Effect of postharvest dipping in insecticides on the vase life of Geraldton waxflower

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Seaton ◽  
DC Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

In postharvest dipping treatment of Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum), 13 insecticides tested at recommended application rates caused no visual injury, but some reduced vase life. Flowers of cv. Purple Pride were more sensitive to insecticides than leaves. There was no loss of vase life of flowers following dipping in chlorpyrifos, dimethoate or permethrin. Following dipping in deltamethrin, carbaryl, dichlorvos, cypermethrin, endosulfan or fenvalerate there was 31-49% loss of vase life. No loss of vase life was observed for cv. Alba, after dipping in carbaryl, fenvalerate or dimethoate. Insecticide dips containing wetting agent and a fungicide (e.g. a combination of deltamenthrin, Aqua and benomyl) was a suitable dip for Geraldton waxflower. Wetting agents varied in their effect on vase life. Aqua shortened vase life less than Agral, and D-CTrate less than D-C-Tron. Stems rapidly lost weight when held out of water following dipping, and vase life was reduced when ambient temperatures were above 30�C or drying times exceeded 60 min. It was concluded that flowers should be kept cool and well hydrated following dipping treatment.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON CHARCOT-LEYDEN CRYSTALS

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM W. AYRES ◽  
N. M. STARKEY
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Polarizing Microscopy ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Wetting Agents

Abstract 1. Synthetic detergents of the anionic, cationic and nonionic types result in the rapid and constant formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals from eosinophils. 2. Charcot-Leyden crystals have a negative crystalline birefringence and form penetration twins. 3. The changes taking place in the eosinophil in the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals under the influence of wetting agents, utilizing phase and polarizing microscopy, are described. 4. In the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals with wetting agents, the nucleus of the eosinophil lyses with no appreciable effect on the granules. 5. In the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals with a wetting agent, there is no change in the lipoid cortex of the eosinophil as demonstrated by staining with sudan black B. 6. Charcot-Leyden crystals undergo changes on standing that affect their solubilities. 7. The staining reactions and solubilities of Charcot-Leyden crystals are described. 8. Oxyhemoglobin crystals constantly form from red cells on exposure to Aerosol MA; on two occasions, tyrosine crystals formed from the blood of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. 9. Evidence is offered that Charcot-Leyden crystals are crystalline proteins derived only from the nucleus of the eosinophil.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE AND LIQUID FERTILIZATION ON LEATHERLEAF FERN AND NITROGEN LEACHING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 582f-583
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Intact Soil

Established leatherleaf fern was grown for one year in a glasshouse in intact soil columns (Astatula fine sand, 21 × 61 cm) contained in drainage lysimeters. Columns were fertilized at rates of 224, 448, or 672 kg N ha-1 yr-1 using controlled-release (CR) fertilizer, either 360-day (360CR) or 180-day (180CR) term, or weekly applications of liquid (L) fertilizer. Water use, yield (number of harvestable fronds) and average frond weight increased linearly with increasing fertilization rate and more fronds were produced using L than CR fertilizers. Frond color measurements paralleled yield results. During cool weather when vase life is greatest, fronds from L fertilizer lysimeters lasted longer than fronds from CR treated plots. During warmer weather, treatments had no effect on vase life. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching increased with fertilization rate and exceeded 10 ppm in leachate from the L and 180CR treatments at all application rates. NO3-N in leachate from 360CR lysimeters never exceeded 8 ppm at any application rate.

scholarly journals Soil wetting agents influences on soil hydrophobicity : the effects and mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Enzhan Song
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Wetting Agents

Soil water repellency (SWR), which causes uneven water distribution in top soil, is a common problem for sandy soils, especially on sand-based growing media such as USGA (United States Golf Association) greens. The SWR is caused by wax-like organic substances coating on the surface of sand particles which repel water. Wetting agent, which are surface active agents or surfactants, have bi-affinity structure with water-loving (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic) groups on each end of the structure, is the primary tool for treatment of SWR. The hydrophobic end will attach wetting agent compounds with SWR coatings at the sand surface, thus facing the water-loving side towards outside and interact with surrounding water molecules. Wetting agents are developed with mainly two purposes: enhancement of water infiltration and improving water retention. More recently designed products also aim at potentially remove SWR causing organic coatings from the soil profile thus provide longer and more efficient wetting. However, previous studies conducted in turf area on wetting agents related topics often only looked at the treatment effects on turfgrass responses and overall turf performance. The objective of this dissertation study is to comprehensively investigate the direct wetting agents influences on soil hydrology (soil water movement), soil chemistry (hydrophobic organic coating removal), and soil microbiology (soil microbial community), with goal of explaining the working mechanisms of different wetting agents. Except pHAcid, most tested wetting agents mitigated SWR with either enhanced infiltration rate or reduced soil hydrophobicity. While the compounds of OARS strongly sorped into the SWR sand system and increased SWR, Matador successfully removed significant amount of non-dissolved organic materials from the SWR sand and transformed the sand to spontaneous wetting status. The soil microbial community was significantly influenced by the weather conditions, while wetting agents that enhanced infiltration (e.g. Hydro-Wet) potentially reduced soil water holding capacity and led to decreased soil microbial abundancy.

scholarly journals Cold Storage of Selected Members of the Proteaceae and Australian Native Cut Flowers

