Evaluation of amounts, methods and sources of zinc application to wheat in flood plain soils

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Sharma ◽  
J. C. Katyal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zinc Application

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in a zinc-deficient flood plain alluvial soil to study the effect of amounts, methods and sources of zinc application on the yield and uptake of zinc by wheat. Zinc was applied at 0, 5 and 10 kg Zn/ha as zinc sulphate and zinc oxide either broadcast and mixed in the soil or drilled below the seed. Spray application of zinc was also tested. Irrespective of the source, grain yield and zinc uptake significantly increased up to 10 kg Zn/ha. Soil-applied zinc was highly correlated with yield and zinc uptake in the two field experiments. Grain yield was also found to be significantly correlated with zinc content of grain (r = 0·78), straw (r = 0·72) and flag leaf (r = 0·66). When applied at the rate of 10 kg Zn/ha, broadcasting of zinc sulphate and drilling of ZnO below the seed were equally effective in increasing grain yield of wheat. Foliar spray of zinc sulphate was an effective emergency method, but in highly zinc-deficient soils it did not compare well with soil application of zinc.

scholarly journals Response of zinc application on growth, zinc content and grain yield of rice genotypes and correlation between zinc content and yield attributes of rice genotypes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Dore ◽  
R.V. Koti ◽  
K.K. Math
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2013 and 2014 at Agricultural Research Station, Mugad, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad (Karnataka), to determine the response of zinc applicationon on growth, zinc content and grain yield of rice genotypes and also studied correlation between yield and zinc content. The experiment was comprised of 20 genotypes and three treatments viz., T1: Control (no zinc); T2: Soil application of ZnSO4 (20 kg ha-1) T3– Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 50% flowering, laid out in factorial randomized block design with two replications. The data revealed that application of ZnSO4 recorded significantly higher plant height (85.9 cm), leaf area (764.5 cm-2 plant-1), number of tillers (95.4 m-1), total dry weight (26.1 g plant-1), panicle weight(15.3 g plant-1), number of panicles (81.6 m-1) and grain yield(3966 kg ha-1) over the foliar application of Zn and control . However number of grains panicle-1 (97.8 panicle-1), test weight (23.7 g), shoot and seed zinc content (15.9 and 21.2 ppm, respectively) were increased with foliar application of Zn. Correlation studies classified the genotypes as high seed zinc content (> 21 ppm) and low seed zinc content genotypes ( less than 21 ppm). High and low seed zinc content genotypes showed negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. However, shoot zinc content was positively correlated with yield.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elshayb ◽  
Khaled Y. Farroh ◽  
Heba E. Amin ◽  
Ayman M. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

Effects of Nitrogen on Zinc Uptake, Accumulation and Partitioning of Wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Hong Chang ◽  
Xin Bin Zhou ◽  
Shu Hui Yu ◽  
Yong Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Pot Culture

Effects of nitrogen on uptake, accumulation and partitioning of zinc throughout the development of wheat were studied under pot-culture conditions. The results showed that under low zinc application (0.2 mg kg-1) the grain zinc content increased by 140% when nitrogen fertilizer increased from 50 mg kg-1 to 150 mg kg-1. Under high zinc application (5 mg kg-1) the grain zinc content increased by 61%. Increasing nitrogen application under low zinc fertilizer, the grain zinc mainly comes from the root zinc uptake. While increasing nitrogen application under high zinc fertilizer, the grain zinc mainly comes from the straw zinc remobilization.

scholarly journals Chlormequat chloride and ethephon affect growth and yield formation of conventional, naked and dwarf oat

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
A. RAJALA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Yield Formation

Department of Plant Production, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Current address: MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. e-mail: [email protected] Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are not usually applied to oat (Avena sativa L.) crops. This study was designed to test whether the antigibberellin chlormequat chloride (CCC) and ethylene-releasing ethephon sprayed on to oat foliage represent potential agents for manipulation of yield formation under northern growing conditions. Effects of these PGRs on yield components and tiller growth and productivity were examined in detail. This study included a long-strawed landrace, a modern standard height cultivar, two naked (A. sativa ssp. nuda L.) and two dwarf oats. Field experiments were conducted at Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki, in 1995 and 1996. Chlormequat chloride was sprayed at the two-node stage and ethephon when the flag leaf ligule was just visible on the main shoot. Various traits characterizing growth and yield formation were assessed. Chlormequat chloride increased grain yield by 0% to 13% depending on cultivar and year, while ethephon most often decreased it by up to 17%. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging. However, CCC treatment resulted in more panicles per square meter and in 1995 tillers contributed more to grain yield. Ethephon treated plants had less grains per main shoot panicle, lower panicle filling rate (PFR) and parallel decreased harvest index (HI). Stem elongation of dwarf oat was enhanced by CCC, in contrast to that of conventional and naked cultivars.;

