Multilayered surface for the interactive separation of perchlorate from aqueous medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Shalumon ◽  
Charuvila T. Aravindakumar ◽  
Usha K. Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Contaminate Drinking Water ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Competing Ions

Environmental contextPerchlorate from rocket fuel plants or firework manufacturing units can seriously contaminate drinking water. We developed a separation skin on a microfiltration membrane and on sand that can remove perchlorate from water in the presence of competing ions. This method is suitable for a domestic water purification unit selective for perchlorate removal. AbstractThis study reports an interactive separation of perchlorate (ClO4−) by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) deposited on a microfiltration membrane and on sand surfaces. The variation of the interaction with respect to deposition and feed variables was assessed. The 9 bilayered ((PEI/PSS) 0.15M NaCl, pH 6)) membranes showed a ClO4− rejection of ~80%. An increase in the feed concentration to 25mgL−1 reduced the rejection to 58%. With a feed pH from 4 to 10, the rejection varied between almost 100% and 16%. The presence of ions reduced the rejection percentage of ClO4− with the interference by the ions in the order of SO42−>HCO3−>NO3−>Cl−. The interference is attributed to the characteristics of the competing ions and the nature of the multilayers. A positive impact of post-treatment (98%) and capping layers on rejection percentage (80% to nearly complete) for synthetic and ClO4− contaminated field water samples is clearly established. The presence of competing ions is also accounted for by a capped membrane system. The selectivity of the competing ions increases with capping layers of 1M NaCl in the order of HCO3−>NO3−>SO42−. In the field water samples up to a SO42− concentration of 3.0mgL−1, the capping layers with 0.4M NaCl result in a near complete rejection of ClO4−, whereas further enhancement requires a capping layer of 1M NaCl. A sand filtration system was developed by incorporating the pre-optimised polyelectrolyte multilayer on sand. Deposition of a single bilayered PEI/PSS multilayer on sand effectively (nearly completely) removes ClO4−.

ENHANCING TEXTILE DYE REMOVAL IN EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE SYSTEM USING TAYLOR COUETTE COLUMN

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhi Kusumastuti ◽  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
Rodia Syamwil ◽  
Samsudin Anis
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Taylor Couette

Although textile dyes is basically available in very low concentration (10-200 ppm); it should be removed due to the toxicity to human body and environment. Among the existing methods, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a promising method by providing high interfacial area and the ability to remove a very low concentration of the solute. The optimal emulsions were produced using commercially supplied homogeniser. Initially, methylene blue in simulated wastewater was extracted using a Taylor-Couette column. Methylene blue concentration was determined using spectrophotometer. Complete extraction was performed in the designed column. The research obtained optimal extraction efficiency of about 99% at external phase pH of 10, carrier concentration of 9 wt. %, HCl concentration of 0.5 M, initial feed concentration of 20 ppm, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, extraction time of 5 min, and extraction speed of 600 rpm. 

scholarly journals Occurrence of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Rio de la Plata Estuary, Argentina: Field Study and Data Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giannuzzi ◽  
G. Carvajal ◽  
M. G. Corradini ◽  
C. Araujo Andrade ◽  
R. Echenique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
La Plata

Water samples were collected during 3 years (2004–2007) at three sampling sites in the Rio de la Plata estuary. Thirteen biological, physical, and chemical parameters were determined on the water samples. The presence of microcystin-LR in the reservoir samples, and also in domestic water samples, was confirmed and quantified. Microcystin-LR concentration ranged between 0.02 and 8.6 μg.L−1. Principal components analysis was used to identify the factors promoting cyanobacteria growth. The proliferation of cyanobacteria was accompanied by the presence of high total and fecal coliforms bacteria (>1500 MNP/100 mL), temperature ≥25∘C, and total phosphorus content ≥1.24 mg·L−1. The observed fluctuating patterns ofMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and Microcystin-LR were also described by probabilistic models based on the log-normal and extreme value distributions. The sampling sites were compared in terms of the distribution parameters and the probability of observing high concentrations forMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and microcystin-LR concentration.

A study on enhancing physical cleaning effectiveness in microfiltration membrane system

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 3596-3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Oh ◽  
J.Y. Eom ◽  
S.H. Kang ◽  
B.G. Lee ◽  
H.C. Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane

Fabrication of BPPO Isoporous Membranes for Water Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1118 ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Hai Lin Cong ◽  
Qiao Hong Peng ◽  
Yong Li Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Separation Systems ◽  
Phenylene Oxide ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Size Based Separation

A isoporous brominated poly (phenylene oxide) (BPPO) microfiltration membrane system, fabricated by figure breath method, was demonstrated for the effective removal of impurity from contaminated water. The water permeation flux of BPPO membrane is higher. Such ordered isoporous membranes can also be applied in other size-based separation systems, enabling new opportunities in bioseparation and biosensors.

scholarly journals Performance of a small solar-powered hybrid membrane system for remote communities under varying feedwater salinities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Schäfer ◽  
C. Remy ◽  
B.S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solar Powered

