Nitrogen accumulation and distribution at anthesis and maturity in ten wheats grown at three sites in north-western Victoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Flood ◽  
P. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
North Western ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Plant nitrogen relationships were studied in 10 wheat cultivars sown at 3 sites (Horsham, Boort and Walpeup) in north-western Victoria by determining the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen content of plant components at anthesis and maturity. While the concentration of nitrogen varied in different plant components, whole plants at anthesis had a nitrogen concentration below the value required for maximum growth. The time to anthesis had an influence only on grain yield and grain nitrogen percentage at Horsham. Total assimilation of nitrogen at both anthesis and maturity was more strongly correlated to plant dry matter than plant nitrogen concentration. There was a significant negative correlation between grain nitrogen percentage and both nitrogen harvest index and harvest index. Grain yield was strongly correlated with total nitrogen accumulated at anthesis and more strongly correlated with total nitrogen accumulated at maturity. Grain yield was significantly correlated with nitrogen harvest index and more strongly correlated with harvest index. Grain yield was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen percentage. The negative association between grain nitrogen percentage and harvest index has important implications for the breeding of wheat with higher grain nitrogen percentage while maintaining or increasing grain yield. The results indicated that none of the measured parameters could be used for indirect selection aimed at improving grain nitrogen percentage.

DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN IN WHEAT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK M. McMULLAN ◽  
PETER B. E. McVETTY ◽  
AILEEN A. URQUHART
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Dry matter and nitrogen (nitrate and reduced) accumulation and redistribution in four different spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at field density were studied on a plant part and whole plant basis over the growing season for 2 yr. The four cultivars displayed significant differences in plant part and total plant dry matter, harvest index, nitrogen content, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen translocated values at most sample dates in both years. Grain yield was highly correlated with dry matter accumulation (r = 0.88**), while grain nitrogen content was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content (r = 0.95**). Nitrogen harvest index and plant nitrogen content were correlated at anthesis (r = 0.61**), while, as a consequence of this, the amount of nitrogen translocated was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content at anthesis (r = 0.87**). Nitrogen harvest index and harvest index were highly correlated (r = 0.83**), indicating that they may be related processes. Since plant dry matter and plant nitrogen content were not significantly correlated, it should be possible to select simultaneously for these traits to effect grain yield and grain nitrogen content increases on a per-plant basis. Further research will have to be done to determine how these changes will relate to grain nitrogen concentrations and grain yield per unit area.Key words: Wheat, dry matter, nitrogen, yield, protein, Triticum aestivum L.

DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN IN OATS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK M. McMULLAN ◽  
PETER B. E. McVETTY ◽  
AILEEN A. URQUHART
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest ◽  
Plant Basis

Dry matter and nitrogen (nitrate and reduced) accumulation and redistribution in four different spring oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes grown at commercial field density were studied on a plant part and whole plant basis over the growing season for 2 yr. The four cultivars displayed significant differences in plant part and total plant dry matter, harvest index, nitrogen content, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen translocated values at most sample dates in both years. Grain yield per plant was correlated with dry matter accumulation (r = 0.80*). Harvest index was highly correlated with grain yield per plant (r = 0.88**). Grain nitrogen content was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content (r = 0.94**). Nitrogen harvest index and harvest index were highly correlated (r = 0.86**), indicating that they may be related processes. Since plant dry matter and plant nitrogen content were not significantly correlated, it should be possible to select simultaneously for these traits to effect grain yield and grain nitrogen content increases on a per plant basis. Further research will have to be done to determine how these changes will relate to grain nitrogen concentrations and grain yield per unit area.Key words: Avena sativa L., oat, dry matter, nitrogen, yield, protein

Physiological characteristics of recent Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars: Components of grain nitrogen yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Genetic yield gains have been difficult to achieve within the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class, partially because of the requirement for high protein concentration. A previous study indicated that four newer, high-yield CWRS cultivars (registered 1994–1997) also had higher protein yields. The objective of the present study was to determine if the increase in grain nitrogen (protein) yield of the four newer wheat cultivars, relative to two older cultivars, Neepawa (registered in 1969) and Marquis (introduced in 1909), resulted from increased plant nitrogen uptake, more efficient utilization of nitrogen, or a combination of these factors. The higher nitrogen yields were primarily attributed to more efficient utilization and redistribution of the nitrogen rather than increased uptake of soil nitrogen. The nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the new cultivars, considered as a group, was higher than the NHI of Neepawa, which in turn was higher than that of the much older cultivar Marquis. The NHI of each of the new cultivars was higher than that of Marquis. The nitrogen concentration in the non-grain tissue at maturity (NGNCM) of the new cultivars, considered as a group, was lower than that of Neepawa, which in turn was lower than the NGNCM of Marquis. At maturity, all five tissues (leaf blade, stem plus sheath, peduncle, glume, and rachis) for the new cultivars and Neepawa had lower nitrogen concentrations than for the corresponding tissues of Marquis. The nitrogen concentration of the peduncle and leaf-blade tissues of the new cultivars, as a group, were also lower at maturity than the corresponding nitrogen concentrations for Neepawa. The results suggest that low non-grain nitrogen concentration at harvest is associated with improved NHI and grain nitrogen yield in CWRS wheat. This information may improve our understanding of the higher protein yields that have been achieved within this class, and assist in the selection of future parents. Key words: Nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen yield, protein, remobilization, Triticum aestivum

