Effect of limited irrigation on growth and yield of a semi-dwarf wheat in southern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Thompson ◽  
DL Chase
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Dwarf Wheat

The semi-dwarf wheat cv. Egret, was subjected to moisture stress at specific growth stages in a field experiment in the Murmmbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales. The 6 treatments ranged from natural rainfall (129 mm of effective rainfall) to flood irrigations in the spring. Moisture stress during spike emergence and anthesis reduced yield from 7.0 to 3.3 t/ha through reductions in spikesJm2 (37%), individual grain weight (15%) and grain number per spike (13%). Stress during grain filling reduced yield by 20% mainly through a 16% reduction in individual grain weight. Irrigation treatment also significantly influenced dry matter production, plant height, leaf area, duration of grain filling and grain protein. Where irrigation water supply is limited, the best strategy would be avoidance of moisture stress during tillering through to spike emergence. An effective rooting depth of 70-80 cm was extended to >110 cm under severe moisture stress during grain filling, but at the expense of considerable yield.

Yield and yield structure of triticales compared with wheat in northern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sweeney ◽  
RS Jessop ◽  
H Harris
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The yields and yield structure of cultivars of triticales and bread wheats (with a range of phasic development patterns in both species) were compared in 2 field experiments at Narrabri in northern New South Wales. The experiments were performed on a grey cracking clay soil with irrigation to prevent severe moisture stress. Triticales, both early and midseason types, appeared to have reached yield parity with well-adapted wheat varieties. Meaned over the 2 experiments and all sowings, the triticales yields were 19% greater than the bread wheats. Triticales were generally superior to wheat in all components of yield of the spike (1000-grain weight, grain number/spikelet and spikelet number/spike), whilst the wheats produced more spikes per unit area. The triticales also had higher harvest indices than the wheats. The results are discussed in relation to the overall adaptability of triticale for Australian conditions.

The effect of sowing rate on the yield and composition of wheat grown on soils of high fertility in southern New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range

The effects of the different sowing rates of 20, 40, and 60 lb of seed an acre on the yield, bushel weight, composition, and response to fertilizers, of wheat grown on soils of high fertility has been studied in seven field experiments in the wheat-belt of southern New South Wales. Seasonal conditions ranged from drought to lush growing conditions and in addition one experiment was irrigated to reduce the effects of moisture stress on plant growth. Yields ranged from 10 to 70 bushels of wheat an acre and fertilizer treatments gave both positive and negative effects. For the wide range of growth conditions, variation in seeding rate had only small and non-significant effects on grain yields, with the exception of the irrigated experiment where a consistent trend indicated the need for higher seeding rates for maximum yield. Effects of the seeding rates on grain size and composition and fertilizer response, were negligible. Losses in potential grain yield, caused by the exhaustion of soil moisture reserves by excessive vegetative growth of high fertility soils before grain development has been completed, does not seem to be reduced appreciably by the use of low seeding rates.

Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.) 1. Establishment

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
MG McMillan ◽  
AJ Schipp ◽  
AS Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Tiller Stage ◽  
South Wales

Two experiments were conducted at Tamworth, New South Wales, to assess the effects of herbicides applied post-sowing pre-emergence, and at 2 post-emergence growth stages, on Danthonia (wallaby grass) dry matter yield, plant number, and plant phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity was scored visually on a 0-5 scale (0, no phytotoxicity; 5, 100% phytotoxicity). In the post-sowing pre-emergence study, no Danthonia plants survived on plots sprayed with metribuzin (375 g a.i./ha), chlorsulfuron (45 g a.i./ha), or simazine (750 and 1500 g a.i./ha). Phytotoxicity was also high at lower rates of metribuzin (187.5 g a.i./ha) and chlorsulfuron (22.5 g a.i./ha). Dry matter yields and plant numbers on 2,4-D amine and ester treatments were not significantly different from those of unsprayed controls. On metsulfuron-methyl (3 and 6 g a.i./ha) and triasulfuron (21.4 g a.i./ha) treatments, plant numbers were similar to the controls, but Danthonia yields were lower (P<0.05). In seedling stands, the only herbicide that reduced (P<0.05) Danthonia dry matter yield compared with the unsprayed control plots was metsulfuron-methyl applied at 6, 12, and 18 g a.i./ha at the 2-4 tiller stage, and at 12 and 18 g a.i./ha at early stem elongation. At both times of application, Danthonia plant numbers were lowest (P<0.05) on the metsulfuron-methyl 12 and 18 g a.i./ha treatments. Phytotoxicity scores were >2 and highest (P<0.05) on all metsulfuron-methyl plots. These studies indicated that a range of chemicals could be used to control broadleaf weed seedlings, without damaging Danthonia seedlings.

