The transcript abundance of an expansin gene in ripe sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) fruit is negatively regulated by ethylene

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutin Kunyamee ◽  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Wachiraya Imsabai ◽  
Wouter G. van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Wall Loosening

After harvest, mature fruit of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) exhibit rapid softening. The decrease in fruit firmness was hastened by ethylene and delayed by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Two genes encoding expansins (called MzEXP1 and MzEXP2) were isolated. In both cultivars studied (Makok-Yai and Kra-Suay), MzEXP1 was transiently expressed early during fruit development on the plant. This suggests that it is involved in cell wall loosening during early fruit growth. In cv. Makok-Yai, MzEXP2 was expressed between 1 day before harvest and day 4 after harvest. In cv. Kra-Suay, the expression of MzEXP2 started 8 weeks before the normal harvest stage, and ended on day 3 after harvest. When the fruit of both cultivars was treated with ethylene (50 µL L−1 for 20 h at 25°C) just after harvest, the expression of MzEXP2 became undetectable. After treatment with 1-MCP MzEXP2 mRNA was highly abundant until day 5 after harvest, when in controls the transcript abundance had become undetectable. The onset of MzEXP2 expression seems not regulated by ethylene, as the concomitant ethylene levels are very low. The data strongly indicate that the decrease of MzEXP2 transcript abundance is due to ethylene production by the fruit, which is by then high. The expression of MzEXP2 ceased, both in controls and in ethylene-treated material, when the fruit had reached a rather low threshold firmness. The data suggest that the protein has a supporting and cooperative role in fruit softening.

A proposed role for copper ions in cell wall loosening

2002 ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Fry ◽  
Janice G. Miller ◽  
Jo C. Dumville
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Wall Loosening

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of the Expansin Gene Family and Its Potential Association with Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9491
Author(s):  
Kang-Ming Jin ◽  
Ren-Ying Zhuo ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
Yu-Jun Wang ◽  
Hui-Jin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Expansin Gene ◽  
Wall Loosening

Expansins, a group of cell wall-loosening proteins, are involved in cell-wall loosening and cell enlargement in a pH-dependent manner. According to previous study, they were involved in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. However, information on the biological function of the expansin gene in moso bamboo is still limited. In this study, we identified a total of 82 expansin genes in moso bamboo, clustered into four subfamilies (α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA) and expansin-like B (EXPB)). Subsequently, the molecular structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of the expansin genes of Phyllostachys edulis (PeEXs) were further characterized. A total of 14 pairs of tandem duplication genes and 31 pairs of segmented duplication genes were also identified, which may promote the expansion of the expansin gene family. Promoter analysis found many cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response, especially abscisic acid response element (ABRE). Expression pattern revealed that most PeEXs have tissue expression specificity. Meanwhile, the expression of some selected PeEXs was significantly upregulated mostly under abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, which implied that these genes actively respond to expression under abiotic stress. This study provided new insights into the structure, evolution and function prediction of the expansin gene family in moso bamboo.

Phloem fibres as motors of gravitropic behaviour of flax plants: level of transcriptome

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorshkov ◽  
Natalia Mokshina ◽  
Nadezda Ibragimova ◽  
Marina Ageeva ◽  
Natalia Gogoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Genes Encoding

Restoration of stem vertical position after plant inclination is a widely spread version of plant orientation in accordance with gravity vector direction. Gravitropic behaviour of flax plants involves the formation of curvature in stem region that has ceased elongation long in advance of stem inclination. The important participants of such behaviour are phloem fibres with constitutively formed tertiary cell wall (G-layer). We performed the large-scale transcriptome profiling of phloem fibres isolated from pulling and opposite sides of gravitropic curvature and compared with control plant fibres. Significant changes in transcript abundance take place for genes encoding proteins of several ion channels, transcription factors and other regulating elements. The largest number of upregulated genes belonged to the cell wall category; many of those were specifically upregulated in fibres of pulling stem side. The obtained data permit to suggest the mechanism of fibre participation in gravitropic reaction that involves the increase of turgor pressure and the rearrangements of cell wall structure in order to improve contractile properties, and to identify the regulatory elements that operate specifically in the fibres of the pulling stem side making gelatinous phloem fibres an important element of gravitropic response in herbaceous plants.

scholarly journals Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mayorga-Gómez ◽  
Savithri Nambeesan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Wall Loosening

Abstract Background Expansins (EXP) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of C. annuum α- EXPANSINS (CaEXPA) genes were characterized. Additionally, fruit-specific CaEXPA expression was correlated with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. Results Spatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXP6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, a ripening specific EXP transcript, CaEXPA9 was identified, suggesting its role in cell wall disassembly during ripening.Conclusion This is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. Identification of a fruit-specific EXPAs suggest their importance in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and functional characterization of strawberry pectin methylesterases related to fruit softening

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xue ◽  
Si-Cong Guan ◽  
Jian-Qing Chen ◽  
Chen-Jin Wen ◽  
Jian-Fa Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cell Wall Modification

Abstract Background Pectin methylesterase (PME) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the demethylesterification of homogalacturonans and controls pectin reconstruction, being essential in regulation of cell wall modification. During fruit ripening stage, PME-mediated cell wall remodeling is an important process to determine fruit firmness and softening. Strawberry fruit is a soft fruit with a short postharvest life, due to a rapid loss of firm texture. Hence, preharvest improvement of strawberry fruit rigidity is a prerequisite for extension of fruit refreshing time. Although PME has been well characterized in model plants, knowledge regarding the functionality and evolutionary property of PME gene family in strawberry remain limited. Results A total of 54 PME genes (FvPMEs) were identified in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca ‘Hawaii 4’). Phylogeny and gene structure analysis divided these FvPME genes into four groups (Group 1–4). Duplicate events analysis suggested that tandem and dispersed duplications effectively contributed to the expansion of the PME family in strawberry. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified FvPME38 and FvPME39 as the most abundant-expressed PMEs at fruit ripening stages, and they were positively regulated by abscisic acid. Genetic manipulation of FvPME38 and FvPME39 by overexpression and RNAi-silencing significantly influences the fruit firmness, pectin content and cell wall structure, indicating a requirement of PME for strawberry fruit softening. Conclusion Our study globally analyzed strawberry pectin methylesterases by the approaches of phylogenetics, evolutionary prediction and genetic analysis. We verified the essential role of FvPME38 and FvPME39 in regulation of strawberry fruit softening process, which provided a guide for improving strawberry fruit firmness by modifying PME level.

scholarly journals Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savithri Nambeesan ◽  
Andrés Mayorga-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Wall Loosening

Abstract BackgroundExpansins (EXP) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, we characterized the spatial and temporal expression pattern of C. annuum α- EXPANSINS (CaEXPA) genes. Additionally, we correlated fruit-specific CaEXPA expression with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. ResultsSpatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXP6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, we also identified high transcript abundance of CaEXPA9 during ripening.ConclusionThis is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. We identified a fruit-specific EXPA that may be important in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.

scholarly journals Xyloglucan Antibodies Inhibit Auxin-Induced Elongation and Cell Wall Loosening of Azuki Bean Epicotyls but Not of Oat Coleoptiles

1991 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Hoson ◽  
Yoshio Masuda ◽  
Yoshiaki Sone ◽  
Akira Misaki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Cell Wall Loosening ◽  
Wall Loosening
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