Grain nitrogen concentration differences among three sorghum hybrids with similar grain yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoshita ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

The differences in grain nitrogen (N) concentration among 3 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids with similar grain yield were examined under N-limiting conditions in relation to the availability of assimilate and N to grain. Several manipulation treatments [N fertiliser application, lower leaves shading, thinning (reduced plant population), whole canopy shading, canopy opening, spikelet removal] were imposed to alter the relative N and assimilate availability to grain under full irrigation supply. Grain N concentration increased by either increased grain N availability or yield reduction while maintaining N uptake. Grain N concentration, however, did not decrease in the treatments where relative abundance of N compared with assimilate was intended to be reduced. The minimum levels of grain N concentration differed from 0.95% (ATx623/RTx430) to 1.14% (DK55plus) in these treatments. Regardless of the extent of variation in assimilate and N supply to grain, the ranking of hybrids on grain N concentration was consistent across the manipulation treatments. For the 3 hybrids examined, higher grain N concentration was associated with higher N uptake during grain filling and, to a lesser extent, with higher N mobilisation. Hybrids with larger grain N accumulation had a larger number of grains. There was no tradeoff between grain N concentration and yield, suggesting that grain protein concentration can be improved without sacrificing yield potential.

NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION, AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT AND CULTIVAR YIELD AND PROTEIN LEVELS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. W. CUTFORTH ◽  
R. M. DePAUW ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

A field study was carried out in four environments to determine the effects of available water and cultivar on N and P uptake, translocation, and utilization efficiency of wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars with varying grain yield potential and protein concentration. Two common wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and HY320, and two durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars, DT367 and Wakooma, were studied. HY320 and DT367 had higher grain yield potentials and lower protein concentrations than Neepawa and Wakooma. Total plant N and P uptake was proportional to available water, and was strongly associated with dry matter accumulation. From 67 to 102% of plant N and 64–100% of P present at harvest had been accumulated by anthesis. Postanthesis uptake of N and P was greater under moist than under dry environments. There were few cultivar differences in uptake of N or P, and any differences observed were related to variations in plant dry matter. Nitrogen harvest index ranged from 71 to 85% and P harvest index ranged from 81 to 93%. Both indices responded to environment in the same way as grain harvest index; there were no cultivar differences for either N or P harvest index. From 59 to 79% of N and 75 to 87% of P present in vegetative tissues at anthesis was translocated to the grain; translocation did not vary among cultivars. The efficiency of utilization of N and P in production of harvest biomass and grain was directly proportional to water availability and was greater in the high yield cultivars HY320 and DT367 than in Neepawa and Wakooma. There was no evidence that selection for N uptake, translocation, or utilization efficiency would be useful in wheat breeding.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum, nitrogen harvest index, phosphorus harvest index

The effect of cropping after medic and non-medic pastures on total soil nitrogen, and on the grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Tuohey ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

The effect of medic and non-medic pastures on grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat was studied over 15 seasons on a friable grey clay in the Wimmera. The effects of length and type of pasture ley on grain yield and nitrogen content were closely related to the effects of these treatments on total soil nitrogen. Grain yield was not increased in any season by increasing total soil nitrogen beyond 0.1 10%. The grain yield response to increased total soil nitrogen varied markedly with seasons and most of the variation could be accounted for by variation in November rainfall; grain yield response was greater in years of higher November rainfall. Grain nitrogen content increased with increasing total soil nitrogen over the range studied (0.078% to 0.1 28%). Seasonal variation in grain nitrogen response to total soil nitrogen was mainly associated with variation in September and November rainfall. Higher September rainfall increased the response and higher November rainfall decreased it. The decline in total soil nitrogen that occurred with cropping was strongly correlated with the level of total soil nitrogen before cropping.