Dry matter production and grain yield from grazed wheat in southern New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. McMullen ◽  
J. M. Virgona
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production

In southern New South Wales, Australia, grazing wheat during the vegetative and early reproductive growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the agronomic management of grazed wheats in southern NSW. The effect of sowing date and grazing on dry matter production and subsequent grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was measured in five experiments in 2004 and 2005. In all experiments, results were compared with ungrazed spring wheat (cv. Diamondbird). Grain yield of the best winter cultivar was either the same or significantly greater than the spring cultivar in each of the five experiments. Within the winter wheat cultivars, there was significant variation in grain yield, protein content and screenings, depending on site and year with the cultivar Marombi out-yielding all others. Interestingly, this cultivar usually had the least dry matter post-grazing but the greatest dry matter by anthesis of the winter wheats. Generally, if sowing of the winter wheat was delayed, then the effects on yield were small or non-existent. The results are discussed with respect to the benefits of incorporating grazing cereals into cropping programs in the medium rainfall zone of southern Australia.

Rapeseed adaptation in northern New South Wales. III.* Yield, yield components and grain quality of Brassica campestris and Brassica napus in relation to planting date

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
South Wales

The response of grain yield, yield components and grain quality of B. campestris and B. napus cultivars to planting date for two seasons at three locations from the north-western slopes to the northern tablelands of New South Wales are reported. The planting date that gave the highest yield varied between species and locations. The two species differed in the way yield components compensated for each other. For example, in B. campestris, yield variation was related to plant population and individual seed weight; in B. napus, both the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod influenced yield. The oil content was highest in early plantings, decreased in later plantings, and was inversely related to protein content. The oil content was also inversely related to mean daily temperature during the grain-filling period. The northern tablelands was a more favourable region for rapeseed production than the northwestern slopes in terms of both grain yield and oil content. Implications of changes in the primary components of yield which are responsible for yield variations with planting date are discussed in relation to breeding objectives for rapeseed cultivar improvement. ____________________ *Part 11, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29: 711 (1978).

Regeneration of annual winter legumes at Tamworth, New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Hagon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Improved Cultivars

The seed production and regeneration of a range of naturalized and introduced cultivars of annual clovers and medics was studied at Tamworth, New South Wales, between 1971 and 1973. Seed production was correlated with maturity grading within species only when moisture stress occurred in late spring. The proportion of seed lost as summer seedlings and the proportion of unrecovered seed were greater the lower the level of hardseededness. A greater proportion of unrecovered seed was recorded for those cultivars which bore their burrs at the soil surface. As a group the medics had a higher proportion of residual hard seeds than did the clovers. The results are discussed in relation to the likely persistence of improved cultivars compared to the successful persistence of the naturalized medics and clovers in the Tamworth district.

Effect of time sowing and cultivar on the development and grain yield of irrigated wheat in the Macquarie Valley, New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range

Field experiments over 2 seasons in the Macquarie Valley of central New South Wales compared yields under irrigation of 5 wheat varieties with a wide range of maturities sown from 8 April to 27 August.Early maturity wheats (Yecora and Avocet) sown prior to 6 May suffered frost damage, while the winter wheats (WW33G and Burgas) sown after 29 July were not fully vernalised and most tillers failed to produce heads. There was a curvilinear relation between time of sowing and grain yield. Excluding the treatments which suffered frost damage, the earliest time of sowing (8 April) produced the highest yield, with a 6.4% yield reduction between 8 April and 8 May. The yield reduction increased with later sowing date: 13.3, 19.3, and 26.5% during May, June, and July. Anthesis in mid September produced the highest yields for all varieties. Treatments which flowered earlier than mid September suffered frost damage. For each day later than 15 September that anthesis occurred, the mean yield fell by 1.3% or about 68 kg/ha.day. Date of anthesis had no detectable effect on the rate of individual grain growth (1.3 mg/grain.day), but the later anthesis occurred, the shorter the duration of grain development and the lower the final grain weight. Rising temperatures, not moisture stress, seems to be the factor causing the decline in yield with late sowing. This experiment was irrigated to eliminate moisture stress but the decline in yield was similar to that reported for dryland crops.

