Root, shoot and leaf traits of the congeneric Styrax species may explain their distribution patterns in the cerrado sensu lato areas in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Habermann ◽  
Anna C. G. Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Forest Habitats

Shoot and root lengths, the number of leaves, biomass and leaf area were measured in Styrax ferrugineus Nees and Mart., Styrax camporum Pohl. and Styrax pohlii A. DC cultivated in rhizotrons. Additionally, young individuals of these species were planted in a cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.), at the edge and in the understorey of a cerradão, and in the understorey of a riparian forest. Six months after planting, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the CO2 assimilation rate were assessed on an area (Aarea) and mass (Amass) basis. S. ferrugineus exhibited greater root and lower shoot length in comparison to S. pohlii. The high shoot growth and concomitantly substantial root length of S. camporum may illustrate why this species is widely distributed in the cerrado sensu lato areas, whereas the deep roots of S. ferrugineus could account for its occurrence in the cerrado s. str. In the field, an irradiance-diminishing gradient enlarged the SLA of S. pohlii, which positively influenced its Amass, and which could partially explain its occurrence in shady habitats. However, a non-plastic trait, such as the high shoot length of S. pohlii, is more likely to be responsible for the success of this species in forest habitats.

scholarly journals Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
M.Z. Iqbal ◽  
M. Shafiq ◽  
Z.R. Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of <I>Thespesia populnea</I> L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of <I>T</I>. <I>populnea</I> by reducing significantly (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of <I>T</I>.<I> populnea,</I> while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in <I>T</I>.<I> populnea</I> seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma rays on germination and growth in Jatropha curcas L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileswar Nayak ◽  
N. S. Patil ◽  
L. K. Behera ◽  
D. B. Jadeja
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter

The present investigation was carried out at the Forestry Research Farm, Navsari Agricultural University; Navsari to evaluate the gamma rays at 10 kR, 20 kR and 30 kR induced variability in Jatropha curcas L. on germination, growth and yield for seven Jatropha genotypes (Phule J-1, Urlikanchan, Hansraj, SKN Big, Chhatrapati, Hansot and MPJ-55). The significantly maximum germination percentage (66.96%), seedling survival (74.18%), seedling collar diameter (0.958cm), shoot length (49.442cm), number of leaves per seedling (7.757) and leaf area (37. 58)was observed in Chhatrapati genotype during nursery stage. While low rate of gamma rays treatment (10 kR) had stimulatory effect for germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length, number of leaves per seedling and leaf area. However, higher gamma rays doses (30 kR) drastically reduced all studied characters. The interaction effect of genotype and gamma rays were significant for number of leaves per seedling. Further, it was not significant in other traits like germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length and leaf area.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SPRAYING MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PEACH TREES

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Irrigation Levels

To study the effect of rationalizing irrigation and mepiquat chloride foliar application on growth, productivity and fruit quality of Florida Brines peach trees grafted on Nimagard root stock and grown in sandy soil at a private orchard in El- Tahadi road, EL-Behara Governorate, Egypt. A trial in a split plot design has carried out through two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. Three drip irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60 % of ETc) were in the main plot and mepiquat chloride foliar application by three levels (without, 150 and 300 ppm) in sub plot and all trees had fertilized by recommended doses. Results indicated that shoot length (cm) and number of leaves/ shoot was not significantly affect by the three irrigation levels in both seasons. Reducing irrigation increased acidity of peach fruits and led to a significant reduction on leaf area (cm)2, total chlorophyll contents, yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, seed weight, TSS and total sugars but no significant difference between irrigation by 80 or 60 % from calculated ETc except with yield and seed weight in both studied seasons. Number of leaves/ shoot, yield either kg/tree or ton/feddan and fruit flesh thickness (cm) were not significantly affected by mepiquat chloride foliar application at all concentrations in both seasons. The highest fruit TSS and the lowest shoot length (cm), leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) and total fruit acidity were obtained from peach trees treated by mepiquat chloride foliar application at 300 ppm but by mepiquat chloride foliar application at150ppm achieved the highest increase in fruit weight (gr), flesh weight (gr) and fruit total sugars in both seasons. Additionally, the obtained data from the interaction between irrigation levels and mepiquat chloride foliar application showed that mepiquat chloride foliar application made the decrease in irrigation level gave no significantly reduction in shoot length, leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) especially with concentration 150 ppm and with 300 ppm on leaf total chlorophyll contents. However, this interaction failed to show a clear trend on others studied parameters in both seasons. In addition, peach leaf anatomy has affected by foliar application with mepiquat chloride at 150 ppm and 300 ppm where a prominent increase in thickness of lamina of leaf blade more than those of unsprayed ones (control) has found. Finally, irrigated peach trees by 60% of calculated ETc led to the highest water saving and gave the highest productivity of irrigation water where every used m3 water gave (4.83 & 5.33 kg peach fruits).

scholarly journals Differences in morphological and physiological leaf characteristics between Tabebuia aurea and T. impetiginosa is related to their typical habitats of occurrence

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pfrimer Capuzzo ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto ◽  
Augusto César Franco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Mass Basis

The genus Tabebuia is representative of the Cerrado biome, occurring in savanna and forest formations. These vegetation types are associated with distinct environmental conditions in terms of water availability, microclimate and soil properties. We compared morphological and physiological traits between Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, which is typical of the savanna vegetation, and T. impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl, which is commonly found in the gallery forests that occur along streams and rivers. Both were sampled in savanna conditions under full sun. The savanna species had higher values of leaf and petiole thickness, specific leaf mass, maximum CO2 assimilation on a leaf area basis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and in leaf concentration of carotenoids. The forest species stood out by higher values of specific leaf area, petiole length and of CO2 assimilation on a mass basis, parameters related to shade tolerance and higher growth rates. This functional distinction in a range of leaf traits that was maintained when both were naturally growing under similar environmental conditions, suggests that these are probably the result of differences in the evolutionary history of the two species in response to the contrasting environmental conditions in the typical habitats where they occur.

