Effect of rootstocks on berry weight and pH, mineral content and organic acid concentrations of grape juice of some wine varieties

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
EH Ruhl ◽  
PR Clingeleffer ◽  
PR Nicholas ◽  
RM Cirami ◽  
MG McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations

The effects of rootstocks (Schwarzmann, Ramsey, Dog Ridge, Harmony, Freedom, K51-40, K51-32, 11OR, 140R, 101-14,1202, 1616, 1613, ARG1, 420A, S04, 5BB, 5A and Rupestris du Lot) on the pH and mineral and organic acid concentrations in grape berry juice of the scion varieties Riesling, Ruby Cabernet, Shiraz and Chardonnay were investigated by sampling mature berries from rootstock-scion trials situated at Loxton (South Australia), Nuriootpa (South Australia) and Rutherglen (Victoria). Ungrafted vines of Riesling, Ruby Cabernet and Shiraz had low to medium juice pH (3.03, 3.43, 3.56) while ungrafted vines of Chardonnay had high juice pH (3.74, 4.01). Harmony, Dog Ridge, Freedom and Rupestris du Lot rootstocks generally caused a high juice pH, whereas 140R, 1202,5A, SO4 and 101-14 rootstocks gave a low juice pH. Positive correlations were found between juice pH and juice potassium, malate and, in some cases, sodium concentrations. Tartrate concentration and the tartrate/malate ratio of juice and sometimes juice chloride concentration were negatively correlated with juice pH. The rootstocks' effects on juice pH could be attributed to changes in potassium and sodium concentrations or in the tartrate/malate ratio.

scholarly journals Altered Light Interception Reduces Grape Berry Weight and Modulates Organic Acid Biosynthesis During Development

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth DeBolt ◽  
Renata Ristic ◽  
Patrick G. Iland ◽  
Christopher M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Organic Acid Content

The response of grape berries at a cellular level to environmental change was explored with particular emphasis on physiological changes such as weight, sugar content, and the biosynthesis of organic acids. Three levels of light were used: highly exposed, moderately exposed, and light-excluding boxes (1% ambient with no change in temperature effect). Berry weight was significantly lower in light-excluding boxes than in exposed bunch treatments. Organic acid content and berry development were followed throughout the growing season. Light exclusion resulted in a significant reduction of both tartaric acid and oxalic acid compared with highly exposed fruit, suggesting that in this experiment, light irradiance influenced accumulation of these metabolites. In contrast, malic acid was broken down postveraison at a dramatically slower rate in light exclusion treatments. The sink properties of grape berries appear to change according to the light received by the bunch. These data imply that cluster shading significantly reduced berry size and suggest the role of organic acids as osmotica.

scholarly journals Increased Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Increased Fungal Diversity and the Abundance of Beneficial Fungi on the Grape Berry Surface in Arid Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnan Wu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Fengyun Zhao ◽  
Benzhou Zhao ◽  
Fesobi Olumide Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

Fertilizer practices can significantly impact the fruit quality and microbial diversity of the orchards. The fungi on the surface of fruits are essential for fruit storability and safety. However, it is not clear whether fertilization affects the fungal diversity and community structure on the surface of grape berries. Here, grape quality and the fungal diversity on the surface of grapes harvested from three fertilizer treatments were analyzed shortly after grape picking (T0) and following 8 days of storage (T1). The study involved three treatments: (1) common chemical fertilizer for 2 years (CH); (2) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 1 year (A.O); and (3) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 2 years (B.O). The application of increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer increased the soluble solids content (SSC) of the grape berries and decreased the pH of the grape juice. A total of 827,947 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 527 operational taxonomic units. Members of the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in all samples and accounted for 94.41% of the total number of detected sequences, followed by the Basidiomycota (5.05%), and unidentified fungi (0.54%). Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly different fungal populations in the three fertilizer treatments over the two time periods. The fungal diversity and richness on the grape berry surface in the B.O and A.O treatments were higher than those in the CH treatment. Among the detected fungi, the B.O treatments were mainly Pichia, Aureobasidium, and Candida genera, while the CH treatments were Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Moreover, significant differences were revealed between the two assessment times (T0 and T1). The samples from the T0 timepoint had higher fungal richness and diversity than the samples from T1 timepoint. Increasing organic fertilizer usage in grape management could improve grape quality and went on to increase the fungal diversity, as well as the relative abundance (RA) of beneficial fungi on grape berry surfaces. The correlation analysis suggested that the pH of the grape juice was significantly negatively correlated with fungal diversity parameters.

