Phloem fibres as motors of gravitropic behaviour of flax plants: level of transcriptome

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorshkov ◽  
Natalia Mokshina ◽  
Nadezda Ibragimova ◽  
Marina Ageeva ◽  
Natalia Gogoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Genes Encoding

Restoration of stem vertical position after plant inclination is a widely spread version of plant orientation in accordance with gravity vector direction. Gravitropic behaviour of flax plants involves the formation of curvature in stem region that has ceased elongation long in advance of stem inclination. The important participants of such behaviour are phloem fibres with constitutively formed tertiary cell wall (G-layer). We performed the large-scale transcriptome profiling of phloem fibres isolated from pulling and opposite sides of gravitropic curvature and compared with control plant fibres. Significant changes in transcript abundance take place for genes encoding proteins of several ion channels, transcription factors and other regulating elements. The largest number of upregulated genes belonged to the cell wall category; many of those were specifically upregulated in fibres of pulling stem side. The obtained data permit to suggest the mechanism of fibre participation in gravitropic reaction that involves the increase of turgor pressure and the rearrangements of cell wall structure in order to improve contractile properties, and to identify the regulatory elements that operate specifically in the fibres of the pulling stem side making gelatinous phloem fibres an important element of gravitropic response in herbaceous plants.

Recent Developments in the Downstream Processing of Phycobiliproteins from Algae: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayekpam Chandralekha Devi ◽  
G. K. Hamsavi ◽  
Simran Sahota ◽  
Rochak Mittal ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract: Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae. In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass. However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies (that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the present research area.

scholarly journals A Metzincin and TIMP-Like Protein Pair of a Phage Origin Sensitize Listeria monocytogenes to Phage Lysins and Other Cell Wall Targeting Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Etai Boichis ◽  
Nadejda Sigal ◽  
Ilya Borovok ◽  
Anat A. Herskovits
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Protein Pair ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Virion Release ◽  
Genes Encoding

Infection of mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was shown to be facilitated by its phage elements. In a search for additional phage remnants that play a role in Lm’s lifecycle, we identified a conserved locus containing two XRE regulators and a pair of genes encoding a secreted metzincin protease and a lipoprotein structurally similar to a TIMP-family metzincin inhibitor. We found that the XRE regulators act as a classic CI/Cro regulatory switch that regulates the expression of the metzincin and TIMP-like genes under intracellular growth conditions. We established that when these genes are expressed, their products alter Lm morphology and increase its sensitivity to phage mediated lysis, thereby enhancing virion release. Expression of these proteins also sensitized the bacteria to cell wall targeting compounds, implying that they modulate the cell wall structure. Our data indicate that these effects are mediated by the cleavage of the TIMP-like protein by the metzincin, and its subsequent release to the extracellular milieu. While the importance of this locus to Lm pathogenicity remains unclear, the observation that this phage-associated protein pair act upon the bacterial cell wall may hold promise in the field of antibiotic potentiation to combat antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals The Transcription Factor Con7-1 Is a Master Regulator of Morphogenesis and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ruiz-Roldán ◽  
Yolanda Pareja-Jaime ◽  
José Antonio González-Reyes ◽  
M. Isabel G. Roncero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Genes Encoding

Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of morphogenetic regulation in Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis, including processes such as cell-wall biogenesis, cell division, and differentiation of infection-like structures. We identified three F. oxysporum genes encoding predicted transcription factors showing significant identities to Magnaporthe oryzae Con7p, Con7-1, plus two identical copies of Con7-2. Targeted deletion of con7-1 produced nonpathogenic mutants with altered morphogenesis, including defects in cell wall structure, polar growth, hyphal branching, and conidiation. By contrast, simultaneous inactivation of both con7-2 copies caused no detectable defects in the resulting mutants. Comparative microarray-based gene expression analysis indicated that Con7-1 modulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in different biological functions, including host–pathogen interactions, morphogenesis and development, signal perception and transduction, transcriptional regulation, and primary and secondary metabolism. Taken together, our results point to Con7-1 as general regulator of morphogenesis and virulence in F. oxysporum.

scholarly journals Catalysts of plant cell wall loosening

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Wall Loosening

The growing cell wall in plants has conflicting requirements to be strong enough to withstand the high tensile forces generated by cell turgor pressure while selectively yielding to those forces to induce wall stress relaxation, leading to water uptake and polymer movements underlying cell wall expansion. In this article, I review emerging concepts of plant primary cell wall structure, the nature of wall extensibility and the action of expansins, family-9 and -12 endoglucanases, family-16 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and pectin methylesterases, and offer a critical assessment of their wall-loosening activity

scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptomic Resources in the Brain of Vespa velutina for Invasion Control

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Miao Wang ◽  
Hanyu Li ◽  
Huoqing Zheng ◽  
Liuwei Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Genes Encoding

The invasion of Vespa velutina presents a great threat to the agriculture economy, the ecological environment, and human health. An effective strategy for this hornet control is urgently required, but the limited genome information of Vespa velutina restricts the application of molecular-genomic tools for targeted hornet management. Therefore, we conducted large-scale transcriptome profiling of the hornet brain to obtain functional target genes and molecular markers. Using an Illumina HiSeq platform, more than 41 million clean reads were obtained and de novo assembled into 182,087 meaningful unigenes. A total of 56,400 unigenes were annotated against publicly available protein sequence databases and a set of reliable Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) markers were developed. The homologous genes encoding crucial behavior regulation factors, odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and vitellogenin, were also identified from highly expressed transcripts. This study provides abundant molecular targets and markers for invasive hornet control and further promotes the genetic and molecular study of Vespa velutina.

