Root distribution of lychee trees growing in acid soils of subtropical Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
RL Aitken ◽  
AW Dowling ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution

A core sampling technique was used to investigate the vertical root distribution of 8-10-year-old lychee trees (Litchi chinensis cv. Tai So) growing on 5 acid soils in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�s.). At each site, soil and roots were sampled at 10 cm depth intervals to 100 cm, the root density determined and a range of soil chemical and physical properties measured. Eighty percent of the feeder roots were located within the top 0-20 cm (1 site), 0 4 0 cm (2 sites) or 0-60 cm (2 sites). The depth of rooting was greatest in the fine textured soils, while the greatest total root density was recorded in the coarse textured soils. The data suggest that the placement of tensiometers for water scheduling needs to take into account the effective rooting depth of lychee because it may vary with soil type. At all sites, pH values were acidic (pH<6.0) and subsoil pH values were below 5.5, and exchangeable Ca decreased and exchangeable A1 increased with depth. Four of the 5 sites had subsoil with >30% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity. Although root density (all sites) was correlated with a number of soil chemical properties, stepwise multiple linear regression showed that 62% of the variation in root density could be explained by a curvilinear function of depth. The intercorrelations between soil properties and the correlation of depth with some properties demonstrate the difficulties in separating the effects of depth per se from those of soil properties in reducing root growth.

scholarly journals Some negative chemical properties of acid soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Some important chemical properties of various samples of two types of acid soil from Western Serbia (pseudogley and brown forest) are presented in this paper. Mobile Al was found in elevated and toxic quantities (10?30 mg/100 g) in the more acid samples of pseudogley soil. All samples of brown forest soil were very acid and the quantities of mobile Al were in the range from 12.8 to 90.0 mg/100 g. In a selected number of pseudogley soils, the influence of pH and other soil properties on the mineralization and nitrification processes was investigated. Strong inhibition of nitrification at low soil pH was found to be related to high quantities of mobile Al. At pH values less than 4.0 (in 1 M KCl), processes of chemical nitrification and denitrification of applied nitrites were registered in the pseudogley soils. .

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

Effects of biochars generated from crop residues on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Yuan ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Exchangeable Base Cations ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity

The chemical compositions of biochars from ten crop residues generated at 350°C and their effects on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China were investigated. There was greater alkalinity and contents of base cations in the biochars from legume residues than from non-legume residues. Carbonates and organic anions of carboxyl and phenolic groups were the main forms of alkalis in the biochars, and their relative contributions to biochar alkalinity varied with crop residues. Incubation experiments indicated that biochar incorporation increased soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations and decreased soil exchangeable acidity. There were greater increases in soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations, and a greater decrease in soil exchangeable acidity, for biochars from legume than from non-legume residues. The biochars did not increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils with relatively high initial CEC but did increase the CEC of soils with relatively low initial CEC at an addition level of 1%. The incorporation of biochars from crop residues not only corrected soil acidity but also increased contents of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in these acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions and thus improved soil fertility.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation on selected physico-chemical soil properties in rye monoculture and five-year crop rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Stępień ◽  
Monika Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Chemical Soil

Abstract The research was carried out continuously since 1923 in a permanent fertilisation experiment at the Experimental Station of SGGW in Skierniewice. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of long-term fertilisation (Ca, CaNPK, NPK) and crop rotation systems (rye monoculture without fertilisation with manure and five-field rotation with legume crop and manure fertilisation) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term fertilisation caused various degrees of change in many physio-chemical properties in three soil horizons (Ap, Eet, Bt): pH in KCl, cation exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, base saturation, content of carbon, nitrogen and mineral forms of nitrogen (NO3, NH4) as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The combined manure and mineral fertilisation increased the sorption capacity, total exchangeable bases, base cation saturation and total content of C and N in comparison to organic or mineral fertilisation. As a result of lime application, an increase in these parameters was determined with the exception of total contents of carbon and nitrogen, showing no differences or a decrease. A positive effect was confirmed in five-field crop rotation, which improves physicochemical soil properties in comparison to cereal monoculture. The C:N ratio narrows down with growing depth because more nitrogen than carbon migrates down the soil profile.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulhamid ◽  
E.B. Agbaji ◽  
C.E. Gimba ◽  
A.S. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.

scholarly journals Zoning of a Newly-Planted Vineyard: Spatial Variability of Physico-Chemical Soil Properties

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
María Fandiño ◽  
Benjamín J. Rey ◽  
Jorge Dafonte ◽  
Javier J. Cancela
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Two Sectors

