Response of a conventional and a semi-dwarf wheat, and rape, to superphosphate

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (100) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Dann ◽  
CBH Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dwarf Wheat

The effects of seven levels of superphosphate (nil, 40,80,120, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) on Eagle, a conventional wheat, and Condor, a semi-dwarf wheat, and Oro rape, were studied in 1975 and 1976 near Yass, New South Wales. The experiments also provided limited information on the combined effects of nitrogen fertilizer (70 kg N ha-1) and wheat sowing rates (30 and 60 kg ha-1). In both years the response to superphosphate by the two wheats was similar, the highest superphosphate rate more than doubling yield, but the response by the rape was much less. Condor outyielded Eagle by 32%, and Oro by 63%. Wheat yields were 22% greater at the higher sowing rate. In 1975, nitrogen reduced wheat yields by 23%. There was no residual effect on 1975 fertilizer treatments on crops sown in 1976. The effect of increasing superphosphate rates was due to the production of more spikes per hectare; the heavier sowing rate also increased this yield component. The superiority of Condor over Eagle lay in the production of more, and greater weight of, grains per spike.

Varieties of tomatoes for mechanical harvesting on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of NSW

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
JB Sumeghy ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Of Harvest

To test the potential suitability of ten tomato varieties in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales to mechanical harvesting, the yields from 'once-over' harvests were compared with the yields from a harvest consisting of four pickings at weekly intervals. In a second experiment the effect of plant spacing, time of harvest, and side-dressing with nitrogen fertilizer were studied for the most promising varieties from the first experiment. The varieties Roma 884, VF145-22-8, and VF145 held their crops for prolonged periods without deterioration and so showed potential for mechanical harvesting. High planting density gave the highest yields from a single picking, and later picking and nitrogen side-dressing also increased yield.

Response of Inga rice to nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing in New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
LG Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Two experiments were done at the Yanco Agricultural Research Centre, New South Wales, in 1978-79 and 1979-80 to measure the response of long grain rice, cv. Inga, to rates of nitrogen applied at two different times. The highest yields were recorded when the nitrogen was applied at panicle initiation. Increasing the rate from 100 to 200 kg N/ha at panicle initiation had no effect on grain yield. When the nitrogen was applied earlier, just before permanent water, yields were highest at 50 kg N/ha and declined at the highest rates (150 and 200 kg N/ha). This negative yield response was mainly due to a drop in the percentage of filled florets, and occurred despite an increase in panicle number.

Production of two species and two interspecific hybrids of phalaris under irrigation in south-west New South Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Read ◽  
JV Lovett
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Production

Two phalaris hybrids (Siro 11 46 and allopolyploid) and the parent lines (Phalaris aquatica and P. arundinacea) were compared in monoculture with nitrogen fertilizer and in a mixed sward with white clover and lucerne. The experiment was flood irrigated and the effects of defoliating the swards at intervals of 21, 42 and 84 days were measured. The hybrid (Siro 11 46) was the most productive genotype at all defoliation intervals. Eighty one % of its annual yield occurred in spring and summer. This production imbalance renders Siro 11 46 unsuitable as the foundation of a pasture for high production throughout the year. The mixed sward produced more than the monoculture sward when defoliated every 21 or 42 days and there was increased production associated with increased defoliation interval. The monoculture sward was more productive than the mixed sward at an 84 day defoliation interval. The yield of Siro 1146 + white clover was 2.25 t ha-1 per 84 days, compared with a mean yield of phalaris + white clover of 1.78 t ha-1 per 84 days for the three other genotypes. The results indicate that Siro 11 46 grown with white clover and defoliated approximately every 42 days would be a suitable alternative pasture to Paspalum dilatatum and white clover in the two-pasture system used in irrigation areas of southern New South Wales. The problems of low acceptability and suspected toxicity of Siro 1146 are discussed.

