scholarly journals Increased Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Increased Fungal Diversity and the Abundance of Beneficial Fungi on the Grape Berry Surface in Arid Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnan Wu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Fengyun Zhao ◽  
Benzhou Zhao ◽  
Fesobi Olumide Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

Fertilizer practices can significantly impact the fruit quality and microbial diversity of the orchards. The fungi on the surface of fruits are essential for fruit storability and safety. However, it is not clear whether fertilization affects the fungal diversity and community structure on the surface of grape berries. Here, grape quality and the fungal diversity on the surface of grapes harvested from three fertilizer treatments were analyzed shortly after grape picking (T0) and following 8 days of storage (T1). The study involved three treatments: (1) common chemical fertilizer for 2 years (CH); (2) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 1 year (A.O); and (3) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 2 years (B.O). The application of increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer increased the soluble solids content (SSC) of the grape berries and decreased the pH of the grape juice. A total of 827,947 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 527 operational taxonomic units. Members of the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in all samples and accounted for 94.41% of the total number of detected sequences, followed by the Basidiomycota (5.05%), and unidentified fungi (0.54%). Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly different fungal populations in the three fertilizer treatments over the two time periods. The fungal diversity and richness on the grape berry surface in the B.O and A.O treatments were higher than those in the CH treatment. Among the detected fungi, the B.O treatments were mainly Pichia, Aureobasidium, and Candida genera, while the CH treatments were Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Moreover, significant differences were revealed between the two assessment times (T0 and T1). The samples from the T0 timepoint had higher fungal richness and diversity than the samples from T1 timepoint. Increasing organic fertilizer usage in grape management could improve grape quality and went on to increase the fungal diversity, as well as the relative abundance (RA) of beneficial fungi on grape berry surfaces. The correlation analysis suggested that the pH of the grape juice was significantly negatively correlated with fungal diversity parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-950
Author(s):  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
José Luiz Marcon Filho ◽  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Ricardo Allebrandt ◽  
Betina Pereira de Bem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Vegetative Canopy ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries.

scholarly journals Quality Changes in Grape Berry as Affected by the Use of Different Colored Shade Nets Proposed to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sabir ◽  
Ferhan Sabir ◽  
Akram Ibrahim Mohammed Jawshle
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Table Grape Cultivar

In Turkey, viticulture practices have displayed significant development with the production of high quality fresh grapes, juice, molasses and raisin. Grape berries contain high amount of phenolic compounds collected enormous interest due to their essential function in the improvement of produces attained from grapes, but also for their potential useful health effects as functional food. The purpose of present investigation was to reveal the effects of different colored shade nets on berry skin color and functional properties of grape juice. Four years old vines of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grape were cultivated soilless in about 70 L black plastic pots containing sterile peat and perlite mixture under controlled glasshouse condition. The grapevines were covered with different colored shading nets (yellow, blue, white, red, green and black) at the beginning of the summer period. At commercial maturity, investigations show that berry skin color and the analyzed biochemical features of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grape cultivar displayed great variations in response to the different colored shade net. Such differential effects should be evaluated when the use of shade nets is considered in protected viticulture to cope with environmental constraints. The findings may also be useful for the future experiments under conventional vineyard conditions.

scholarly journals Mineral and organomineral fertirrigation in relation to quality of greenhouse cultivated melon

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Guilherme Pádua Rodrigues ◽  
Roberto Testezlaf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Daily Application

Fertirrigation of melon still presents problems in relation to the type of the fertilizer used, mainly the biofertilizers. This experiment, installed in Uberaba, MG, Brazil, in a plastic module greenhouse of 768 m², tested treatments consisting of the conventional mineral fertirrigation and the organic fertirrigation, using two frequencies: daily and weekly. The best yields were obtained with daily fertilizer application, with superiority in relation to biofertilizers, with yield of 45.5 t ha-1 of fruit. This value was higher as compared to chemical products, that lead to a yield of 42.4 t ha-1. The weekly fertigation had lower productivities, and in this case, the biofertilizers also overcame the mineral, on the average 2.0 t ha-1. The best melon soluble solids values were obtained for the daily application of fertilizers, and the best treatment (P < 0.05) was the organic daily fertigation, with values of soluble solids content of 13.60° brix, followed by the daily chemical fertigation, with values of 12.52°. On the average, the amounts of soluble solids in melon were superior to the average found for Brazilian melons. Differences were not verified among the treatments for the variables pulp thickness and fruits pH. Regarding the peel thickness, the application of organic fertilizer sources presented a slight superiority in relation to chemical fertilizer treatments. No differences were verified among treatments in relation to the amount of fruits protein.