Soil properties show a high spatio-temporal variability, affecting productivity and crop quality within a given field. In new vineyard plantations, with changes in the initial topographic profile, this variability is exacerbated due to the incorporation of soil from different origins and qualities. The aim of the current study was to characterize the variability of soil properties in a newly established vineyard, and delineating zones for site-specific management of fertilization. For this purpose, the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in the first 150 cm was measured with an electromagnetic induction sensor. A soil sampling was performed following a regular grid (35 × 35 m, 149 samples), collecting samples down to 40 cm depth for determining soil chemical properties. Spatial variability was assessed through semivariogram calculation and ordinary kriging. The soil properties that better represent the variability in this newly established vineyard were pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), carbon content, clay and ECa. The ECa was homogeneous all over the vineyard, except for the area closer to the river where a greater human intervention had occurred, with contributions of external soil at a greater depth. Soil properties showed a great spatial variability. Interpolated maps allowed for detecting areas with a lack of nutrients in which a differential fertilization could be performed in search of a sustainable and balanced production. The information provided by the maps of pH, ECEC and carbon and potassium contents allow for performing a differential management of the vineyard in terms of fertilization. In addition, the results obtained suggest that the vineyard should be divided into two sectors for a differential irrigation management. The ECa was not significantly correlated to most of the soil properties determined in the current study; however, it allowed for a low-cost mapping of the vineyard soil and established large areas of management within the vineyard.

scholarly journals Correlation between Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Properties in Cultivation Sites of 13-Year-Old Wild-Simulated Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Kiyoon Kim ◽  
Hyun Jun Kim ◽  
Dae Hui Jeong ◽  
Jeong Hoon Huh ◽  
Kwon Seok Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Edaphic Factor ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Major Factors

Soil properties are one of the major factors determining the growth of vegetation. These properties drive the selection of the dominant bacterial community profiles, which eventually determines the soil quality and fertility. The abundance of preferential bacterial community assists in better productivity of a particular type of vegetation. The increasing focus on the health and well-being of the human population has resulted in a shift in paradigm to concentrate on the cultivation of medicinal plants such as Wild-simulated ginseng (WSG). These plant species take a long time for their growth and are generally cultivated in the mountainous forest trenches of Far East countries like South Korea. This study was conducted to decipher the bacterial community profiles and their correlation with soil chemical properties, which would give a broader idea about the optimum growing conditions of such an important medicinal plant. The important edaphic factor determined in this study was the soil pH, which was recorded to be acidic in all the studied cultivation sites. In agreement with the edaphic factor, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was found to be highest as this phylum prefers to grow in acidic soils. Moreover, the total organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity were found to be significantly correlated with the bacterial community. Hence, these results will help to identify the suitable cultivation sites for WSG and increase the productivity of these medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Zinc Adsorption in Relation to Soil Properties, Analysed with Langmuir and Freundlich Models in Soils of Kashmir Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Syed Sadat ◽  
N. Z. Rehman ◽  
M. A. Bhat ◽  
M.A. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Equations ◽  
Zinc Adsorption

The phenomenon of fixation of added zinc in soils considerably affects the availability and efficiency of applied zinc. Pertaining to this situation, different land-use soil samples across the valley were analysed for various physico-chemical properties and adsorption capacities. The results showed that the soils were slightly acidic to alkaline in reaction and differ far and wide in other soil properties. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils showed little variation between the samples and varied from13.3 to 17.2 cmol(p+) kg-1 with an average value of 15.1 cmol(p+) kg-1of soil. The maximum of zinc adsorption were greatly influenced by soil organic matter, clay content and CEC of the soils. The data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations and the results yielded that the Freundlich equation showed better fit to the sorption data at higher zinc concentrations. However, both the models were having satisfactory results for the obtained data.

scholarly journals Effects of De-inking Sludge on soil Properties and Corn Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 894C-894
Author(s):  
Mohamed Badrane Erhioui ◽  
A. Karam ◽  
S. Yelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

The large amount of organic carbon content present in de-inking residues makes them attractive for use in agricultural soils as an organic soil amendment. Greenhouse bioessays were undertaken to evaluate the agronomic value of de-inking sludge (DS). It was incorporated in a sandy soil to study the effects of different rates of de-inking residue amendments and N fertilizer combinations on soil properties and growth of corn. Particular attention was given to trace element concentrations. In a split factorial design, three variables were investigated: harvest time (after 20, 40, and 60 days), application rates of DS (0, 35, 70, and 105 t·ha–1), and four N rates (0, 140, 280, and 420 kg·ha–1). Chemical analyses of the fresh residues did not indicate the presence of heavy metals at levels potentially toxic to the environment. Soil chemical properties were clearly improved following the incorporation of DS. For example, adding different amounts of DS had a significant impact on the pH, the cation exchange capacity, and soil moisture. In addition, salinity was not affected with DS application. Seed germination was high in all the treatments and was not significantly influenced by DS application. Moreover, results on vegetative growth indicated a good relationship between the C:N ratio and biomass production. The DS combined with supplemental fertilizer seems to have a positive effect on plant growth. Overall, these results suggest that the limiting factor in de-inking paper sludge valorization is the amount of N available to the plant. Also, no other toxic products were found that could be harmful to the environment.

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