Differences in stomatal responses and root to shoot signalling between two grapevine varieties subjected to drought

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Beis ◽  
Angelos Patakas
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Stomatal Conductance

A comparative study on stomatal control between two grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cvs Sabatiano and Mavrodafni) differing in their ability for drought adaptation was conducted using 3-year-old own-rooted plants. The plants were subjected to prolonged drought stress by withholding irrigation water. The relationship between predawn water potential and maximum stomatal conductance indicated significant differences in stomatal sensitivity to drought between the two varieties. Stomatal closure occurred at higher values of predawn water potential in Sabatiano compared with Mavrodafni. No significant differences were found in plant hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential at full turgor (π100) between the two varieties. Leaf and root ABA concentrations increased more rapidly in Mavrodafni compared with Sabatiano at the beginning of the drought period. Furthermore, Mavrodafni also exhibited significantly higher xylem pH values as well as higher stomatal sensitivity to ABA and pH increase compared with Sabatiano. Results suggest that these two grapevine varieties might have evolved different strategies in order to adapt under drought conditions. In particular, the greater ability for drought adaptation in Sabatiano might be attributed to the more efficient regulation of stomatal closure. In contrast, chemical signalling in Mavrodafni seems to be the main mechanism for drought adaptation.

scholarly journals A continuum of stomatal responses to water deficits among 17 wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Levin ◽  
Larry E. Williams ◽  
Mark A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Stomatal Conductance

Vitis vinifera L. cultivars have been previously classified as isohydric, near-isohydric, anisohydric or isohydrodynamic, depending on the study. To test the hypothesis that V. vinifera cultivars’ stomatal behaviour can be separated into distinct classes, 17 cultivars grown in a replicated field trial were subjected to three irrigation treatments to manipulate vine water status across multiple years. Predawn (ΨPD) and midday (Ψl) leaf water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gs) were measured regularly throughout several seasons. The relationship of gs to Ψl was best modelled as a sigmoidal function and maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), water status at the onset of stomatal closure (Ψl95), sensitivity of closure (gsensitivity) and water status at the end of closure (Ψl25) were compared. There were no significant differences in gmax among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of gs to Ψl were broadly distributed along a continuum based on the relationship between Ψl95 and gsensitivity. Season-long cultivar mean Ψl values were positively related to Ψl25. In general, cultivars responded similarly to one another at high and low water status, but their stomatal behaviour differed at moderate water deficits. The results show that V. vinifera cultivars possess both iso- and anisohydric stomatal behaviours that depend on the intensity of water deficits, and call into question previous classifications assuming a single behaviour.

A review of drought adaptation in crop plants: changes in vegetative and reproductive physiology induced by ABA-based chemical signals

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Christian R. Jensen ◽  
Mathias N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Chemical Signalling

This review discusses the role of abscisic acid (ABA)-based drought stress chemical signalling in regulating crop vegetative and reproductive development and its contributions to crop drought adaptation. Increased concentrations of ABA in the root induced by soil drying may maintain root growth and increase root hydraulic conductivity; both lead to an increase in water uptake and thereby postpone the development of water deficit in the shoot. Root ABA is also transported in the xylem to the shoot and is perceived at the acting sites, where it causes stomatal closure and reduced leaf expansion, thereby preventing dehydration of leaf tissues and enhancing the chance for survival under prolonged drought. ABA-based chemical signalling can be amplified by several factors, particularly increased pH in the xylem/apoplast, which retains anionic ABA. Such an increase in xylem pH detected in field-grown maize might have been brought about by reduced nitrate uptake by plants during soil drying. In contrast, xylem sap alkalinisation was not found in soybeans, which depend on fixing nitrogen through their association with Rhizobium japonicum. Evidence has also shown that the xylem-borne ABA can be transported to plant reproductive structures and influence their development, presumably by regulating gene expression that controls cell division and carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activity under drought conditions. The possible involvement of ABA in the up- and down-regulation of acid invertase in crop source (adult leaves) v. sink (young ovaries) organs indicates a crucial role of the hormone in balancing source and sink relationship in plants according to the availability of water in the soil. A novel irrigation technique named partial root-zone drying (PRD), has been developed to allow exploitation of ABA-based drought stress signalling to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) based on its roles in regulating stomatal aperture and leaf expansion. However, little is known about how crop reproductive development is regulated when irrigated under PRD. We suggest that more attention should be paid to the latter aspect as it directly relates to crop yield and quality.

Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation increase stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit in anisohydric grapevines

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa J. Collins ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Edward W. R. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

The aim of this study was to investigate how alternative irrigation strategies affected grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) stomatal response to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD). In two sites, application of partial rootzone drying (PRD) at 90–100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) increased stomatal sensitivity of Shiraz (Syrah) grapevines to high VPD compared with control vines irrigated with the same amount of water but applied on both sides of the vine. PRD significantly reduced vine water use (ESF) measured as sap flow and in dry conditions increased the depth of water uptake from the soil profile. In both experiments, PRD reduced vine water use by up to 50% at moderate VPD (~3 kPa) compared with control vines irrigated at the same level. In the same vines, the response to PRD applied at 100% ETc and deficit irrigation applied at 65% ETc was the same, increasing stomatal sensitivity to VPD and decreasing sap flow. Hydraulic signalling apparently did not play a role in changing stomatal sensitivity as there was no difference in stem water potentials between any of the treatment (PRD and DI) and control vines. This suggests that a long distance root-based chemical signal such as ABA may be responsible for the changes in stomatal behaviour. Shiraz grapevines have previously been classified as anisohydric-like, but application of PRD and DI increased stomatal closure in response to conditions of high evaporative demand making the vines behave in a more isohydric-like manner.

Stomatal behaviour of irrigated Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah following partial root removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zufferey ◽  
D. R. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour

We examined stomatal behaviour of a grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah) following partial root removal under field conditions during progressively developing water deficits. Partial root removal led to an increase in hydraulic resistances along the soil-to-leaf pathway and leaf wilting symptoms appeared in the root-pruned plants immediately following root removal. Leaves recovered from wilting shortly thereafter, but hydraulic resistances were sustained. In comparison with the non-root pruned vines, leaves of root-pruned vines showed an immediate decrease in both pre-dawn (ψPD) and midday (ψleaf) leaf water potential. The decline in ψPD was unexpected in as much as soil moisture was not altered and it has been shown that axial water transport readily occurs in woody perennials. Only ~30% of the functional root system was removed, thus leaving the system mainly intact for water redistribution. Stem water potential (ψStem) and leaf gas exchanges of CO2 (A) and H2O (E) also declined immediately following root pruning. The lowering of ψPD, ψleaf, ψStem, A and E was sustained during the entire growing season and was not dependent on irrigation during that time. This, and a close relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (Kplant), indicated that the stomatal response was linked to plant hydraulics. Stomatal closure was observed only in the root-restricted plants and at times of very high evaporative demand (VPD). In accordance with the Ball-Berry stomatal control model proposed by Ball et al. (1987), the stomatal sensitivity factor was also lower in the root-restricted plants than in intact plants as soil water availability decreased. Although ψPD, ψStem and ψLeaf changed modestly and gradually following root removal, gs changed dramatically and abruptly following removal. These results suggest the involvement of stomatal restricting signals being propagated following removal of roots.

Regulation of water loss under moisture stress in sunflower genotypes: stomatal sensitivity in relation to stomatal frequency, diffusive resistances and transpiration rate, at different canopy positions

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Prasad ◽  
V. R. Sashidhar ◽  
Malathi Chari ◽  
S. Rama Rao ◽  
R. Devendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity

SUMMARYTranspiration rate, diffusive resistances, canopy conductances and water potentials were determined at three canopy positions in non·stressed and stressed plants of sunflower hybrid BSH·1 and five other cultivars of sunflower under field conditions. The leaf area (LA) and stomatal frequency (f) was determined at the three canopy positions in field·grown plants and the total number of stomata per plant was calculated as the product of LA and f. These variables were then related to the dry·matter accumulation and seed yield in these cultivars. Cultivars with either a high leaf area or high number of stomata per plant were more productive under non-stress conditions. Under stress conditions, cultivars differed in the extent of change in conductance (g) and transpiration rate at different canopy positions. In the hybrid BSH·1, g was low at all levels in the canopy associated with a higher (less negative) water potential and this hybrid had lower transpiration rates at all canopy levels under stress although the number of stomata per plant was high. Stomatal sensitivity associated with a higher threshold water potential for stomatal closure is discussed as a possible explanation for the higher dry·matter accumulation and productivity of hybrid sunflower BSH·1 under moisture stress conditions.

