Response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) to band-placed and broadcast high cadmium phosphorus fertiliser on heavily cropped krasnozems in north-western Tasmania

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
D Parsley ◽  
PR Hardman ◽  
B Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
North Western

Four field experiments were conducted to examine the yield response and cadmium (Cd) concentration of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) grown with banded or broadcast phosphorus (P) fertiliser at rates up to 240 kg P/ha. The Cd content of the triple superphosphate (TSP) was 151 mg/kg. All 4 sites were on intensively cropped, high P-fixing krasnozem soils in north-western Tasmania, with concentrations of Colwell-extractable P ranging from 112 to 210 mg/kg. All sites showed economic yield responses to banded P, but broadcast P was much less effective except at the site where the response to banded P was least. Yield responses came mostly through increased tuber number, but at 1 site the tubers were also bigger. There was no effect of P on tuber size distribution or specific gravity. Increasing rates of banded TSP increased tuber Cd concentrations by 50-300% at the 3 sites where they were measured; broadcast TSP had little effect. Tubers from the site with pH 6.0 had much higher Cd concentrations than those from the sites with pH 6.5 and 6.6. Petiole Cd concentrations were about 5 times greater than tuber concentrations.

Effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus on the yield, growth and nutrient status of ixodia daisy (Ixodia achillaeioides ssp. alata)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
G Barth ◽  
M Bennell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of annual applications of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) on the yield, growth and nutrient status of Ixodia daisy (Ixodia achillaeioides ssp. alata) grown on a silty loam, was investigated in field experiments conducted during 1989-91 in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The experimental design was a randomised block with 3 replications. The N and K treatments, at annual rates up to 200 kg N/ha and 150 kg K/ha, were applied as 2 equal side-dressings. The P treatments, at rates up to 200 kg/ha, were broadcast as 1 annual application. To assess plant nutrient status we sampled the fifth leaf below the growing terminal of 50 stems in October and whole stems at harvest. As rate of applied N increased, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in total biomass harvested, number of 3040 and 41-50 cm stems, total number of marketable stems, plant height and width. Annual N application rates of 75-110 kg/ha were required for 95% of maximum biomass yield and number of marketable stems. The application of K did not significantly (P>0.05) affect yield or plant growth. First and second order interactions between N, K and year were not significant. Plant growth and yield responses to P applied as superphosphate were inconsistent and the interaction between P and year was not significant (P>0.05). Coefficients of determination (r2) for relationships between N, K and P concentrations in the fifth leaf samples v. total biomass yield and total stem number, were in the range 0.13-0.52 for the combined 1990 and 1991 data. Based on sensitivity, reproducibility and occurrence of the Piper-Steenbjerg effect, we concluded that N, K or P concentrations in the fifth leaf sampled in October, or in whole stems at harvest, were not reliable indicators of the nutrient status of Ixodia daisy. The application of N and P did not affect the concentration of minor or micronutrients in the fifth leaf. In contrast, the application of K increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) concentrations by 14.3, 33.3 and 12.2%, respectively. For a high density planting (13,000 plants) we estimated that for N, P and K, 69.4, 6.2 and 83.2 kg/ha, respectively, are removed in marketable stems. The application of P increased extractable-P concentrations in the surface (0-15 cm) soil from 22 to 73 mg/kg. We suggest that for surface (0-15 cm) soils, extractable-P and extractable-K concentrations in the ranges 15-95 and 210-260 mg/kg, respectively, are adequate and indicate that a yield response to the application of these nutrients in fertiliser may not occur.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Response of cvv. Russet Burbank and Kennebec to two double superphosphates of different cadmium concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cd Removal

Separate field experiments were conducted with Russet Burbank and Kennebec potatoes on a basaltic krasnozem where tuber cadmium (Cd) responses were examined over three rates of banded phosphorus (P), supplied as double superphosphate (DSP) containing either 15 or 90 mg Cd kg-1. In both cultivars, tuber Cd concentrations increased with rate of DSP. This response was due more to the amount of P supplied in the DSP than the amount of Cd supplied in the DSP and may be a result of banded P encouraging root proliferation in the fertilizer band. Even with DSP at 15 mg Cd kg-1, Cd additions at rates of DSP needed for high yields were 6-20 times higher than corresponding rates of Cd removal in tubers. Examination of data from all studies of Cd in Russet Burbank on Tasmanian krasnozems showed a significant relationship between petiole and tuber Cd concentrations, but the estimation of a petiole concentration associated with the critical tuber Cd concentration in Australia was subject to unacceptable uncertainty due to variation between sites.