Critical plant and seed concentrations of phosphorus and zinc for predicting response of faba beans (Vicia faba)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
WA Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Faba Beans

Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) were grown in 1 glasshouse and 3 field experiments to calibrate the critical concentrations of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in selected plant tissues for vegetative and grain yields. In the field experiments, responses in grain yield to soil-applied P were between 0.5 and 0.8 t/ha (20-25%) at sites with extractable Colwell soil P concentrations of 20 and 23 mg/kg. Similarly, grain yields were increased by 0.6-1.2 t/ha (20-30%) from the application of either soil-applied or foliar Zn. These field responses to Zn only occurred if P fertiliser was applied at sowing. Maximum yields were obtained by either applying about 2 kg Zn/ha to the soil at sowing, or 500 g Zn/ha as a foliar spray, 8 weeks after sowing. In field experiments, critical P concentrations in the youngest open leaf during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield in the field, remained constant over a 10-week growing period. A critical nutrient range of 0.40-0.41% is proposed. However, critical concentrations of P in whole top for maximum grain yield, declined from 0.40 to 0.27% over the same growing period. For bean seed collected at harvest, a critical concentration of 0.36% P for maximum grain yield was derived. Critical concentrations of Zn during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield, derived in both glasshouse and field experiments, were very similar in youngest open leaf and whole top, and no significant decline with plant age was observed; a critical nutrient range of 19-24 mg/kg is proposed. For seed collected at harvest, a critical nutrient range for diagnosis of Zn deficiency of 13-15 mg/kg is suggested.

Influence of NAA and nitrogen on the growth and yield of late-planted paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
H. S. Grewal ◽  
H. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Four Levels

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out at Ludhiana in Punjab during 1982 and 1983 on the effect of foliar application of water spray or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 100 and 200 mg/1 of water on the growth and yield of rice when applied at tillering and before panicle emergence stages of late-transplanted paddy grown under four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha). Foliar spray of NAA significantly increased the grain yield of paddy as compared with water spray under low levels of nitrogen (0 and 60 kg/ha) owing to increases in the number of ear-bearing shoots per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and grain weight. Chlorophyll content of leaves, leaf area index and interception of photosynthetically active radiation by the crop canopy also increased with foliar spray of NAA and application of nitrogen. Paddy responded significantly up to 90 kg N/ha in terms of grain yield whereas straw yield increased significantly up to 120 kg N/ha. However, grain mass declined significantly with increase in nitrogen from 90 to 120 kg/ha.

Efficacy of calcium chloride and arginine foliar spray in alleviating terminal heat stress in late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
A. Roy Chowdhury ◽  
M. Ghosh ◽  
M. Lal ◽  
A. Pal ◽  
K. K. Hazra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress

AbstractTerminal heat stress leads to sizeable yield loss in late-sown wheat in tropical environments. Several synthetic compounds are known to counteract plant stress emanating from abiotic factors. A field experiment was conducted in Sabour (eastern India) during 2013–2016 to investigate the field efficacy of two synthetic compounds, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and arginine, for improving grain yield of two contrasting wheat cultivars (DBW 14 and K 307) facing terminal heat stress. For this, foliar spray of 18.0 mM CaCl2 at booting (CCB) or anthesis (CCA), 9.0 mM CaCl2 at both booting and anthesis (CCB+A), 2.5 mM arginine at booting (ARGB) or anthesis (ARGA) and 1.25 mM arginine at both booting and anthesis (ARGB+A) treatments along with no-spray and water-spray treatments were evaluated in late-sown wheat. The highest grain yield was recorded in treatment CCB+A, followed by CCA and ARGB+A. However, the effect of these compounds was marginal on grain yield when applied only at the booting stage. Grains/ear and thousand-grain weight were found to be the critical determinants for yield in late-sown wheat. During the anthesis to grain filling period, flag-leaf chlorophyll degradation and increase in relative permeability in no-spray treatment were 34–36% and 29–52%, respectively, but these values were reduced considerably in CCB+A treatment followed CCA. Thus, foliar spray of 9.0 mM CaCl2 both at booting and anthesis stages may be recommended for alleviating the negative impacts of terminal heat stress in late-sown wheat and improving its productivity (>13%).