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Jones ◽  
John Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Five members of the Proteaceae and 13 Australian native cut flower cultivars were stored for 35 days under standard conditions at 1C to assess their ability to withstand long-term storage and transport. Protea cynaroides L., Leucadendron `Silvan Red', Leucospermum `Firewheel', Thryptomene calycina (Lindl.) Stapf., Telopea speciosissima R. Br., and Verticordia grandtiflora Endl. retained a vase life of at least 7 days after 21 days of storage. Leucospermum cordifolium Salisb. ex Knight, Protea neriifoli R. Br., Chamelaucium uncinatum `Alba', C. uncinatum `Purple Pride', Verticordia monadelpha Turcz., Verticordia plumosa (Desf.) Druce, and Verticordia nitens (Lindl.) Schau. suffered a decline in vase life ranging from 31% to 100% after 14 to 21 days of storage. Species of Verticordia and Chamelaucium were particularly susceptible to fungal infection. Anigozanthos pulcherrimus Hook. and the Anigozanthos cultivars Ruby Delight, Bush Harmony, Bush Haze, and Gold Fever all showed a significant reduction in vase life after 14 days of storage compared with unstored controls.

scholarly journals Effect of Wetting Agent on Nutrient and Water Retention and Runoff from Simulated Urban Lawns

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013
Author(s):  
Baoxin Chang ◽  
Benjamin Wherley ◽  
Jacqueline Aitkenhead-Peterson ◽  
Nadezda Ojeda ◽  
Charles Fontanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
Runoff Losses

Wetting agents have been widely used in the turf industry for ameliorating hydrophobic soil conditions and improving water use efficiency. However, limited information is available regarding potential benefits of wetting agents on fine textured soil lawns where wettable soils are commonly found, because most prior studies have been conducted in sand-based turf systems. This 2-year field study evaluated the potential for wetting agents to improve turf quality, as well as to reduce runoff losses of water and nutrients from st. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] lawns. Over two seasons, turfgrass quality, percent green cover, and soil moisture in plots were evaluated in response to wetting agent and fertilizer treatments. During precipitation events, total runoff volumes were measured, as well as total export of nutrients including NO3-N, NH4-N, total dissolved N, dissolved organic N, dissolved organic C, and PO4-P. No runoff was detected from any treatments when precipitation was less than 13 mm. St. augustinegrass turfgrass quality and soil moisture were slightly improved by wetting agent and fertilizer treatments during the study, but no significant effects of either of the treatments were found on runoff volumes or nutrient exports. Although turf was managed under deficit irrigation levels of 0.3 × reference evapotranspiration, irrigation events were not withheld due to rainfall, and thus, little to no drought stress was observed during the study.

scholarly journals Wetting Characteristics of Different Peat and Peat: Bark-based Potting Media: Influence of Wetting Agents in Improving Wetting and Rewetting Performance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 583f-584
Author(s):  
Santakumari Mane ◽  
James A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Agent Treatment

Eight different peat-based or peat: bark-based potting media were evaluated for their wetting performance when treated with the media wetting agent AquaGro 2000 (2–5 oz/yd3). Upon initial irrigation, no differences in wetting uniformity were observed in seven of the eight test media regardless of their media wetting agent treatments. In four media, water retention was reduced by media wetting agent treatment, however, uniform distribution of water was achieved. AquaGro 2000 improved uniformity of initial wetting in one medium in which the initial moisture content was 6.5%. Uniformity of wetting and water retention improved with increasing wetting agent rate. All media were allowed to air dry and then were re-irrigated. Wetting agent-treated media rewet uniformly, while rewetting varied greatly in untreated media (7.5%–82.5%). Less than 50% of the mass of untreated media wet subsequent to drying. Those portions of the untreated media that did wet retained up to three times more water per unit volume compared to AquaGro 2000-treated media. AquaGro 2000 enhanced uniformity of rewetting, reduced water logging, and improved drainage at all rates (2–5 oz/yd3) tested. Media composition (peat vs. peat: bark did not affect wetting agent efficacy.

Postharvest floral organ fall in Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer)

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Possible reasons for, and prevention of, postharvest floral organ fall in Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium unciizatum Schauer) were studied. An 11-kg compression load, equivalent to the lidding of a carton, caused flower fall amounting to 1% of the fresh mass of 420-g bunches. Fungal development also resulted in flower abscission. Healthy flowers produced little ethylene (e.g. 0.05 �L/kg.h), while infected flowers produced much more (e.g. 7.71 �L/kg.h) and were shed. Treatment with fungicide (iprodione + mancozeb) and antiethylene compounds [e.g. silver thiosulfate (STS) pulse, Purafil sorbant] reduced flowerfall in packaged flowers. Cut sprigs which suffered severe water deficit also shed flowers. In cv. Elegance, drying to -3.61 MPa elevated ethylene production (e.g. 1.35 �L/kg . h). Flowerfall induced by water deficit could be reduced by pretreatment with a STS pulse (0.5 mmol Ag+/L for 15-22 h at 0�C or 4 mmol Ag+/L for 20-30 min at about 20�C). Pretreatment with a naphthaleneacetic acid dip (50 mg/L for 1 min at room temperature) shortened the vase life of Elegance.

Study on Preparation of Carbonaceous Pelletizing in Industrial Silicon Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Ni Yang ◽  
Xiao Hua Yu ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Chong Jun Bao ◽  
Xiao Cai He
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Mass Content ◽  
Silicon Production ◽  
Wetting Agents

In this paper, the pelletizing as carbonaceous reducing agent of industrial silicon were prepared using anthracite fine, petroleum coke powders, charcoal powders and silica fume as materials, and starch D as binder, the effects of different wetting agents on performances such as compressive strength of fresh pelletizing and dry pelletizing, the heat intensity and the shatter strength were researched. The results show that: when starch D mass content was 3.04% and sodium hydroxide solution was used as wetting agent, the performances were better, and compressive strength of fresh pelletizing was 1401.1N, compressive strength of dry pelletizing was 8109.3N, the heat intensity was 95.34%, and the shatter strength was 99.09%.

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