BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SEROGROUPS, AND VIRULENCE FACTORS OF AEROMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CASES OF DIARRHOEA AND DOMESTIC WATER SAMPLES IN CHENNAI

Aeromonas spp. is one of the major pathogens of freshwater animals. There has been little research on the genetics of antimicrobial resistance associated with it in Iranian aquaculture. To remedy this lack in research, 74 multi-drug-resistant Aeromonas spp. were isolated from farmed diseased carp, trout, sturgeon, ornamental fish, crayfish, and corresponding water samples and examined for genomic integron sequences. Class 1 integrons, containing seven types of integron cassette arrays (dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA1-orfC, dfrA12-aadA2, dfrA12-orfF-aadA2, dfrA15, dfrB4-catB3-aadA1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr-arr3-dfrA27) were found in 15% of the resistant isolates; no class 2 integrons were detected in any of the resistant isolates. As some tested isolates were resistant to more than two groups of antibiotics, our results demonstrated that freshwater animals in Iran could be a source of multiply drug-resistant Aeromonas spp. This finding suggests that the origin of the antimicrobial resistance of these animals be placed under increased surveillance in the future and that the use of antimicrobials be limited in aquaculture.

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Occurrence of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Rio de la Plata Estuary, Argentina: Field Study and Data Analysis

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2012/373618 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L. Giannuzzi ◽

G. Carvajal ◽

M. G. Corradini ◽

C. Araujo Andrade ◽

R. Echenique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽

Water Samples ◽

Probabilistic Models ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Rio De La Plata ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Río De La Plata ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

La Plata

Water samples were collected during 3 years (2004–2007) at three sampling sites in the Rio de la Plata estuary. Thirteen biological, physical, and chemical parameters were determined on the water samples. The presence of microcystin-LR in the reservoir samples, and also in domestic water samples, was confirmed and quantified. Microcystin-LR concentration ranged between 0.02 and 8.6 μg.L−1. Principal components analysis was used to identify the factors promoting cyanobacteria growth. The proliferation of cyanobacteria was accompanied by the presence of high total and fecal coliforms bacteria (>1500 MNP/100 mL), temperature ≥25∘C, and total phosphorus content ≥1.24 mg·L−1. The observed fluctuating patterns ofMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and Microcystin-LR were also described by probabilistic models based on the log-normal and extreme value distributions. The sampling sites were compared in terms of the distribution parameters and the probability of observing high concentrations forMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and microcystin-LR concentration.

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Multilayered surface for the interactive separation of perchlorate from aqueous medium

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en19049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 587 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. S. Shalumon ◽

Charuvila T. Aravindakumar ◽

Usha K. Aravind

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Membrane System ◽

Feed Concentration ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Microfiltration Membrane ◽

Contaminate Drinking Water ◽

Complete Rejection ◽

Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽

Competing Ions

Environmental contextPerchlorate from rocket fuel plants or firework manufacturing units can seriously contaminate drinking water. We developed a separation skin on a microfiltration membrane and on sand that can remove perchlorate from water in the presence of competing ions. This method is suitable for a domestic water purification unit selective for perchlorate removal. AbstractThis study reports an interactive separation of perchlorate (ClO4−) by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) deposited on a microfiltration membrane and on sand surfaces. The variation of the interaction with respect to deposition and feed variables was assessed. The 9 bilayered ((PEI/PSS) 0.15M NaCl, pH 6)) membranes showed a ClO4− rejection of ~80%. An increase in the feed concentration to 25mgL−1 reduced the rejection to 58%. With a feed pH from 4 to 10, the rejection varied between almost 100% and 16%. The presence of ions reduced the rejection percentage of ClO4− with the interference by the ions in the order of SO42−>HCO3−>NO3−>Cl−. The interference is attributed to the characteristics of the competing ions and the nature of the multilayers. A positive impact of post-treatment (98%) and capping layers on rejection percentage (80% to nearly complete) for synthetic and ClO4− contaminated field water samples is clearly established. The presence of competing ions is also accounted for by a capped membrane system. The selectivity of the competing ions increases with capping layers of 1M NaCl in the order of HCO3−>NO3−>SO42−. In the field water samples up to a SO42− concentration of 3.0mgL−1, the capping layers with 0.4M NaCl result in a near complete rejection of ClO4−, whereas further enhancement requires a capping layer of 1M NaCl. A sand filtration system was developed by incorporating the pre-optimised polyelectrolyte multilayer on sand. Deposition of a single bilayered PEI/PSS multilayer on sand effectively (nearly completely) removes ClO4−.

