The performance of short scrotum and wether lambs born in winter or spring and run at pasture in northern Tasmania

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
KD Gilbert ◽  
KL Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Poor Relationship

Summary. The growth of short scrotum and wether lambs was studied in 3 experiments over 2 years, at the Elliott Research Station in northern Tasmania. Short scrotum lambs born in winter grew significantly (P<0.05) faster than wethers from birth to slaughter at 137 days of age. For spring born, short scrotum lambs, the growth advantage was less because of the quality and quantity of pasture available during summer and autumn. Wether lambs were fatter than short scrotum lambs in all experiments, with the slope of the relationship between GR and carcass weight being 0.57 � 0.02 I! 0.42 � 0.01 mmkg (experiment 1); 1.13 � 0.1 1 v. 0.68 � 0.09 mm/kg (experiment 2); and 0.91 � 0.16 v. 0.63 � 0.08 mm/kg (experiment 3) respectively. As carcass weight increased, the difference in carcass fatness increased. There was a shift in the distribution of carcasses according to fat score, with more wether carcasses being allocated high fat scores. Testes weight in the short scrotum lambs showed considerable variation within and between experiments and in all cases the testes were located in a subcutaneous position. There was a poor relationship between testes weight and growth rate. The level of testes development in a proportion of animals indicated that the animals could be fertile.

Growth and carcass composition of ram and wether lambs fed at two levels of nutrition

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Difference

This experiment examined the effects of two levels of nutrition on growth rate and fat deposition in the subcutaneous, kidney plus channel, omental and mesenteric depots of ram and wether second-cross lambs. Growth rates to slaughter were higher (P< 0.001) in lambs fed at the higher level of nutrition (170 � 5 v. 88 � 3 g/day; mean � s.e.). There was no difference in growth rates between ram and wether lambs at the levels of nutrition imposed. The level of nutrition did not influence fat depots when the comparison was made at the same carcass weight. Ram lambs had less subcutaneous fat than did wethers, the difference increasing (P = 0.06) at heavier carcass weights (1 00 v. 20 1 g increase in subcutaneous fat/kg increase in carcass weight, for rams and wethers respectively). A similar trend was evident in GR tissue depth; consequently, the distribution of fat scores of wether carcasses was closer to the high (fat) end of the range than was the distribution for ram carcasses (P < 0.05). The levels of total solvent-extractable fat in the carcass did not differ between sexes or levels of nutrition.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

scholarly journals Assessing the accumulated stickiness magnitude from fabric–skin friction: effect of wetness level of various fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Po Maggie Tang ◽  
Kam-Hong Chau ◽  
Chi-Wai Kan ◽  
Jin-tu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Intimate Apparel ◽  
Fixed Stimulus ◽  
Skin Wetness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing skin wetness tends to increase fabric–skin adhesion and friction, resulting in wear discomfort or skin injuries. Here, the magnitude estimation approach was used to assess the stickiness sensation perceived in fabrics. Seven fabric types were wetted by putting onto wet ‘skin’ surface and dried for different durations to achieve different wetness levels, simulating wearing conditions during the recovery period after sweating. Results showed that the relationship between magnitude estimates of stickiness and amount of water present in fabric demonstrated a power function. The exponents and constant from power regression show the growth rate of stickiness sensation with moisture intensity and the perceived stickiness under fixed stimulus intensity, respectively. A novel parameter, accumulated stickiness magnitude (ASM), describing how much discomfort a wetted fabric offered throughout the drying period, was developed. Thin cotton fabrics (fabric W01 and W03), having higher saturation level after contacting with wetted skin surface, arouse stronger stickiness feeling and their ASM is remarkably higher. The difference in stickiness estimates is due to the difference in chemical composition and surface geometry. This study suggests us the way to predict perceived stickiness in fabrics with different wetness levels which is useful for applications like sportswear, intimate apparel or healthcare products.