The mineral content of cereals, grain legumes and oilseed crops in South Australia

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Schultz ◽  
RJ French
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Samples of barley, oats, lupins, peas, rape, linseed and safflower were analysed at five growth stages for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, silicon, copper, zinc and manganese. The results are summarized and compared with those for wheat published in a previous paper. The data are discussed in relation to nutrient removal and the effect on soil fertility.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological, Genetic, and Molecular Causes of Variation in Grape Berry Weight and Composition: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Wu Dai ◽  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
Eric Gomès ◽  
Stéphane Decroocq ◽  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Weight

A description of acid soils and the relationships between properties of acid soils and the nutrient status of grazed pastures in the southeast of South Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJV Hodge ◽  
DC Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Extractable Soil

Areas of low soil pH in the south-east of South Australia were delineated by using previously submitted soil samples and soil association maps. A survey was then undertaken in the major soil associations to determine the severity and characteristics of highly acid soils. The acid soil types identified were a siliceous sand over clay (Db/Dy) and a siliceous sand over organic matter/sesquioxide pan (Uc). The top 2.5 cm of both soil types was significantly less acid than the remaining portion of the A horizon, with pH decreasing rapidly with depth until the B horizon, where a substantial soil pH increase occurred. As soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2) decreased below 4.5, extractable soil aluminium (0.01 M CaCl2) increased rapidly, to a maximum extractable concentration of 17 �g g-l. These soil types were also found to be deficient in both phosphorus and potassium, with 65% of the sites having extractable phosphorus concentrations below the critical value of 20 �g g-1 and 35% below the critical value for extractable potassium of 80 �g g-l. For subterranean clover, significant positive correlations were observed between soil pH and plant calcium and sulfur, and between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium and magnesium. For ryegrass, significant positive correlations were observed between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium and manganese. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium. No other significant correlations were obtained. The results are discussed in relation to further acidification and management of these acid siliceous sands.

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THORNINESS AND YIELD TRAITS IN GOOSEBERRY

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. S. SPANGELO ◽  
C. S. HSU ◽  
S. O. FEJER ◽  
R. WATKINS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
One Year

Combining ability and interrelationships among four characters were studied in six gooseberry (Ribes grossularia) progenies produced by crossing each of two thornless to three large-fruited cultivars. Measurements were recorded for four consecutive years for fruit yield and 100-berry weight, and for one year for thorniness and plant height. General and specific combining abilities were significant and their interactions with years were not significant for fruit yield and berry weight, and general combining ability was significant for thorniness. Genotypic correlations agreed closely with the phenotypic correlations. Significant positive correlations were obtained between fruit yield with berry weight and plant height. The nonsignificant correlations between thorniness with fruit yield, berry weight and plant height suggest no genetic barrier to combining thornlessness with these traits.

Structure, Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Metabolism of Stomata

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Pearson ◽  
FL Milthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Positive Correlations

Studies were made of the structure and rates of CO2 fixation of epidermis and of changes in organic metabolites in Commelina cyanea during transition to light and dark in both normal and CO2-free air. Guard cells of C. cyanea and Vicia faba contain numerous highly developed mitochondria and starch-forming chloroplasts (mitochondria: chloroplast ratios of 3 : 1) in comparison to other epidermal cells with few mitochondria and rudimentary plastids without starch. Their rates of photosynthesis per chloroplast appeared to be at least as high as those of the mesophyll, but circumstantial evidence suggested that about half of current photosynthate was respired. The rate of CO2 fixation in the dark was about 0.2–0.4% of that in the light. Illumination caused an increase, and darkening a decrease, of aperture, malate, and organic acid 1% within the epidermis of C. cyanea. Darkening in CO2-free air was accompanied by only slight decreases in aperture and malate. There were close positive correlations between aperture and concentration of malate and between aperture and organic acid 14C. During opening, the rise in organic acid 14C was associated with a decline in amino acid 14C. It is suggested that organic acids may be formed through aspartate and possibly also from sugars and other amino acids entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Concentrations of sugars were not related to aperture although they increased on illumination and declined about 2 h after darkening. Polysaccharide concentrations in the epidermis of darkened leaves were similar to those in illuminated leaves.

scholarly journals A DIGE-based quantitative proteomic analysis of grape berry flesh development and ripening reveals key events in sugar and organic acid metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2521-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Martínez-Esteso ◽  
Susana Sellés-Marchart ◽  
Diego Lijavetzky ◽  
Maria Angeles Pedreño ◽  
Roque Bru-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Organic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Key Events

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical compounds’ content in different varieties of carrots, including qualification and quantification of sugars, organic acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds by UPLC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Yusuf ◽  
Karolina Tkacz ◽  
Igor Piotr Turkiewicz ◽  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
Paulina Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Calcium Iron

AbstractTwelve carrot varieties in different colours and sizes were investigated for chemical properties (dry matter, ash, pectins, titratable acidity, and pH), contents of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, mineral (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium), and anti-oxidant activities (ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC). Moreover, total polyphenolics and total tetraterpenoids of colourful carrot varieties were presented. According to the study, sucrose was the dominant sugar and isocitric acid was the most common organic acid in carrot samples. In the case of mineral content, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron were identified, while copper was not identified in carrots. Additionally, most of the analyzed carrots were a good source of pectins (average—1.3%), except for mini-orange carrot. Purple-coloured carrot samples demonstrated the highest results for total sugar (11.2 g/100 g fm), total organic acid (2.8 g/100 g fm), total polyphenolic contents (224.4 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (17.1 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm). In turn, the lowest results were observed in normal yellow carrot for total polyphenols (7.3 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (2.5 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm); besides, the lowest total tetraterpenoids were determined in micro-white carrot—0.2 mg/100 g fm.

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