scholarly journals Drought reduced monoterpene emissions from the evergreen Mediterranean oak <i>Quercus ilex</i>: results from a throughfall displacement experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-V. Lavoir ◽  
M. Staudt ◽  
J. P. Schnitzler ◽  
D. Landais ◽  
F. Massol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monoterpene Emission

Abstract. The effects of water limitations on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds are not well understood. Experimental approaches studying drought effects in natural conditions are still missing. To address this question, a throughfall displacement experiment was set up in a natural forest of Quercus ilex, an evergreen Mediterranean oak emitting monoterpenes. Mature trees were exposed in 2005 and 2006 either to an additional drought, to irrigation or to natural drought (untreated control). In both years, absolute monoterpene emission rates as well as the respective standard factors of the trees exposed to normal and additional drought strongly declined during the drought periods. Monoterpene emissions were lower in year 2006 than in year 2005 (factor 2) due to a more pronounced summer drought period in this respective year. We observed a significant difference between the irrigation and additional drought or control treatment: irrigated trees emitted 82% more monoterpenes during the drought period 2006 than the trees of the other treatments. However, no significant effect on monoterpene emission was observed between normal and additional drought treatments, despite a significant effect on leaf water potential and photochemical efficiency. During the development of drought, monoterpene emissions responded exponentially rather than linearly to decreasing leaf water potential. Emissions rapidly declined when the water potential dropped below −2 MPa and photosynthesis was persistently inhibited. Monoterpene synthase activities measured in vitro showed no clear reduction during the same period. From our results we conclude that drought significantly reduces monoterpene fluxes of Mediterranean Holm oak forest into the atmosphere due to a lack of primary substrates coming from photosynthetic processes.

scholarly journals Interactions between leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid content of orange trees submitted to drought stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara de Menezes de Assis Gomes ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa ◽  
Camilo Lázaro Medina ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Marcos Antônio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Thirty-month-old 'Pêra' orange trees grafted on 'Rangpur' lemon trees grown in 100 L pots were submitted to water stress by the suspension of irrigation. CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g s) values declined from the seventh day of stress, although the leaf water potential at 6:00 a.m. (psipd) and at 2:00 p.m. (psi2) began to decline from the fifth day of water deficiency. The CO2 intercellular concentration (Ci) of water-stressed plants increased from the seventh day, reaching a maximum concentration on the day of most severe stress. The carboxylation efficiency, as revealed by the ratio A/Ci was low on this day and did not show the same values of non-stressed plants even after ten days of rewatering. After five days of rewatering only psi pd and psi2 were similar to control plants while A, E and g s were still different. When psi2 decreases, there was a trend for increasing abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the leaves. Similarly, stomatal conductance was found to decrease as a function of decreasing psi2. ABA accumulation and stomatal closure occurred when psi2 was lower than -1.0 MPa. Water stress in 'Pera´ orange trees increased abscisic acid content with consequent stomatal closure and decreased psi2 values.

Carbon balance in relation to drying in four epiphytic mosses growing in different vertical ranges

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (19) ◽  
pp. 1994-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Tobiessen ◽  
Nancy G. Slack ◽  
Keith A. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neckera Pennata ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

The response of photosynthesis and respiration to drying was measured in four species of epiphytic mosses, Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid., Neckera pennata Hedw., Anomodon rugellii (C. Mull.) Keissl., and Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop., from habitats along a desiccation gradient. There was little difference among the mosses in these responses. The relationship of water content to water potential did differ among the mosses, with Plagiomnium, the facultative epiphyte, showing a typical response of more mesic species and the other three showing a more xeric response, i.e., water potential does not begin to fall steeply until a lower water content is reached in Ulota, Neckera, and Anomodon. Both photosynthesis and respiration in all four moss species were quite sensitive to moderate water stress.

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