scholarly journals Growth and Developmental Responses of Seeded and Seedless Grape Berries to Shoot Girdling

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuren Zhang ◽  
Guoguang Luo ◽  
Ronghui Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
David G. Himelrick
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Seedless Grape

The relationship of assimilate supply to grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry growth and development was studied with a seeded (`Kyoho') and a seedless (`Seedless Wuhehong') cultivar. A single shoot girdling between the second and third nodes below the basal cluster at the end of Stage I of berry growth shortened Stage II (the lag phase) of `Kyoho' grape berries by 10 days, and eliminated Stage II in `Seedless Wuhehong' grape berries. Double shoot girdling between the second and third nodes below the basal cluster and above the upper cluster, respectively, at the same time at the end of Stage I, advanced Stage II by 3 days in both cultivars. Normal accumulation of dry weight in the `Kyoho' grape berry is in a double sigmoidal pattern, but it became a single sigmoidal pattern in response to a single basal girdling. The highest percent moisture in berries was at 20 days after full bloom. Rapid changes in berry pectin substances lagged behind those of soluble solids and titratable acidity, and behind the onset of berry softening at veraison in `Kyoho', but not in `Seedless Wuhehong', for which the three processes were concurrent. It is suggested that the slow growth of the berries during Stage II is a result of a decrease in the rate of water accumulation on a whole berry basis and a decrease in accumulation of dry matter in the skin and flesh (pericarp) due to assimilate competition within grapevines and within berries. The relationships between levels of endogenous hormones (IAA, GA3, zeatin, zeatin riboside, and ABA) and berry growth were also studied with `Kyoho' grapes. The results showed that the slow growth of grape berries during Stage II was associated with assimilate competition between the skin-flesh (pericarp) and seeds, and with peak shifts of concentrations of IAA, GA3, zeatin and zeatin riboside. Changes in ABA levels were closely associated with ripening and senescence during late Stage III.

scholarly journals Tuning Potassium Fertilization to Improve pH and Acidity in Glera Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under a Warming Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Patrick Marcuzzo ◽  
Federica Gaiotti ◽  
Marco Lucchetta ◽  
Lorenzo Lovat ◽  
Diego Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

Potassium concentration in grape berries can affect acidity and pH in must and wines. Under the current warming scenario, where preserving equilibrated value for these grape parameters is increasingly challenging, K fertilization could represent a tool to manage grape composition. In this study, the effect of potassium fertilization was investigated over 4 years (2013–2016) in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Glera). Four different potassium rates (0, 15, 30, 60 kg K2O ha−1 year−1) were tested and agronomic responses, grape quality as well as K concentration in the berry were recorded over the four years. At harvest, yield parameters and total soluble solids were unaffected by potassium fertilization. On the contrary, the titratable acidity of the musts was increased by the higher rate of potassium (K60), and both tartaric and malic acids showed higher values when the K rate was higher. K fertilization did not affect the pH, as all the treatments displayed comparable pH values and in an optimal range for winemaking. Overall, in our experimental conditions, medium potassium inputs showed better results on Glera grape quality compared to low K rates, by promoting higher titratable acidity levels without altering the pH in musts.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical aspects of grape juices produced in the region of Campanha Gaucha, RS, Brazil (Southern Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
V.B. Costa ◽  
S.B. de Andrade ◽  
P.L.P.K. Lemos ◽  
A. Bender ◽  
C. Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Juice ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Grape Juices

The Campanha Gaucha region, southern Brazil, has received significant investments in Viticulture during the last decades, especially for the production of quality wines. However, implementing the production of American and hybrid grapes in this region constitutes and opportunity to supply the increasing demand of the grape juice market in Brazil. Juices of two varieties, “Bordô” and “Concord”, from two locations, Dom Pedrito and Santana do Livramento, were analysed in terms of the following physico-chemical aspects: total city, volatile acidity, density, pH, soluble solids content, color intensity, and hue. “Bordô” juices presented higher total acidity and did not differ in relation to location. Higher volatile acidity was found in “Concord” juice from Santana do Livramento. Higher pH was found in the variety “Concord” and in the location Dom Pedrito. For this same location, the “Concord” grape juices showed higher soluble solids values. Color intensity was higher in Santana do Livramento. Color hue was higher in Dom Pedrito. Both variety and location impacted significantly on physico-chemical aspects of grape juices, although all the grapes were produced within the Campanha Gaucha region.