What soil information do crop advisors use to develop nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for grain growers in New South Wales, Australia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Schwenke ◽  
Luke Beange ◽  
John Cameron ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Steve Harden
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Soil Information

Characters contributing to high yield in Currawong, an Australian winter wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. J. Penrose ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
K. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
South Central ◽  
South Wales

This study investigated characters that contribute to high grain yield in the recently released Australian winter wheat, cv. Currawong. Currawong was released as a feed grade wheat for south-central New South Wales, with a 10% yield advantage over the highest yielding milling wheat with winter habit, Rosella. When expressed as a percentage of the grain yield of Rosella, Currawong was found to perform best at sites with low soil pH and high grain yield. These sites corresponded to the wetter eastern margin of the wheatbelt in south-central New South Wales. While part of the yield advantage of Currawong is due to its tolerance of soil acidity, there remains an ability to yield particularly well in environments conducive to high yield. In yield component studies that were conducted over 2 seasons at Temora, the yield advantage of Currawong appeared to be associated with its grainfilling characters. Currawong had a more rapid rate of grainfill, and/or a longer duration of grainfilling than other high-yielding winter wheats, leading to significantly heavier grain. From a plant breeding perspective, the high yield of Currawong is significant for demonstrating rapid genetic gain for yield in Australian winter wheats. The yield of Currawong also demonstrates the possibility of combining high grain yield with the Sr26 stem rust resistance. Characters that confer high yield in Currawong may be of limited benefit in environments where drought stress limits the duration of grainfilling in wheat.

Effect of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer on production of autumn sown rape (Brassica napus) on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw ◽  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
South Wales

Two factorial field experiments, comparing the effects of a range of seeding rates and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the winter and early spring yield of rape (Brassica napus CV. Dwarf Essex) sown in early autumn, were conducted in two successive years near Orange (33.2�S, 149.1�E), New South Wales. Average annual rainfall is 34 inches and winter mean temperatures range from 42-45�F. Seeding rates of from 9 to 15 lb an acre and nitrogen fertilizer at 80 lb N an acre at seeding gave near optimum winter and early spring yields. This combination gave a three-fold increase in yield over sowings at 3 lb an acre without nitrogen fertilizer. The responses to seeding rate and nitrogen were independent in winter, but these factors interacted to affect yield in early spring. The dry matter content of rape varied between 11.5 and 19.3 per cent and was generally unaffected by seeding rate, but tended to decrease slightly with increased nitrogen level. Nitrogen percentage, which fluctuated between 2.18 and 3.61, was little affected by increased seeding rate and generally showed a small increase with increasing levels of applied nitrogen.

Effect of soil acidity and liming on lucerne and following crops in central-western New South Wales

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Mullen ◽  
B. J. Scott ◽  
C. M. Evans ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carry Over

On some of the lighter textured soils in the wheatbelt of central-western New South Wales near Dubbo, soil acidity is a major problem, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) often establishes and grows poorly. We selected a site with a surface soil pHCa of 4.4 and an exchangeable aluminium of 0.4 cmol(+)/kg, which was also acidic down the soil profile. Experimental plots of 4 application rates of lime (nil, 1, 2 and 3 t/ha) in 4 replications were established. The site was limed in 1990 and lucerne sown in May 1991. Over the next 6 years the trial was periodically grazed with sheep, and lucerne regrowth and stand density were monitored. In October 1997, the lucerne was removed and 3 crops of varying acid tolerance (wheat, barley and canola) were sown as split plots in both 1998 and 1999. Lucerne density was higher in the limed plots compared with the unlimed treatment, and this difference persisted for 6 years. Dry matter production of lucerne was increased by lime applied at rates up to 2 t/ha. All 3 crops sown after the lucerne phase responded to lime applied 8 and/or 9 years earlier. The responses were attributed to the strong residual effect of the lime in the 0–10 cm soil layer, to smaller improvements in the 10–20 cm zone (possibly due to the movement of lime down the soil profile over the 7 years before the date of measurement) and to carry over effects of nitrogen fixation by the lucerne into the cropping phase. The protein content of the wheat grain was increased concurrently with grain yield due to the previous liming and resultant legume nitrogen effects. The results support the application of lime to improve the productivity of lucerne and subsequent crops, even when the soil is acidic to depths below the cultivation layer.