Effects of sex and year on growth and live assessment of carcass characteristics of lambs grazing annual pastures

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Thatcher ◽  
B Warren ◽  
PJ Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Clover Content

Lambs from the Poll Dorset x (Border Leicester x Merino) cross were raised from a late lambing in 1983 (a year when pastures grew unchecked and had high clover content) and 1984 (a year with intermittent dry periods and a low clover content in pastures). Multivariate repeated measures analyses were used to compare growth rates for rams, wethers and ewes within 2 periods of growth in 1983, and 4 in 1984. In all stages rams grew significantly faster than wethers and ewes, whereas wether growth rate exceeded that of ewes in only 3 stages. In general, when pasture availability and quality was high, rams grew faster than wethers by 0.3 kg/week and ewes by 0.5 kg/week. The rams grew 0.16 kg/week faster when pasture availability was limiting for a period in winter but lost significant (P<0.01) body condition, whilst ewes maintained both weight and condition. When good quality feed was again available, rams gained more weight than wethers, as did wethers compared with ewes, while rams and wethers gained more condition than ewes. Carcass weight and fatness, measured either as indicators of fat (GR measurement or fat score) or as total subcutaneous fat, could be predicted from assessments made on live lambs. Full liveweight, sex and year explained 41% of variation in GR, 48% in fat score and 79% in subcutaneous fat. Condition score, sex and year explained 45% of variation in GR, 52% in fat score and 57% in subcutaneous fat. Full liveweight, condition score, sex and year explained 80% of the variation in subcutaneous fat, 47% in GR and 57% in fat score. An interaction of sex with full liveweight in predicting carcass weight and subcutaneous fat indicated that as carcass size increased, the sex of the lamb became an increasingly important consideration when assessing characteristics important in describing lamb carcasses. Dressing percentage decreased by 0.08/kg as liveweight increased. This result was consistent over the 2 years, with opportunities for error being assessed and eliminated in the second year. Notwithstanding that this was an unimportant loss in real terms, published information showed an increase in dressing percentage with liveweight.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEPENDUDUKAN TERHADAP PEMUKIMAN

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhadjir Darwin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Problem

Housing and its sanitation has been widely recognized as a global human problem. Apart of the sources of problem is population, i.e high rate of population growth and over urbanization. Using the Indonesian case, this paper discusses the relationship between population and housing. The population growth rate of Indonesia declined from 2.3 annually during the decade of 1971- 1980 to 1.97 annually during the next decade. However, the average number of household members declined from 4.9 to 4.5 during the same period. As a result, the number of households increased substantially than the number of population. This phenomenon will affect the increase of the need of housing. In the meantime, the economic condition of Indonesian households could not compete with the soaring prices of housing. In addition, government capabilities to provide housing for the society are still very limited. The data available shows the evidence onthe scarcity of housing,where the number of housing stock is smaller than the number of households. However, The number of housing stock has increased substantially, whereas the difference between the number of households and the number of housing stock decreased consistently. These data indicate that productivity of housing market, particularly the informalone, isconsiderably high, even thoughinreality the qualityof suchhousing is, ingeneral, low.

SLAUGHTER AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4 BRAHMAN–3/4 HEREFORD YEARLINGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
D. G. KELLER ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference

Slaughter and carcass data were obtained from 60 cattalo that averaged 1/7 bison–6/7 domestic (27 bulls, 33 heifers), 19 Hereford (11 bulls, 8 heifers), and 17 1/4 Brahman–3/4 Hereford (12 bulls, 5 heifers) yearlings. At a constant age, 1/4 Brahman and Hereford exceeded cattalo in growth rate, i.e. slaughter weights were: 1/4 Brahman 381 ± 10 kg, Hereford 376 ± 8 kg, and cattalo 353 ±5 kg. At a constant 24-h cold carcass weight, cattalo exceeded Hereford in carcass length (2.3%). Breed groups did not differ in mean fat thickness over, or area of, the longissimus dorsi, dressing percent, or transit shrink. At a constant carcass weight, the weight of the loin section was similar in all breed groups, but Hereford exceeded cattalo in round weight (2.6%), cattalo surpassed 1/4 Brahman in rib weight (4.3%), and 1/4 Brahman exceeded Hereford in shoulder weight (3.2%). Bison and cattalo were reported to have heavier front than rear quarters. This study suggests that the cattalo were not heavier in the shoulder but were lighter in the round than the Hereford and that the difference basically was in the weight of the hind shank.

scholarly journals Unemployment and Growth in the Tourism Sector in Mexico: Revisiting the Growth-Rate Version of Okun’s Law

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sánchez López
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we analyze, by means of the difference version of Okun’s law, the relationship between tourism sector growth and unemployment in Mexico during the period 2000Q2–2018Q4. The results show that tourism growth is a palliative for unemployment, whereas unemployment reduces the growth of the tourism sector. The results also show that the relationship between the mentioned variables becomes stronger during an economic crisis and weaker during expansion periods.