scholarly journals Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Linlong Ma ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Ziming Gong ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Wall Formation

Abstract Background C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response. Conclusion This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.

scholarly journals A Survey on Cell wall Proteins of C. Sinensis Leaf by Combining Cell Wall Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanli liu ◽  
Linlong Ma ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Ziming Gong ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Proteome

Abstract Background: Camellia sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in the leaves, which pose a serious threaten to human health due to its leave being used for making tea. Recently, our study found that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, CWPs identification and characterization were lacking up to now in C. sinensis. Herein, we aimed at characterizing cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves, to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome were employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material, afterwards all proteins were subjected to qualitative analysis via UPLC-MS/MS.Results: 501 and 195 CWPs were identified by cell wall proteomic and N-glycoproteomics profiling, respectively, with 118 CWPs being in common. Notably, N-glycoproteome is a feasible method for CWPs identification and consequently enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional group with most of them possibly being involved in the remodeling of cell wall structure. The second abundant group encompass mainly various proteases, being considered to be related to CWPs turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third abundance with most of them especially Class III peroxidases being known to be implicated in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs emphasized on plant cell wall formation and defense response.Conclusion: This was the first large scale survey of CWPs by cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome in C. sinensis. The results not only provides a database that will aid deep research on CWPs, but also improve the understanding underlying cell wall formation and defense response in this important economic specie.

scholarly journals Chitin in Diatoms and Its Association with the Cell Wall

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen A. Durkin ◽  
Thomas Mock ◽  
E. Virginia Armbrust
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chitin Synthases ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Chitin is a globally abundant polymer widely distributed throughout eukaryotes that has been well characterized in only a few lineages. Diatoms are members of the eukaryotic lineage of stramenopiles. Of the hundreds of diatom genera, two produce long fibers of chitin that extrude through their cell walls of silica. We identify and describe here genes encoding putative chitin synthases in a variety of additional diatom genera, indicating that the ability to produce chitin is more widespread and likely plays a more central role in diatom biology than previously considered. Diatom chitin synthases fall into four phylogenetic clades. Protein domain predictions and differential gene expression patterns provide evidence that chitin synthases have multiple functions within a diatom cell. Thalassiosira pseudonana possesses six genes encoding three types of chitin synthases. Transcript abundance of the gene encoding one of these chitin synthase types increases when cells resume division after short-term silicic acid starvation and during short-term limitation by silicic acid or iron, two nutrient conditions connected in the environment and known to affect the cell wall. During long-term silicic acid starvation transcript abundance of this gene and one additional chitin synthase gene increased at the same time a chitin-binding lectin localized to the girdle band region of the cell wall. Together, these results suggest that the ability to produce chitin is more widespread in diatoms than previously thought and that a subset of the chitin produced by diatoms is associated with the cell wall.

scholarly journals Drought Disrupts Auxin Localization in Abscission Zone and Modifies Cell Wall Structure Leading to Flower Separation in Yellow Lupine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6848
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bogumiła Florkiewicz ◽  
Agata Kućko ◽  
Małgorzata Kapusta ◽  
Sebastian Burchardt ◽  
Tomasz Przywieczerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Yellow Lupine

Drought causes the excessive abscission of flowers in yellow lupine, leading to yield loss and serious economic consequences in agriculture. The structure that determines the time of flower shedding is the abscission zone (AZ). Its functioning depends on the undisturbed auxin movement from the flower to the stem. However, little is known about the mechanism guiding cell–cell adhesion directly in an AZ under water deficit. Therefore, here, we seek a fuller understanding of drought-dependent reactions and check the hypothesis that water limitation in soil disturbs the natural auxin balance within the AZ and, in this way, modifies the cell wall structure, leading to flower separation. Our strategy combined microscopic, biochemical, and chromatography approaches. We show that drought affects indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) distribution and evokes cellular changes, indicating AZ activation and flower abortion. Drought action was manifested by the accumulation of proline in the AZ. Moreover, cell wall-related modifications in response to drought are associated with reorganization of methylated homogalacturonans (HG) in the AZ, and upregulation of pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG)—enzymes responsible for pectin remodeling. Another symptom of stress action is the accumulation of hemicelluloses. Our data provide new insights into cell wall remodeling events during drought-induced flower abscission, which is relevant to control plant production.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of a Fixed Repertoire of Blood Transcriptome Modules Based on Co-expression Patterns Across Immunological States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Altman ◽  
Darawan Rinchai ◽  
Nicole Baldwin ◽  
Mohammed Toufiq ◽  
Elizabeth Whalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Blood Transcriptome

SUMMARYAs the capacity for generating large scale data continues to grow the ability to extract meaningful biological knowledge from it remains a limitation. Here we describe the development of a new fixed repertoire of transcriptional modules. It is meant to serve as a stable reusable framework for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome profiling data. It is supported by customized resources, which include analysis workflows, fingerprint grid plots data visualizations, interactive web applications providing access to a vast number of module-specific functional profiling reports, reference transcriptional profiles and give users the ability to visualize of changes in transcript abundance across the modular repertoire at different granularity levels. A use case focusing on a set of six modules comprising interferon-inducible genes is also provided. Altogether we hope that this resource will also serve as a framework for improving over time our collective understanding of the immunobiology underlying blood transcriptome profiling data.

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