An estimated 1 billion people are living both without access to clean drinking water or electricity. The small photovoltaic (PV)-powered hybrid membrane system described here is designed to address the plight of some of these people. PV and membrane technologies are chosen due to suitability for operation in remote and often harsh conditions. An ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is included to remove bacteria and most pathogens, while a reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane desalinates the brackish feedwater. Several parameters were examined in order to optimise the system performance, including (i) feed salt concentration, (ii) operating pressure, (iii) system recovery, (iv) specific energy consumption (SEC, kWh/m3), and (v) salt retention. In addition, experiments were performed over a whole day to determine system performance under varying levels of solar radiation. The minimum SEC (relatively high due to the current single-pass mode of operation) varies from 5.5 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 1 g/L salt to 26 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 7.5 g/L salt, which is the upper limit of the system in terms of salt concentration.

scholarly journals Impact of treated sewage water on nutrient status of alfisols and vegetable crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12255
Author(s):  
Shamsul HAQ ◽  
Ram BHAROSE ◽  
Rouf A. BHAT ◽  
Munir OZTURK ◽  
Volkan ALTAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to determine the impact on the nutrient status of soil and vegetable crops irrigated with the treated sewage water. Three samples of water and five samples of soil and five commonly grown vegetables viz. radish, carrot, spinach, cauliflower, and potato were collected from Ganjia, Arail and Dandi located in Naini, Allahabad (India). The water samples were analysed for pH, EC, and heavy metals (Pb2+, Cr3+, Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentration. Water samples from all the sites were alkaline with EC below the safe limits. The soil and plant samples from all the three sites showed that Gangia recorded the highest value of EC (dS m-1), organic carbon (OC) (%), available NPK (kg ha-1), and micronutrients concentration (Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+) (mg kg-1) whereas, the lowest concentration was recorded at Dandi followed by Arail. The soil samples collected from all three sites were alkaline. The nutrient status (N, P and K) showed the highest value in potato in the three sites, whereas manganese and zinc showed the highest value in spinach and iron in carrot.  The study concludes that treated sewage water used for irrigation has a positive impact on nutrient status in soils and as well as in vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Analysis of Domestic Water Sources from Hand Dug Wells In Gwallameji, Bauchi State

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo I Ndububa ◽  
Abubakar U Ardo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Dug Wells

Lack of access to safe and adequate domestic water supplies contributes to poverty levels through the economic costs of poor health and the high proportion of household expenditure on safe water supplies. Gwallameji, a community on the outskirts of Bauchi town has no access to municipal water supply from Bauchi town, groundwater water, mainly hand dug wells are used as domestic water sources. The quality of water available from these hand dug wells  in the community were determined by the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water samples collected from domestic water points in the community. The results from the water samples were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) Standards for Drinking Water. High levels of Nitrate and Chromium above recommended levels from the standard were found in all water samples. Concentrations of Calcium highest value of 213mg/l and Magnesium a highest value of 22.02 mg/l at levels higher than recommended levels for drinking water were also obtained in all samples. It was recommended that restrictions on farming activities with use of fertilizers and location of latrines around domestic water sources should be enforced. Hand dug wells should be at a distance of at least 30m from soak away pits and pit latrines. Well lining and cover should be provided for all hand dug wells to reduce contamination of water from these sources. Increased and continued environmental interventions through public health education by community based health workers, awareness and sensitization campaigns should be carried out for improved household and community sanitation in the area.

scholarly journals Quantitative Distribution of Infectious F-Specific RNA Phage Genotypes in Surface Waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (14) ◽  
pp. 4244-4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Hata ◽  
Seiya Hanamoto ◽  
Yuya Shirasaka ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Surface Water Samples

ABSTRACTF-specific RNA phages (FRNAPHs) are considered potential viral indicators of water pollution due to their occurrence and stability in water environments. However, their suitability as viral indicators is not fully elucidated because the characteristics of FRNAPHs are variable depending on the genotype. In this study, for the characterization of infectious FRNAPH genotypes, integrated culture reverse transcription-PCR coupled with the most probable number approach was applied to surface water samples. Further, to recover low concentrations of FRNAPH genotypes, an FRNAPH recovery method was developed. The novel FRNAPH recovery method using a noncharged microfiltration membrane could effectively recover FRNAPH strains without inactivation, while a method using an electronegative microfiltration membrane resulted in the inactivation of some strains. Infectious FRNAPH genotypes in surface water samples were successfully quantified with an efficiency comparable to that of the conventional plaque assay. Genotype I (GI) and GII FRNAPHs tended to be predominant at locations impacted by treated and untreated municipal wastewater, respectively. The numbers and proportions of infectious FRNAPHs tended to be higher during the winter season when water temperature decreased.IMPORTANCEProperties of FRNAPHs are highly variable depending on their genotypes. Previous typing methods for FRNAPHs are not quantitative and/or are based on molecular assays, which cannot differentiate infective strains from inactive strains. Due to the reasons mentioned above, the utility of FRNAPHs as viral indicators of water pollution has not been fully validated. In this study, a quantitative genotyping method for infectious FRNAPHs was developed and applied to surface water samples. The method enabled characterization of infectious FRNAPH genotypes in terms of their occurrence and seasonality. Moreover, comparison of the method to a conventional molecular assay (reverse transcription-quantitative PCR) enabled characterization of their stability. Our approach can provide novel findings for further validation of FRNAPHs as viral indicators of water pollution.

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