolised that nitrogen poorly into grain yield or protein. This suggests that nitrogen efficiency may be partly related to maturity relative to length of growing season.

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Effect of wheat seeding rate on wild oat competition

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9800077 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 20 (102) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

BJ Radford ◽

BJ Wilson ◽

O Cartledge ◽

FB Watkins

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Population Densities ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Wheat Population ◽

A Site

A series of field trials was sown on black earth soils on the Darling Downs, Queensland, with five wheat seeding rates x five levels of wild oat infestation. The lowest seeding rate required to produce optimum grain yield at a site was higher in wild oat infested plots than in weed-free plots. Increase in seeding rate reduced the dry weight of wild oats at maturity and increased the dry weight of wheat at maturity until wheat population density exceeded 150 plants m-2. Increase in seeding rate also reduced wild oat seed production, especially at low wild oat population densities.

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The effectiveness of resistance genes from wild oats, Avena sterilis, against oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenue, in Canada in 1969

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b70-306 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 2117-2121

Author(s):

George Fleischmann

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Crown Rust ◽

Puccinia Coronata ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Avena Sterilis ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Oat Crown Rust

All isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, identified in Canada in 1969 were inoculated onto 12 different lines containing resistance from wild oats, Avena sterilis, collected in Europe and the Middle East. Lines that contain resistance genes Pc-38 and Pc-39, and wild oat collections CI 8081 and F158, provide effective resistance to nearly every culture of crown rust. Regional differences in the level of virulence of crown rust cultures isolated from eastern and western Canada were observed on lines that contain A. sterilis resistance, with cultures of crown rust isolated from the east being generally less virulent than those from western Canada.

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Seed Longevity and Seedling Emergence Behavior of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Sterile Oat (Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana) in Response to Burial Depth in Eastern Australia

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Gulshan Mahajan ◽

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Seed Longevity ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Avena Sterilis ◽

Complete Control ◽

Emergence Pattern ◽

Eastern Australia

Abstract Weed emergence time and the longevity of weed seeds within the soil play an important role in implementing a timely and effective weed control program. In this study, the seed longevity and emergence pattern of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and sterile oat [Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne] were monitored in field conditions. Fresh seeds of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana were placed into nylon bags (50 seeds per bag in three replications for three locations in Southeast Australia: Gatton, Narrabri, and St. George) and buried at depths of 0, 2, and 10 cm in November 2017. Bags were exhumed at 6-mo intervals over 30-mo to evaluate seed germination, viability, and decay components. The seed decay component of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana followed an exponential pattern. On both the surface and at the 10 cm burial depth, 50% of the seeds of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana had decayed by 6-mo. The seeds of A. fatua persisted longer at 2 cm depth than at other depths, particularly at St. George where 90% of the seeds decayed after the 30-mo study. However, at Gatton and Narrabri, 90% of the seeds of A. fatua at this depth had decayed after 18-mo of seed placement in the soil. In the emergence pattern experiment, the emergence of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana from different burial depths was also studied (2017-2019). The emergence of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana was greater from 2 cm (29-36%) and 5 cm (18-43%) soil depths compared to the surface (5-10%) and 10 cm (3-9%) soil depth. A. ludoviciana emerged earlier (2253 growing degree days, GDD; March 14, 2018) than A. fatua (3364 GDD; May 23, 2018). Both species exhibited high emergence between May to June 2018, and the last cohort of each species was observed in October 2018. The highest seedlings emergence occurred at the start of the winter season (May), which emphasizes the need for early PRE weed control such as tillage, herbicide application, and cover crops to ensure crops are planted in a clean seedbed. The continued emergence of these weeds into the spring season (October) emphasizes the need for extended periods of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana management. The results also suggest that management strategies that can control all emerged seedlings over two years and restrict seed rain in the field could lead to complete control of Avena spp. in the field.

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Tolerances of wheat cultivars to post-emergence wild oat herbicides

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9850677 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 677 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D Lemerle ◽

AR Leys ◽

RB Hinkley ◽

JA Fisher ◽

B Cullis

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

New South ◽

The Other ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

South Wales ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Visual Assessments

Sixteen spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates, and three times the recommended rates, and three times the recommended rates of barban, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl in 1978 and 1979. Differences between cultivars in their tolerances to barban and diclofop-methyl were identified in the grain yield responses to three times the recommended rates of these herbicides. Crop damage was more severe in 1978 than 1979. Olympic, Shortim, Teal and Warimba were consistently susceptible to barban, while Condor, Cook, Egret and Oxley were more tolerant than the other cultivars. The differences between cultivars treated with diclofop-methyl were smaller and variable. However, Lance, Teal and Tincurrin were the most sensitive whilst Cook, Kewell and Oxley showed the greatest tolerance. Visual assessments of crop damage did not accurately reflect crop tolerance, therefore grain yield should be used to identify susceptible cultivars.

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Grain Yield Increase in Recent Argentine Wheat Cultivars

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800050015x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1203-1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

P. E. Abbate ◽

F. H. Andrade ◽

L. Lázaro ◽

J. H. Bariffi ◽

H. G. Berardocco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield Increase

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Competitive Ability of Winter Wheat Cultivars with Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500071393 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

R. S. Balyan ◽

R. K. Malik ◽

R. S. Panwar ◽

S. Singh

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Unit Area ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted during the winters of 1986–87 and 1987–88 at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to classify the ability of winter wheat cultivars to compete with wild oat. Wild oat reduced winter wheat grain yield by 17 to 62% depending upon cultivar. WH-147 and HD-2285 were the most competitive cultivars. Winter wheat dry matter accumulation and grain yield were negatively correlated with wild oat dry matter. A high number of tillers, particularly in HD-2009, WH-291, and S-308, did not always translate into grain yield advantage in wild oat-infested plots. Wheat height and dry matter accumulation per unit area during early crop growth were better characters than number of tillers for predicting the competitive ability of wheat cultivars to wild oat.

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