Seasonal changes in the concentrations of copper, molybdenum and sulfur in pasture plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Reddy ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
KG Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Calcareous Sand ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass

Seasonal changes in the concentrations of copper, molybdenum and sulfur in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), silver grass (Vulpia sp.), Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) growing on lateritic podzolic soils were measured in glasshouse and field studies. The effects of varying soil temperature and water content on the concentrations of copper, molybdenum and sulfur in subterranean clover on a lateritic podzolic soil and a calcareous sand were also investigated. Similar seasonal patterns in plant composition were observed in the glasshouse and the field. The concentration of molybdenum tended to remain constant throughout the season, but that of copper and sulfur declined from autumn to spring; the decline was more rapid in the grasses than in subterranean clover and capeweed. Subterranean clover had higher concentrations of copper and sulfur but lower molybdenum than silver grass or Wimmera ryegrass. Capeweed contained more copper and molybdenum but less sulfur than subterranean clover. The concentrations of molybdenum and sulfur were similar in capeweed and the grasses. lncreasing soil temperature from 12 to 22�C increased the dry matter production and the concentrations of copper and molybdenum (but not sulfur) in subterranean clover on both soils. lncreasing soil water content slightly increased dry matter production and the concentration of molybdenum but had no effect on the concentration of copper and sulfur in subterranean clover. The results are discussed in relation to the health of grazing animals.

Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
C. MacDonald ◽  
B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

Tolerance of subterranean clover cultivars and balansa clover to selective herbicides in Tasmania

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Evans ◽  
RS Smith ◽  
JA Carpenter ◽  
TB Koen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year

Fifteen cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and 1 cultivar of balansa clover (Trifolium balansae Boiss.) were screened for tolerance to 2,4-DB, MCPA-Na salt, MCPA amine, bromoxynil and combinations of these herbicides. The clovers were sprayed at the 3-4 trifoliate leaf stage and dry matter production assessed in the following spring. All herbicides reduced clover dry matter production (DM). The least damaging herbicides to subterranean clover were bromoxynil (0.3 kg a.i./ha) and MCPA-Na salt (0.313 kg a.i./ha) which reduced DM production by 23 and 39% respectively. The most damaging were 2,4-DB (0.8 kg a.i./ha) and MCPA amine (0.313 kg a.i./ha) plus bromoxynil (0.3 kg a.i./ha) which reduced DM production by 62 and 56% respectively. The damage caused by MCPA-Na salt (0.5 kg a.i./ha) plus bromoxynil (0.3 kg a.i./ha) was intermediate, reducing clover production by 44%. Second year seedling regeneration was reduced across all herbicide treatments by 32%. Of the currently recommended cultivars, Trikkala was the most tolerant to herbicides, with an average reduction in DM of 37%. Bromoxynil was the herbicide tolerated best by cvv. Enfield, Karridale, Larisa, Mt Barker and Woogenellup. The most effective weed killing treatments were 2,4-DB plus bromoxynil and MCPA-Na salt (0.5 kg a.i./ha) plus bromoxynil(0.3 kg a.i./ha).

scholarly journals The effects of lime on pasture composition and production in western Waikato hill country

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Boom ◽  
Mike Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Clover Content

A 4-year lime rate trial was established on a hill country sheep and cattle property near Te Akau to determine lime effects on pasture utilisation. Four rates of lime were applied (1.25 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) to 2 m × 2 m plots, from which soil Al, Ca and pH, pasture grazing heights, dry matter production, pasture species composition, feed quality and brix levels were measured. Lime application reduced soil Al (14.6 to 1.1 mg/kg), and increased Ca and pH (5.0 to 6.2) over time in the highest application rate. Dry matter production responded to all rates of lime in each year, and by the fourth year it was 27% greater (1.25 t/ha treatment), 35% greater (2.5 t/ha treatment), 69% greater (5 t/ha treatment), and 97% greater (10 t/ha treatment) than in the un-limed plots. Ryegrass and subterranean clover content increased with lime rate, whereas chewings fescue and dicot weed content declined. There were no sustained differences in pasture grazing heights, feed quality or brix levels between the control and rates of lime. On this site, all rates of lime were economic to apply by truck or plane when the benefits were spread over 4 years, with the greatest cost-benefit from thelower rates of lime.