Effect of limited irrigation on growth and yield of a semi-dwarf wheat in southern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Thompson ◽  
DL Chase
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Dwarf Wheat

The semi-dwarf wheat cv. Egret, was subjected to moisture stress at specific growth stages in a field experiment in the Murmmbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales. The 6 treatments ranged from natural rainfall (129 mm of effective rainfall) to flood irrigations in the spring. Moisture stress during spike emergence and anthesis reduced yield from 7.0 to 3.3 t/ha through reductions in spikesJm2 (37%), individual grain weight (15%) and grain number per spike (13%). Stress during grain filling reduced yield by 20% mainly through a 16% reduction in individual grain weight. Irrigation treatment also significantly influenced dry matter production, plant height, leaf area, duration of grain filling and grain protein. Where irrigation water supply is limited, the best strategy would be avoidance of moisture stress during tillering through to spike emergence. An effective rooting depth of 70-80 cm was extended to >110 cm under severe moisture stress during grain filling, but at the expense of considerable yield.

Problems in assessing insecticidal control of Amnemus species (Coleoptera. Curculionidae) in clover pastures of north coastal New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Braithwaite ◽  
Annette Jane
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
One Year ◽  
Made In

Results are presented of 15 experiments made in north coastal districts of New South Wales from 1957 to 1961 with insecticides against the weevils Amnemus quadrituberculatus (Boh.) and A. superciliaris (Pasc.), the larvae of which have been reported as pests attacking the roots of clover (Trifolium repents, T. pratense and T. subterraneum) there. The adults live above ground, and single surface applications of insecticides were made to pastures in the form of dusts, granules or dilutions of emulsifiable concentrates in January, when maximum numbers of weevils were present and before significant oviposition had taken place. Insecticidal control was assessed by soil sampling for larvae in July–August, during the following winter. Pasture cuts were made in an attempt to assess the effect of treatments on the yield of clover.Dieldrin at rates of 2 and 4 lb. per acre gave near eradication of Amnemus for one year, and satisfactory control was obtained with 1 lb. per acre. Aldrin, endosulfan (Thiodan) and BHC were less effective, and limited tests with heptachlor suggested that it was inferior to dieldrin. The scanty results available suggest that dieldrin is effective against Amnemus for only one year, but it is doubtful if annual applications are warranted. Owing to the patchy distribution of clover in the pastures, only one experiment showed an increased yield of clover associated with the reduction in numbers of larvae of Amnemus brought about by the application of 1 lb. dieldrin per acre. Similarly, poor persistence of clover on all plots prevented assessment of any residual effect on yield in the second year.No method was found by which accurate estimates could be made of the density and distribution of adults of Amnemus in pastures to which insecticides were to be applied. Treatments, therefore, were replicated more frequently than was needed statistically in order to ensure that measurable levels of larval infestation were present at sufficient sites.Small plots (500–700 sq. ft.) proved of little value, and this is attributed not only to contamination of control plots but possibly also to the death of weevils that moved from untreated into treated plots. Large plots (13,000–21,000 sq. ft.) gave the most consistent results in assessment of insecticides.Control of Amnemus did not increase the productivity or persistence of clover, and it is concluded that any benefits from control are unlikely to be significant unless other factors, such as competition from grasses, drought, floods, nematodes and diseases of clover, which affected the density and persistence of clover in these experiments, are not limiting.

Sod-seeding of rice in New South Wales

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Boerema
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

In a series of five experiments in the irrigation areas of N.S.W., currently grown rice varieties were sod-seeded and compared under several rates of seeding and levels of applied nitrogen. There were no differences between varieties in their adaptability to the sod-seeding practice. Seedling survival was poor but higher seeding rates increased yields in only one of the four trials where they were tested. Responses to nitrogen fertilizer at seeding were small in the two experiments where it was included, but in one, 80 lb N per acre increased yield from 10,872 lb/acre to 12,292 lb/acre (P<0.05).

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