Yield losses in wheat caused by stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) in northern New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Ash ◽  
JF Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
South Wales ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Three field trials were established at Tamworth in northern New South Wales to quantify the effect of stripe rust on the yield of wheat. The yield parameters were total grain yield per plot, 1000-grain weight, number of grain produced per head. tiller number and grain yield per plant. In addition, grain protein and dough and flour quality were determined. The total yield losses were found to be dependent on the cultivar, the timing of the epidemic and the yield potential of the crop. In most cases, early stripe rust epidemics had a greater effect on yield than late epidemics. Total grain yield and 1000-grain weight were most often affected. Long season epidemics affected all the yield parameters, with losses of up to 50% in grain yield being recorded in susceptible cultivars. The quality of dough and flour was unaffected by the fungicide treatments. The results suggest that the levels of resistance of the currently recommended wheat cultivars were sufficient to protect them from yield losses from stripe rust epidemics in most years.

Effects of simulated seedling defoliation on growth and yield of cotton in southern New South Wales

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Mo ◽  
Sandra McDougall ◽  
Sarah Beaumont ◽  
Scott Munro ◽  
Mark M. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Season ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Crop Maturity

Early-season leaf loss due to damage by thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is considered an important issue by Australian cotton growers. To understand the potential impact of early-season leaf loss in the southern region of New South Wales, we investigated the effects of artificial defoliation on cotton growth, maturity timing and lint yield over four seasons (2013–14 to 2016–17) in commercial cotton crops in the Riverina district. Four defoliation scenarios were investigated: (i) complete defoliation, 100% removal of all true leaves from all plants; (ii) partial defoliation by plant, 100% removal of all true leaves from 75% of plants; (iii) partial defoliation by leaf, removal of 75% of leaf area from all individual true leaves on all plants; and (iv) no defoliation. Defoliation was done by hand at the onset of the 2-, 4-, and 6-node growth stages. Defoliated plants were initially shorter than undefoliated (control) plants, but by ~100-days post seedling emergence, height differences were no longer statistically significant in two of the four seasons. Defoliation did not affect the total number of bolls shortly before harvest. However, complete defoliation delayed crop maturity by up to 18 days and partial defoliation by plant delayed crop maturity by up to 8 days. Because of the delays, fully defoliated plants often had fewer open bolls shortly before harvest and yielded significantly less than undefoliated plants in three of the four seasons. A laboratory experiment with caged cotton seedlings showed that weekly introductions of up to10 thrips per seedling (predominantly onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), the most abundant species on cotton in the region) caused significant clubbing in true leaves, but the total leaf area was not significantly reduced at the 6-node stage. Implications of the results for southern cotton integrated pest management are discussed.

Relative drought tolerance of three grass species from the Northwestern slopes of New South Wales.

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
North Western

On the north-western slopes of New South Wales, native pastures are subjected to frequent and often severe moisture stress during the summer growing season (Daniel and Watt 1967) so the relative drought tolerances of the component species may be important in determining pasture composition. Survival of three common native species from this area, Aristida ramosa R.Br., Danthonia linkii Kunth and Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A. Camus, when subjected to water stress was compared in a glasshouse pot trial. The use of cycles rather than a single water stress in drought resistance studies, to simulate field conditions more closely, has been emphasised by Gates (1974). This experiment was designed to determine the relative tolerance of the above three species to repeated, increasing periods of water stress in a limited volume of soil. Pots of different sizes were used to determine the effect of differences in the rate of development of water stress on plant survival.

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