Comparison of total tuber yields from inner and guard rows used in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fertiliser experiments

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AB Frensham ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Total tuber yields were compared for inner and outer (guard) rows from 4 phosphorus (P) and 3 nitrogen (N) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 in South Australia, and from 5 N and 2 potassium (K) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 and 1987-88 in Tasmania. All fertiliser treatments were banded along the rows, either at planting or part at planting and the remainder sidedressed after emergence. The inter-row spacings were in the range 76-86 cm and the cultivars used were Kennebec, Coliban and Russet Burbank. Analysis showed that at only 1 of the 14 sites (site 6 in South Australia) was the mean total tuber yield for the inner 2 rows significantly (P<0.01) less than the mean total tuber yield for all 4 rows. However, the difference was small (0.8 t/ha or 1.9%) and of little practical importance. The relationships between mean (� s.e.) total tuber yield and rate (kg/ha) of applied nutrient (0-240 P, 0-320 N, 0-400 K) for inner and guard rows showed that differences between means were small and usually within standard error ranges at all sites. There were no consistent differences in the magnitudes of the standard errors of the means for inner and guard rows for all rates and types of nutrient applied. No significant cross-feeding occurred in these fertiliser experiments, which suggests that omission of guard rows from experiments where the fertiliser treatments are applied along the rows should not result in serious errors of interpretation of tuber yield response.

Soil and tissue tests to predict pasture yield responses to applications of potassium fertiliser in high-rainfall areas of south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
W. J. Cox ◽  
B. J. Codling
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Yield Responses

Dairy and beef pastures in the high (>800 mm annual average) rainfall areas of south-western Australia, based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), grow on acidic to neutral deep (>40 cm) sands, up to 40 cm sand over loam or clay, or where loam or clay occur at the surface. Potassium deficiency is common, particularly for the sandy soils, requiring regular applications of fertiliser potassium for profitable pasture production. A large study was undertaken to assess 6 soil-test procedures, and tissue testing of dried herbage, as predictors of when fertiliser potassium was required for these pastures. The 100 field experiments, each conducted for 1 year, measured dried-herbage production separately for clover and ryegrass in response to applied fertiliser potassium (potassium chloride). Significant (P<0.05) increases in yield to applied potassium (yield response) were obtained in 42 experiments for clover and 6 experiments for ryegrass, indicating that grass roots were more able to access potassium from the soil than clover roots. When percentage of the maximum (relative) yield was related to soil-test potassium values for the top 10 cm of soil, the best relationships were obtained for the exchangeable (1 mol/L NH4Cl) and Colwell (0.5 mol/L NaHCO3-extracted) soil-test procedures for potassium. Both procedures accounted for about 42% of the variation for clover, 15% for ryegrass, and 32% for clover + grass. The Colwell procedure for the top 10 cm of soil is now the standard soil-test method for potassium used in Western Australia. No increases in clover yields to applied potassium were obtained for Colwell potassium at >100 mg/kg soil. There was always a clover-yield increase to applied potassium for Colwell potassium at <30 mg/kg soil. Corresponding potassium concentrations for ryegrass were >50 and <30 mg/kg soil. At potassium concentrations 30–100 mg/kg soil for clover and 30–50 mg/kg soil for ryegrass, the Colwell procedure did not reliably predict yield response, because from nil to large yield responses to applied potassium occurred. The Colwell procedure appears to extract the most labile potassium in the soil, including soluble potassium in soil solution and potassium balancing negative charge sites on soil constituents. In some soils, Colwell potassium was low indicating deficiency, yet plant roots may have accessed potassum deeper in the soil profile. Where the Colwell procedure does not reliably predict soil potassium status, tissue testing may help. The relationship between relative yield and tissue-test potassium varied markedly for different harvests in each year of the experiments, and for different experiments. For clover, the concentration of potassium in dried herbage that was related to 90% of the maximum, potassium non-limiting yield (critical potassium) was at the concentration of about 15 g/kg dried herbage for plants up to 8 weeks old, and at <10 g/kg dried herbage for plants older than 10–12 weeks. For ryegrass, there were insufficient data to provide reliable estimates of critical potassium.

