Host range and physiologic specialisation of Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from field peas in South Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Medicago Scutellata ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Medicago Littoralis

Macrophomina phaseolina is reported as a pathogen of field peas, causing leaf, stem, and petiole lesions characteristic of ascochyta infection. Alternative hosts were found to include Vigna mungo, Medicago littoralis, Medicago scutellata, and Lens culinaris. Twenty-one isolates of M. phaseolina were differentiated into 15 pathotypes. Adequate sources of resistance were identified against all pathotypes. Breeding for specific resistance to M. phaseolina in field peas is discussed.

Root rot of irrigated lentils in Iran

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (24) ◽  
pp. 2549-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kaiser ◽  
Glenn M. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

In some areas of Iran, root rot of irrigated lentils (Lens culinaris) was a serious problem resulting in high plant mortality and decreased yields. Pythium ultimum was the predominant soil-borne pathogen isolated from discolored, necrotic roots of diseased plants in furrow-irrigated fields at Karaj, and appeared to be the primary incitant of root rot of irrigated lentils at several other locations in the country. Pythium aphanidermatum was the primary pathogen isolated from roots of diseased lentils at two irrigated sites in southern Iran. Isolates of P. ultimum and P. aphanidermatum were highly pathogenic on roots of lentil in greenhouse inoculation studies. Other fungi isolated from diseased lentil roots less frequently were Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, F. roseum, and F. solani. Cultures of R. solani, Phytophthora sp., and M. phaseolina were less pathogenic on lentil roots than either Pythium sp., whereas the three Fusarium spp. were nonpathogens. Incidence and severity of root rot increased in Karaj field trials in treatments receiving N and P fertilizer and irrigation every 6 days. In greenhouse tests, incidence of root rot increased when naturally infested Karaj soils were amended with 1 or 10% cow manure before planting. Sources of resistance to the lentil root rot complex were found in germplasm screened in naturally infested soils at Karaj.

The epidemiology and control of ascochyta blight in field peas: a review

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
P. J. Keane ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Ascochyta blight is one of the most important diseases affecting field peas. The disease occurs in almost all pea-growing regions of the world and can cause significant crop losses when conditions are favourable for an epidemic. Here we review current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease. Details are provided of disease symptoms, the disease cycle and the taxonomy of the causal fungi, Ascochyta pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma pinodella. The importance of seed-, soil- and air-borne inoculum is discussed along with the factors that influence survival of the causal fungi in soil, on seed or associated with pea trash. Many studies have been reviewed to establish how the fungi responsible for the disease survives from year to year, how the disease becomes established in new crops and the conditions that favour disease development. Evidence is provided that crop rotation, destruction of infected pea trash and chemical seed treatments can significantly reduce the amount of primary inoculum. Later sowing of crops has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of disease. Fungicides have been used successfully to control the disease, although the cost of their application can significantly reduce the profitability of the crop. The best long-term strategy for effective disease control appears to be the development of ascochyta blight resistant pea varieties. Reports of physiological specialisation in ascochyta blight fungi are also documented. Despite extensive screening of germplasm, relatively few sources of resistance to ascochyta blight fungi have been found in Pisum sativum. However, the discovery of much better sources of resistance in closely related species and the development of advanced breeding methods offer new possibilities for developing useful resistance.

Two new Pseudephedrus Starý, aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) associated with Nothofagus in South America. With notes on the continental drift

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nothofagus Obliqua

AbstractPseudephedrus chilensis n.sp., a parasite of Neuquenaphis schlingeri H. R. Lambers on Nothofagus obliqua, and P. lambersi n.sp., a parasite of N. similis H. R. Lambers on Nothofagus pumilo in South America are described. A key to the ♀♀ of the three known species of Pseudephedrus is provided. Taxonomical affinities, distribution, and host range of the aphidiid genera Parephedrus Starý & Carver, 1971, Pseudephedrus Starý, 1972, and Vanhartenia Starý & v. Harten, 1972 are examined and discussed. These aphidiids are found to be specific parasites of ancient Callaphidid aphids, viz. Sensoriaphis furcifera in South Australia, Neolizerius acunai Holman in Cuba, Neuquenaphis spp. in Chile, and Paoliella monotuberculata in West Africa, respectively. The distribution of the aphids could be connected with Gondwanaland, and thus the aphidiids possibly provide further evidence of continental drift and for the former existence of such a continent.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Properties of Broad Bean Stain Virus in South Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Moghal ◽  
RIB Francki
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Symptom Expression

A polyhedral virus was isolated from commercial broad bean seedlings in South Australia and identified as broad bean stain virus on the basis of host range, symptom expression, morphology and serology. The virus is shown to have a divided genome and the data available confirm that it should be included in the comovirus group.