scholarly journals Productivity and seedling recruitment of naturalised annual clovers versus sown clovers Trifolium repens and Trifolium subterraneum

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
T.M.R. Maxwell ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legume

Abstract Naturalised annual clover (NAC) species (suckling clover, cluster clover, striated clover, and haresfoot clover) are commonly present to locally abundant in summer dry hill and high country areas where white and subterranean (sub) clover abundance is limited. This field trial investigated NAC species dry matter production and seedling regeneration compared to white and sub clover. Autumn seedling recruitment was measured in response to low (75 kg/ha) or high (200 kg/ ha) superphosphate (SP) application. Over two growing seasons, NAC species contributed >90% to pasture legume content while white and sub clover contributed

scholarly journals Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Matter Production

According to current scenarios, atmospheric CO2 -concentration ([CO2]) and average air temperature will rise in the future. The predicted longer growing season in Finland would imply that more productive cultivars and even new crop species could be grown. Moreover, higher [CO2] is also likely to increase dry matter production of crops. This study analyzed the growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under ambient and suggested future conditions, and its response to N fertilization. Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The calibration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions. According to the simulation runs, if a cultivar was adapted to the length of the growing period, the increase in dry matter production was 23% in a low estimate scenario of climate change, and 56% in a high estimate scenario under a high level of nitrogen fertilization. The simulation study showed that the shoot dry weight increased by 43%, on average, under high N fertilization (150-200 kg N/ha), but by less (20%) under a low level of N (25-50 kg N/ha) when the conditions under a central scenario for the year 2050 were compared with the present ones.

The growth of swards of subterranean clover with particular reference to leaf area

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Davidson ◽  
CM Donald
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

An experiment was conducted to study the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) sown at different densities; the control swards were not defoliated while others were subjected to a single defoliation at various dates. During the final month the rate of dry matter production (tops only) increased to a maximum when the leaf area index (the ratio of the area of the leaves to the area of the ground surface — L.A.I.) was about 4-5, falling by about 30 per cent. as the L.A.I. increased to 8.7. The rate of leaf production was greatest at about L.A.I. 4-5, falling to zero at L.A.I. 8.7. Climatic conditions during the growing season influenced the relationship of L.A.I. to growth; as conditions became more favorable the values of the optimum LA.1. for growth and of the ceiling L.,4.1. progressively rose. Irrespective of the density, all swards tended towards a common ceiling L.A.I. and yield by the end of the season. The effect of defoliation depended on the L.A.I. at which defoliation occurred, on the value to which the L.A.I. was reduced, and on current climatic conditions. If swards near the ceiling L.A.I. were defoliated, total dry matter production was slightly increased and there was a great increase in leaf production. On the other hand, defoliation of swards from about the optimum L.A.I. to very low L.A.I. values led to a substantial reduction in both dry matter and leaf production. It is suggested that all these effects depend on the light relationships within the sward and their influence on the balance of photosynthesis and respiration. Pasture at the optimum L.A.I. will give greater production than swards of lower or higher L.A.I.; defoliation can give greatly increased leaf production, unless L.A.I. is reduced to very low values.

Assessment of annual legumes for pastures in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
H Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Dry matter production and seed yields of a range of annual legumes grown in ungrazed swards were measured between 1966 and 1971 on seven sites in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales. Jemalong and Hannaford barrel medics (Medicago truncatula) were the highest yielding medic cultivars tested. Jemalong medic was slightly superior to Hannaford in dry matter production but seed yields were equal. The short season subterranean clovers (Trifolium subterraneum), Dwalganup and Geraldton, yielded much less dry matter and seed than the medics in most experiments. Although the mid-season subterranean clovers, Woogenellup and Clare, persisted for the duration of our experiments, their production was not as consistent as that of the medics, and plant densities decreased. The rose clovers (T. hirtum), Sirint and Kondinin, the cupped clovers (T. cherleri), Beenong and Yamina, and Snail (M. scutellata) and Paragosa (M. rugosa) medics did not produce satisfactory swards.

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