Level of activity of nitrate reductase at the seedling stage as a predictor of grain nitrogen yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Dalling ◽  
RH Loyn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Breeder ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Vegetative Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage

The yield of grain nitrogen of 24 wheat cultivars grown in the field was found to be related to the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase (EC1.6.6.1) in the first vegetative leaf of 21-day-old plants grown in a controlled environment. It was concluded that a cultivar's potential for yielding grain nitrogen could be predicted from the activity of nitrate reductase at the seedling stage. This could enable the plant breeder to identify, early in the selection program, lines worth keeping for more advanced testing. Harvest index for nitrogen varied considerably between cultivars, but was usually largest in cultivars with large yields of grain nitrogen. Improvement in harvest index for nitrogen should go some way towards breaking the inverse relation between grain yield and grain nitrogen percentage in plants grown on a limited supply of soil nitrogen.

scholarly journals Interrelationship between grain yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat nitrogen nutrition efficiency

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Olivera Nikolic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Milivoje Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Ground Part

This paper deals with interrelationship between grain yield and some physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as well as interrelationships between these parameters and some yield related traits (biological yield, grain harvest index). The aim of such investigation is to affirm possibilities of using physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as criterions in breeding on its grain yield. The investigation, conducted as three years field trials, included 30 wheat cultivars and perspective lines. There were studied: nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain, in straw and total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen reutilization, post - anthesis nitrogen accumulation and physiological efficiency of nitrogen. The positive and statistically high significant relationships between nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain and in straw, total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen reutilization and post - anthesis accumulation as physiological parameters and grain yield were registered in investigated material. Most of listed parameters, important by grain yield aspect, can be studied easily and measured before wheat vegetative period ends. The investigated parameters can be recommended as criterions for selecting of parental pairs and evaluating progeny in breeding of wheat on grain yield, considering to their determined interrelationships and their measurability.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat in Inner Terai Condition of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabin Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Abstract Unsuitable nitrogen management and low soil fertility are major constraints of wheat production in Nepal. Limited information is available on optimum nitrogen rates and use efficiencies. So a field experiment was conducted on the inner terai to determine the effect nitrogen on yield and improving the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. Level of five doses of nitrogen, 0kg ha-1 (Control), 60kg ha-1,80kg ha-1,100kg ha-1 and 120kg ha-1 were laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replication. Observation on the various parameters of yield attributing characters like plant height(cm), tiller m-2 thousand grain weight(Kg), spike length(cm), grain spike-1was found highest on Nitrogen dose 120 kg ha-1. Similarly, nitrogen at 120kg ha-1 increases the grain yield by increasing the biological yield and harvest index. Grain nitrogen concentration at 120 kg ha-1 is statistically similar with 100 kg ha-1 and 80 kg ha-1 while nitrogen uptake is highest (114.833kg ha-1) in 120kg ha-1 and lowest in control. Agronomic use efficiency is highest observed in 100kg ha-1 and lowest on 60 kg ha-1. Apparent fertilizer N recovery ratio obtained high (49.62%) in 120 kg ha-1 which is statistically similar to 100kg ha-1 (46.97%) and lowest (31.76%) in 60 kg ha-1. While observing agro physiological efficiency and Nitrogen harvest index did not show any significant difference among any treatments. The application of nitrogen at 120kg ha-1 was required to produce the optimum yield and increasing the nitrogen use efficiency traits.

scholarly journals Maize production and field CO2 emission under different straw return rates in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunming Jiang ◽  
Wantai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

In order to understand and clarify the impacts of straw return on maize production and field CO<sub>2</sub> emission in Northeast China, the most important agricultural base of the nation, a field experiment was conducted in 2012–2015, including no straw return (CK), straw amendment at 4000 kg/ha (S<sub>4</sub>), and at 8000 kg/ha (S<sub>8</sub>). The average grain yield was found significantly promoted by the two straw treatments, with comparably increased magnitudes of 11.0% and 12.8% for S<sub>4</sub> and S<sub>8</sub>, respectively, and the benefits were gradually enlarged with increasing experimental duration. Although straw return tends to reduce slightly the harvest index, it was detected that it exerted significantly positive impacts on nitrogen harvest index. These results implied that added straw could lead to raising grain yield and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency simultaneously. In 2015, our monitoring showed that CO<sub>2</sub> emission was elevated with intensified use of straw, and S<sub>4</sub> and S<sub>8</sub> decreased carbon emission efficiency by 7.3% and 13.6%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference between S<sub>4</sub> and CK. Overall, straw addition at the rate of 4000 kg/ha accompanied with inorganic fertilizer was recommended to be adopted in Northeast China, which was considered as a sustainable and relatively environment-friendly agricultural technique during maize production.

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