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CORYNEBACTERIUM RENALE CYSTITIS IN COW - CASE REPORT -

Archives of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.46784/e-avm.v8i1.107 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

Dubravka Milanov ◽

Maja Velhner ◽

Ljiljana Suvajdžić ◽

Jovan Bojkovski

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Biochemical Characteristics

Corynebacterium renale is a common inhabitant of the the vulva, vagina and prepuce of apparently normal cattle, but also an opportunistic pathogen and the cause of cystitis and purulent pyelonephritis in cows. In this paper, we show the isolation of C. renale from the urine of cows with clinical cystitis, colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, relevant data on virulence factors, clinical manifestations of diseaseand basic principles of therapy.

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Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea

10.21203/rs.2.22466/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Zhu ◽

Weiwei Wang ◽

Mingze Cao ◽

Guanhui Liu ◽

Xuzheng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Limited Information ◽

Local Strains ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Natural Hosts

Abstract Background The natural hosts of Shigella are conventionally humans and other primates; however, the host range of Shigella has been shown to expand to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a huge threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea. Results Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, set1B and stx were 100%, 100%, 77.78%, 79.63%, 48.15%, 48.15% and 0, respectively. MLVA based on 8 VNTR loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MTs, PFGE based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PTs, and MLST based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 STs. Conclusion Our findings of this study have enriched our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from diarrheal calves, which will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding Shigellosis.

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Groundwater Quality Analysis of Domestic Water Sources from Hand Dug Wells In Gwallameji, Bauchi State

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.46792/fuoyejet.v2i1.110 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olufunmilayo I Ndububa ◽

Abubakar U Ardo

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Health Workers ◽

Water Sources ◽

World Health ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Environmental Interventions ◽

Dug Wells

Lack of access to safe and adequate domestic water supplies contributes to poverty levels through the economic costs of poor health and the high proportion of household expenditure on safe water supplies. Gwallameji, a community on the outskirts of Bauchi town has no access to municipal water supply from Bauchi town, groundwater water, mainly hand dug wells are used as domestic water sources. The quality of water available from these hand dug wells in the community were determined by the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water samples collected from domestic water points in the community. The results from the water samples were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) Standards for Drinking Water. High levels of Nitrate and Chromium above recommended levels from the standard were found in all water samples. Concentrations of Calcium highest value of 213mg/l and Magnesium a highest value of 22.02 mg/l at levels higher than recommended levels for drinking water were also obtained in all samples. It was recommended that restrictions on farming activities with use of fertilizers and location of latrines around domestic water sources should be enforced. Hand dug wells should be at a distance of at least 30m from soak away pits and pit latrines. Well lining and cover should be provided for all hand dug wells to reduce contamination of water from these sources. Increased and continued environmental interventions through public health education by community based health workers, awareness and sensitization campaigns should be carried out for improved household and community sanitation in the area.

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An in-house multiplex pcr method to detect of putative virulence factors in Aeromonas species

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1590/s1517-83822011000400011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 1314-1320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ma. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola ◽

Alma Aidee Carmona Martínez ◽

Graciela Castro-Escarpulli

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Aeromonas Species ◽

Pcr Method

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Suitability of the H2S method for testing untreated and chlorinated water supplies

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0354 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Nair ◽