Carbon isotope discrimination of two-rowed and six-rowed barley genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhen Jiang, Dominique Roche ◽  
David J. Hole
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Yield Parameters

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been widely used to estimate the water-use efficiency (WUE) of C3 cereals including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genetic lines of barley belong to two phenotypic classes for ear morphology, either two-rowed or six-rowed, a simply inherited trait. We tested the value of Δ as a predictor of grain yield and WUE for these two types of barley under different conditions of water availability. We also investigated if differences in plant morphology and yield parameters between these two types resulted in different carbon dynamics and different Δ values for grain, awn and flag leaf. We conducted field experiments for 3 consecutive years with genetic lines of both ear types in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, including two line-source sprinkler experiments. Correlations between grain yield and Δ values of flag leaf, awn and grain were stronger in combined analyses across ear types than in analyses within two-rowed (2R) and six-rowed (6R) types. Nevertheless, we found that Δ of mature awns and grains were a good predictor of yield for both barley types under low to moderate water stress. However, Δ was not a reliable predictor for barley yield under severe water stress. Pearson’s correlations were used to test associations between Δ values and several yield parameters (heading date, above-ground dry matter, harvest index, grain mass per fertile tiller). Our data indicated that among the field-grown genetic lines tested, the two types of barley differed in Δ values for grain, awn and flag leaf. Values of Δ for 2R barley were usually lower, suggesting higher WUE, than those for 6R types. Fundamental differences in sink size or grain mass per fertile tiller between 2R and 6R cultivars probably have important consequences on carbon/water metabolism at the whole tiller level. Key words: Barley, carbon isotope discrimination, yield, awn, drought, irrigation

scholarly journals Flower and pod development, grain-setting characteristics and grain yield in Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) in response to pre-anthesis foliar application of paclobutrazol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245554
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Zheng ◽  
Chunzeng Liu ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Benyin Li ◽  
Yuhu Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Astragalus Sinicus ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Chinese Milk Vetch

The number of grains per unit land area is the most important grain yield component in Chinese milk vetch. Flower and pod survival seem to be critical determinants of grain number, which is related to the number of fertile flowers and pods during the anthesis period. Flower and pod growth are frequently considered the key determinants to establish grain number. The objective of this study was to explore the influences of paclobutrazol on flower and pod development, grain-setting characteristics and grain yield in Chinese milk vetch under different concentrations of foliar spray and try to explore the physiological regulatory mechanisms. Field experiments were carried out during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons at the Dayuzhuang experimental field. The experiment involved the Chinese milk vetch cultivar “Xinzi No. 1” and six levels of foliar application of paclobutrazol, 0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg L-1, in treatments CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Foliar spray was applied once, at the squaring stage. In comparison with the CK treatment, all of the paclobutrazol treatments yielded, to various degrees, increased values of the number of inflorescences per unit area, number of pods per unit area, grain-setting rate of pods, and number of grains per pod in all six inflorescence layers, with the largest increases observed in the T3 treatment. In the T3 treatment compared with the CK treatment, from the first to sixth inflorescence layers, the number of inflorescences per unit area was increased by 34.07–58.97%, the number of pods per unit area was increased by 39.69–68.35%, the grain number per pod was increased by 44.31–53.69%, and the grain-setting rate of pods was increased by 1.84–4.89%. An analysis of yield composition revealed that the paclobutrazol spray treatment had little impact on the grain weight of Chinese milk vetch. The correlations between the concentration of paclobutrazol spray and the grain yield of Chinese milk vetch reached a significant level. Grain yield was highest at the paclobutrazol concentration of 373.10 mg/L. The inflorescence contents of gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were reduced, whereas that of cytokinin (CTK) was increased, by foliar application of paclobutrazol (400 mg L-1, T3 treatment) relative to CK treatment during the stages of flowers and pods developing into grains.

scholarly journals Effect of seaweed saps on growth and yield improvement of transplanted rice in old alluvial soil of West Bengal

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Koushik Brahmachari ◽  
Arup Ghosh ◽  
ST Zodape
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Transplanted Rice

On summer rice, foliar spray was applied thrice at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0%, v/v) of seaweed extracts (namely, Kappaphycus sp. and Gracilaria sp.) along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The highest grain yield was recorded with the applications of 15% Kappaphykus sap + RDF, followed by 15% Gracilaria sap + RDF extract resulting in 41.47 and 34.99% increases, respectively compared to the control. The maximum straw yield was also achieved with 15% seaweed extract application. Improved nutrient uptake (N, P and K) was also observed with seaweed extract applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19746 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 53-58, 2014 (June)

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