Ulocladium atrum. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ulocladium atrum Preuss. Fungi: Ascomycota: Pleosporales. Main hosts: potato (Solanum tuberosum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) and almond (Prunus dulcis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus, Denmark, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, European Russia, Spain, UK, England and Wales, Scotland), Asia (China, India, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Malaysia, Sabah, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey), Africa (Egypt, Libya, Sierra Leone), North America (Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, California, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, New Jersey, New York, Washington), Central America and Caribbean (Nicaragua), South America (Argentina, Chile, Peru), Oceania (Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand).

scholarly journals Resistance of Wheat Line Kavkaz-K4500 L.6.A.4 to Septoria Tritici Blotch Controlled by Isolate-Specific Resistance Genes

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chartrain ◽  
S. T. Berry ◽  
J. K. M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
The Uk

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, germplasm-derived wheat (Triticum aestivum) Kavkaz-K4500 L.6.A.4 (KK) is one of the major sources of resistance to Septoria tritici blotch (STB). KK is resistant to STB in field conditions in the UK even though a large majority of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates are virulent to it. The genetics of the resistance of KK to four isolates of M. graminicola were investigated. KK has at least five isolate-specific resistance genes including Stb6 on chromosome 3A plus a second gene for resistance to isolate IPO323, two genes on chromosome 4A, both in the region where Stb7 is located with one designated as Stb12, and a gene designated Stb10 on chromosome 1D. Taken together, the widespread use of KK as a source of resistance to STB, its high resistance in field conditions, and its high susceptibility to M. graminicola isolates, which are virulent to all its resistance genes, suggest that high levels of field resistance to STB might be achieved by pyramiding several isolate-specific resistance genes.

Detection and occurrence of a new pathotype of Puccinia triticina with virulence for Lr24 in Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Park ◽  
H. S. Bariana ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
H. Wallwork
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Australian Wheat

The leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 remained effective in Australia from at least 1983, when the first wheat cultivar with this gene was released, until 2000, when a virulent isolate of Puccinia triticina was detected. Results of comparative greenhouse studies were consistent with the hypothesis that the new virulent isolate developed from pathotype 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11 by mutation to virulence for Lr24. The new pathotype was first detected in South Australia (October 2000), and was subsequently detected in southern New South Wales (November 2000), Victoria (March 2001), and Queensland (March 2001), suggesting that it originated in South Australia and then spread to other parts of the eastern Australian wheatbelt. Greenhouse tests of 28 Australian wheat cultivars possessing Lr24 revealed that all except Dennis, Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were seedling susceptible to the new pathotype. Cultivars Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were postulated to carry Lr13, whereas cv. Dennis carries either Lr17b or Lr13. Adult plant field tests of 20 cultivars with Lr24 conducted during 2001 confirmed the resistance of Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98, whereas all other cultivars tested were either moderately resistant to moderately susceptible or susceptible to the new pathotype. Given that some of these cultivars appear to possess Lr34, and that the expression of this gene is influenced by temperature and other environmental factors, further field testing under different seasonal conditions will provide a more accurate indication of their response. Cultivars with Lr37 or Lr13 in combination with Lr1 or Lr2a remain effective to all known pathotypes of P. triticina in Australia. Several new sources of resistance to P. triticina that are effective to Australian pathotypes are currently being evaluated, along with additive adult plant resistances. These sources should provide a greater diversity of resistance to this pathogen in future Australian wheat cultivars.

Targeting test environments and rust-resistant genotypes in lentils (Lens culinaris) by using heritability-adjusted biplot analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parihar ◽  
Ashwani K. Basandrai ◽  
K. P. S. Kushwaha ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
K. D. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Lentil rust incited by the fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae is a major impedance to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production globally. Host-plant resistance is the most reliable, efficient and viable strategy among the various approaches to control this disease. In this study, 26 lentil genotypes comprising advanced breeding lines and released varieties along with a susceptible check were evaluated consecutively for rust resistance under natural incidence for two years and at five test locations in India. A heritability-adjusted genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot program was used to analyse disease-severity data. The results revealed that, among the interactive factors, the GE interaction had the greatest impact (27.81%), whereas environment and genotype showed lower effects of 17.2% and 20.98%, respectively. The high GE variation made possible the evaluation of the genotypes at different test locations. The HA-GGE biplot method identified two sites (Gurdaspur and Pantnagar) as the ideal test environments in this study, with high efficiency for selection of durable and rust-resistant genotypes, whereas two other sites (Kanpur and Faizabad) were the least desirable test environments. In addition, the HA-GGE biplot analysis identified three distinct mega-environments for rust severity in India. Furthermore, the analysis identified three genotypes, DPL 62, PL 165 and PL 157, as best performing and durable for rust resistance in this study. The HA-GGE biplot analysis recognised the best test environments, restructured the ecological zones for lentil-rust testing, and identified stable sources of resistance for lentil rust disease, under multi-location and multi-year trials.

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