R. Gibbs ◽

K. Mathew ◽

G. E. Ho

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

False Negative ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Good Test ◽

Treated Drinking Water ◽

Positive Results

Rainwater, borewater and catchment water are used for domestic water supply purposes with or without treatment in remote areas around the world. These places seldom have any facilities for routine testing of their drinking water. A simple on-site testing method is highly required in such areas. The H2S method has been tested for treated drinking water and was found to have a good correlation with the standard methods. The present study was aimed at assessing the suitability of the H2S method for testing different sources of drinking water. Since these types of water may contain H2S producing bacteria not of faecal origin the occurrence of false results in this method cannot be overruled. Therefore it was worthwhile to study whether the positive results are true positive results and what percentage of false positive and false negative results could be expected while using this test for routine analysis of water samples. Results were compared with the results using standard procedures for testing total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The present experiment analysed 121 rainwater samples, 17 borewater samples, 41 catchment water samples and 74 remote Aboriginal community water samples. Rainwater, borewater and catchment water samples gave true results of 78.5%, 82.3% and 80.5% respectively while the treated and untreated community samples gave true results of 93.7 and 84.6% respectively. It was concluded that in the developing countries where the acceptable level of total coliform is <10 MPN, the H2S method would be a good test to identify microbial contamination. In other regions, the H2S method could be used as a screening test for drinking water supplies.

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Community-acquired Legionnaires' Disease in Nottingham – too many cases?

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803001420 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 1097-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W. S. LIM ◽

R. SLACK ◽

A. GOODWIN ◽

J. ROBINSON ◽

J. V. LEE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Cooling Tower ◽

Water Systems ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Domestic Water ◽

England And Wales ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Legionnaires Disease ◽

The Mean ◽

Surveillance Scheme

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of community-acquired Legionnaires' Disease in Nottingham with England and Wales and to explore reasons for any difference observed. Based on data from the National Surveillance Scheme for Legionnaires' Disease (1980–1999), the rate of infection in England and Wales was 1·3 per million/year compared with 6·6 per million/year in Nottingham. Domestic water samples were obtained from 41 (95%) of 43 Nottingham cases between 1997 and 2000. In 16 (39%) cases, Legionella sp. were cultured in significant quantities. Proximity to a cooling tower was examined using a 1[ratio ]4 case-controlled analysis. No significant difference in the mean distance between place of residence to the nearest cooling tower was noted (cases 2·7 km vs. controls 2·3 km; P=0·5). These data suggest that Nottingham does have a higher rate of legionella infection compared to national figures and that home water systems are a source.

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Distribution of Virulence Factors and Molecular Fingerprinting of Aeromonas Species Isolates from Water and Clinical Samples: Suggestive Evidence of Water-to-Human Transmission

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02535-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 2313-2325 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Bijay K. Khajanchi ◽

Amin A. Fadl ◽

Mark A. Borchardt ◽

Richard L. Berg ◽

Amy J. Horneman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

The United States ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Pulse Field ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Aeromonas Species ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Molecular Fingerprinting ◽

Suggestive Evidence

ABSTRACT A total of 227 isolates of Aeromonas obtained from different geographical locations in the United States and different parts of the world, including 28 reference strains, were analyzed to determine the presence of various virulence factors. These isolates were also fingerprinted using biochemical identification and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Of these 227 isolates, 199 that were collected from water and clinical samples belonged to three major groups or complexes, namely, the A. hydrophila group, the A. caviae-A. media group, and the A. veronii-A. sobria group, based on biochemical profiles, and they had various pulsotypes. When virulence factor activities were examined, Aeromonas isolates obtained from clinical sources had higher cytotoxic activities than isolates obtained from water sources for all three Aeromonas species groups. Likewise, the production of quorum-sensing signaling molecules, such as N-acyl homoserine lactone, was greater in clinical isolates than in isolates from water for the A. caviae-A. media and A. hydrophila groups. Based on colony blot DNA hybridization, the heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin gene and the DNA adenosine methyltransferase gene were more prevalent in clinical isolates than in water isolates for all three Aeromonas groups. Using colony blot DNA hybridization and PFGE, we obtained three sets of water and clinical isolates that had the same virulence signature and had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. In addition, all of these isolates belonged to the A. caviae-A. media group. The findings of the present study provide the first suggestive evidence of successful colonization and infection by particular strains of certain Aeromonas species after transmission from water to humans.

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