Protein digestibility in sheep and cattle in north-western Australia

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Robinson ◽  
GA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Western

Three experiments were conducted at Kimberley Research Station, Western Australia, one with local Shorthorn cattle and two with Peppin Merino sheep from the Abydos region of Western Australia, to study the protein digestibility of various combinations of low-quality roughage and protein-rich concentrates. The relationship between the crude protein and digestible crude protein content of the feed was for cattle : % DCP = 0.832% CP - 1.58 and for sheep : % DCP = 0.865% CP - 2.21 indicating a higher ability to digest protein compared with previous values in the literature for cattle and sheep. It is suggested that the difference may be due to a high degree of adaptation to semi-arid conditions of local sheep and cattle in north-western Australia.

Données préliminaires sur la taille, la croissance et la longévité du varan du Nil (Varanus niloticus) dans la région du lac Tchad

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian de Buffrénil ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Jaques Castanet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
General Model ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

A sample of 288 Nile varanids, including only adults and subadults (153 males and 135 females), was collected in the Tchadian part of Lake Tchad where the species is regularly exploited. Each animal was measured (L, total length; MC, snout–vent length) and weighed, and its age was determined by the skeletochronological technique. No information of this sort, collected on a wide sample, was hitherto available. For the age-classes studied, the most representative sizes in the population (the medians being considered) were close to 155 cm for males and 134 cm for females, with respective masses of about 5 and 3 kg. The difference between sexes was highly significant. Conversely, age structure in the samples were not significantly different among sexes (except for one age-class: 4 years). The longevity of these lizards is about 8 years in the Lake Tchad region. The relationship between tail length and snout–vent length shows similar tendencies in both sexes (Q = 1.06MC + 21.48). The tail becomes proportionally shorter with growth. Both sexes also display similar tendencies for the relationship between total length and mass (M = 8.131E − 9L3.992 − 8.131E − 9(213..992) + 0.034). Body growth in the Nile varanids corresponds to a model derived from Von Bertalanffy's general model: L = K(1 − e−b(age)) + a. Growth of males is faster and steadier than that of females. Males reach their asymptotic size (207 cm) at a later age (9 years) than the females (154.8 cm reached at age 6 years). Though comparative data are very scarce, the growth rate in the animals examined seems high compared with that of other large species of varanids, especially Varanus komodoensis.

The influence of season and nutrition on the sulphur content of wool from Merino and Cheviot sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
C. C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Seasonal Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cycle Group ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Annual Amount

SUMMARYSulphur content, expressed as a percentage of clean dry wool weight, was measured at monthly intervals in two breeds of sheep, Cheviot and Merino x Cheviot backcross (¾ Merino, ¼ Cheviot), offered an equivalent annual amount of feed in three ways—constant level, natural grazing cycle and reversed grazing cycle. The relationships between S content and wool growth rate or nutrient intake differed with both breed and nutrient cycle, but all the results could be explained satisfactorily on the basis of a constant optimum composition for each individual with sulphur impoverishment related to lack of balance between follicle activity rate and high-S substrate availability.The difference in mean maximum S content between breeds (3·87% and 3·81% for Cheviot and ‘Merino’ respectively) was much smaller than the difference between individuals within the breeds (4·05·3·72% and 3·92·3·66%). The seasonal depression within individuals varied with nutrition and wool growth rate, Cheviot sheep showing the greatest depression and lowest values (2·89 and 3·28% for Cheviot and 'Merino, respectively in the reversed cycle group). There was no consistent seasonal trend in the relationship between clean and unscoured wool weight.

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