Yield Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes to Late Blight Caused by Phytophthora infestans in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prossy Namugga ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Rob Melis ◽  
Alex Barekye
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Yield Response

scholarly journals Importance of whole plant dry matter dynamics for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield response to an episode of high temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Otieno Obiero ◽  
Stephen Paul Milroy ◽  
Richard William Bell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. McBeath ◽  
Evelina Facelli ◽  
Courtney A. E. Peirce ◽  
Viran Kathri Arachchige ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Fertiliser Application

The ability to utilise foliar-applied phosphorus (P) as a strategy to increase the P status and yield of grain crops grown in dryland regions with variable climates is attractive. Several P formulations with varying pH, accompanying cations and adjuvants were tested for their effectiveness as foliar fertilisers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, first under controlled and then under field conditions. Experiments under controlled conditions suggested that several formulations with specific chemistries offered promise with respect to wheat fertiliser-P recovery and biomass responses. These formulations were then evaluated in two field experiments, and although wheat grown at the sites showed substantive responses to soil-applied P, there was no significant grain-yield response to foliar-applied P. Following the limited responses to foliar-applied fertiliser in the field, we used an isotopic dilution technique to test the hypothesis that the variation in responses of wheat to foliar addition of P could be explained by a mechanism of substitution, whereby root P uptake is downregulated when P is taken up through the leaves, but this was proven not to be the case. We conclude that foliar P application cannot be used as a tactical fertiliser application to boost grain yield of wheat in dryland regions.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) I. Effects of lime and phosphorus on cv. Russet Burbank

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Cd Availability

Field experiments were conducted at three sites on basaltic krasnozems to examine cadmium (Cd) responses of Russet Burbank potatoes to different rates of broadcast lime and banded phosphorus (P). Double superphosphate (DSP, containing 15 and 90 mg Cd kg-1) and triple superphosphate (TSP, 12 mg Cd kg-1)) were the sources of P. In a fourth experiment, lime was banded with the basal fertilizer. Despite producing a range of topsoil pH (1:5 H20) of 5.2 to 7.1, broadcast lime had no effect on tuber Cd concentrations. Lime had no effect when banded with the basal fertilizer, and the practice did not adversely affect yields. With broadcast lime, Cd availability from the fertilizer band may have been unaffected. However, there were also no lime x P interactions at any site, suggesting that lime also had no effect on the availability of Cd in the soil. It is possible that Tasmanian krasnozems, with their high organic matter and iron oxide content, restrict the availability of Cd in the soil such that pH change exerts little net influence on Cd availability. Increasing amounts of Cd applied in P fertilizer increased tuber Cd concentrations significantly, but the increases were less per unit of P than those found previously when TSP with 151 mg Cd kg-1) was used.

Yield and phosphorus nutrition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. ‘Delaware’ grown on a yellow Karrakatta sand containing freshly- and previously-applied Alkaloam - gypsum

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
I. R. McPharlin ◽  
R. C. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Unamended Soil ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser

Summary. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. ‘Delaware’ were grown over winter on a yellow Karrakatta sand amended with Alkaloam–gypsum (AG; previously referred to as red mud–gypsum) at up to 240 t/ha, both freshly-applied (2 experiments) and applied 2.5 years earlier (1 experiment). Several levels of phosphorus fertiliser (0–600 kg P/ha) were applied to the freshly-applied AG and a single level (600 kg P/ha) was applied to the previously-applied AG. Amendment of the soil with 60 t AG/ha (freshly-applied) doubled the amount of fertiliser phosphorus retained in the top 30 cm of soil when 100 kg P/ha was applied. On freshly-applied AG, bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus showed an upward trend with level of AG, being 16 mg/kg (0–15 cm) at 0 t AG/ha and 34 mg/kg at 90 t AG/ha. This will decrease phosphorus fertiliser requirements in the following potato crop by 49% relative to unamended soil based on previously published soil test standards. Amendment with freshly-applied AG increased the level of applied phosphorus required for 99% of maximum petiole phosphorus concentration by 46 and 139% in the 2 experiments compared with unamended soil. Maximum yield was significantly reduced by 7–10% at 60 t/ha of freshly-applied AG compared with unamended soil while on residual AG it was only reduced at 240 t/ha (12%) (trend only). Yield reductions were not correlated with a reduced availability of phosphorus, however, they may have been due to a reduced availability of potassium. The concentrations in the tubers of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury and nickel did not exceed legal limits on soil amended with AG.

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