scholarly journals Characterization and Action Mechanism Analysis of VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 Module Responding to Multiple-Hormone Signals in the Modulation of Grape Berry Color Formation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Ziwen Su ◽  
Xicheng Wang ◽  
Xuxian Xuan ◽  
Zilu Sheng ◽  
Haoran Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Color Conversion ◽  
Hormone Signals

In recent years, more and more reports have shown that the miR156-SPL module can participate in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in plants. However, little is known about how this module responds to hormonal signals manipulating this process in grapes. In this study, exogenous GA, ABA, MeJA, and NAA were used to treat the ‘Wink’ grape berries before color conversion, anthocyanin and other related quality physiological indexes (such as sugar, aroma) were determined, and spatio-temporal expression patterns of related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d showed a gradually rising trend with the ripening and color formation of grape berries, and the highest expression levels were detected at day 28 after treatment, while the expression level of VvSPL9 exhibited an opposite trend as a whole, which further verifies that VvmiR156b/c/d can negatively regulate VvSPL9. Besides, VvmiR156b/c/d was positively correlated with anthocyanin content and related genes levels, while the expression pattern of VvSPL9 showed a negative correlation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and GUS staining showed that VvmiR156b/c/d contained a large number of hormone response cis-elements (ABA, GA, SA, MeJA, and NAA) and were involved in hormone regulation. Exogenous ABA and MeJA treatments significantly upregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early stage of color conversion and made grape berries quickly colored. Interestingly, GA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early color-change period, but significantly upregulated in the middle color-change and ripening stages, therefore GA mainly modulated grape berry coloring in the middle- and late-ripening stages. Furthermore, NAA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes and delayed the peak expression of genes. Meanwhile, to further recognize the potential functions of VvmiR156b/c/d, the mature tomato transient trangenetic system was utilized in this work. Results showed that transient overexpression of VvmiR156b/c/d in tomato promoted fruit coloring and overexpression of VvSPL9 inhibited fruit coloration. Finally, a regulatory network of the VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 module responsive to hormones modulating anthocyanin synthesis was developed. In conclusion, VvmiR156b/c/d-mediated VvSPL9 participated in the formation of grape color in response to multi-hormone signals.

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María Carmen Antolín ◽  
María Toledo ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

scholarly journals Insights in genetic diversity of German and Italian grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) populations using novel microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Reineke ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon ◽  
Olivia Herczynski ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractThe grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is causing significant damage to grape berries, however, little is known on population genetics of this lepidopteran pest insect, hindered so far by the lack of suitable molecular markers. Here we report on the development of ten microsatellite markers of which six were used to characterise 21 E. ambiguella populations obtained from two viticultural regions in Germany and Italy. Moths were sampled during two subsequent generations (flights) in the same vineyard as well as in vineyards surrounded by different landscape types. German and Italian populations were genetically differentiated and a significant isolation by distance was evident. No significant divergence was observed among the populations from first or second flight moths, however, inbreeding was higher in first than in second flight populations. Moreover, inbreeding was influenced by habitat composition and complexity of landscape around vineyards, being positively associated with the percentage of area covered by grapevine. Population genetics of E. ambiguella could thus be affected by the presence of alternative host plants in viticultural landscapes, which is important in the light of both insecticide resistance management and sustainable pest management.

Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on quality, berry set and coloration of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zehra Babalık
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Berry Set

Abstract The effect of different concentrations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; 0 (control), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l), an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, on grape berry set and fruit quality was evaluated under vineyard conditions. Treatments were performed on ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ grape cultivar at full bloom stage for two years. Cluster and berry growth (length, width and weight), firmness, soluble solids content, yield, berry set, anthocyanin content and colour parameters were determined on treated and untreated (control) fruits. As a result of the study, the effects of AVG concentrations on firmness were not significant. When AVG applications were compared with control, it is determined that some quality properties were statistically affected, the others were not. Fruit set was increased by lower concentrations of AVG (250 mg/l) and anthocyanin content was increased by higher concentrations of AVG (750 mg/l).

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