scholarly journals In vitro clonal propagation and efficient acclimatization with use of hydrogel of intensively sweet medicinal plant Lippia dulcis Trev.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Clonal Propagation

Summary Introduction: The leaves of Lippia dulcis contain high amounts of hernandulcin. It is one thousand fold sweeter than sucrose, however, it hardly contains any calories. Objective: The aim of this research was to optimalisation of micropropagation and acclimatization of L dulcis Methods: The nodal explants were inoculated on phytohormone-free MS medium. After 6 weeks the explants were inoculated onto the MS medium with different plant growth regulators. Well-developed rooted plantlets were adapted to ex vitro conditions using hydrogel. Results: On the medium with BAP and NAA the highest number of shoots were produced. The higest average shoot length, number of the leaves and the leaf area were recorded on the medium with GA3. Adding IBA increased the number of roots. The addition of hydrogel enhanced the acclimatization efficiency. Conclusions: There was observed a positive, stimulating influence of growth regulators on mass propagation and increase in the number of leaves and the leaf area and influence of hydrogel on the development of plantlets during acclimatization.

scholarly journals Interaction between soil salinity and nitrogen on growth and gaseous exchanges in guava

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Idelfonso Leandro Bezerra ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
João Batista dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study evaluated the growth and gas exchanges of guava, cv. ‘Paluma’ cultivated in salinized soil and subjected to different nitrogen (N) doses in a protected environment in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with three replicates, and the treatments resulted from the combination of five salinity levels in the soil saturation extract - ECse (2.15, 3.15,4.15, 5.15 and 6.15 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended N dose). The dose referring to 100% of N corresponded to 541.1 mg of N dm-3 of soil. At 120 and 180 days after (DAT), plant growth was evaluated based on stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA) and number of leaves (NL). At 210 DAT, the following variables of leaf gas exchanges were evaluated: stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration (E) and CO2 assimilation rate (A). ECse above 2.15 dS m-1 reduced stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration and CO2 assimilation rate, in both evaluation periods. N dose above 70% of the recommendation (378.7 mg N dm-3 of soil) did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the salt stress on the growth and gas exchanges of guava plants.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT LADA (Piper nigrum L.) PADA APLIKASI PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI N:P:K DAN KONSENTRASI POC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cahyo Wicaksono ◽  
Netty Syam ◽  
Saida Saida
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Length Variable ◽  
Composition Factors

This research was carried out at the Darul Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School in Padang Lampe, Muslim University of Indonesia, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, which took place from March to September 2019. The study was aimed at analyzing the effect of the composition of N: P: K on the growth of pepper seedlings, analyzing the effect of the concentration of Organic Fertilizers Liquid (POC) on the growth of pepper seedlings, analyzing the interaction between giving the composition of N: P: K and giving POC on the growth of pepper seedlings. This research was compiled using a Randomized Group Design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the composition of N: P: K consisting of: N: PK 1 : 0 : 0 / plant, N: P: K 1 : 1 : 1 / plant, N: P: K 2 : 1 : 1 / plant and N : P: K  2 :1 : 2 / plant. The second factor is the concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer consisting of no POC, POC 0.05% / liter of water, POC 0.10% / liter of water and POC 0.15% / liter of water. The results showed that the best effect on the use of the composition N: P: K on the length of the shoot, number of leaves and leaf area of pepper seedlings. The use of liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 0.10% / liter of water gives the best effect on shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves and leaf area, and there are significant interactions between the composition factors of N: P: K and POC concentration on the shoot length variable of pepper seedling growth.

scholarly journals Habitat Preferences Dictate Amphibian Assemblage and Diversity in Langkawi Island, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616
Author(s):  
NUR JOHANA JOHARI ◽  
AMIRRUDIN AHMAD ◽  
EHWAN NGADI ◽  
MUZZNEENA AHMAD MUSTAPHA ◽  
LARRY LEE GRISMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Forest Habitats

Various habitats found on Langkawi Island such as agricultural fields, peat swamps, lowland forests, upland forests, and riverine forests are occupied by many species of anuran fauna. These variations provide a platform to explore species diversity, distribution, and other ecological parameters to understand the distribution patterns and to facilitate the management of important species within particular areas. The objective of this study was to compare species richness of anuran species in different types of habitat on Langkawi Island, Malaysia. We surveyed seven types of habitat, namely agriculture (AG), coastal (CL), forest (FT), pond (PD), fisherman village near estuarine mangrove (FVM), riparian forest (RF), and river (RV). A total of 775 individuals were recorded, representing 23 species from 14 genus and six families known to occur on Langkawi Island. Forest (FT) and riparian forest (RF) (both forest habitats) indicated relatively high values of Shannon Index (H’), 2.60 and 2.38 respectively, compared to the other non-forest habitats, CL (1.82), RV (1.71), FVM (1.56), PD (1.54), and AG (1.53). Rank abundance curves showed that the majority of disturbed habitats displayed geometric series models and broken stick models, whereas forest habitat types (FT and RF) represented log normal models. The performance of species richness estimators varied but Chao 1 estimator performed well for many sampled habitat types and showed the tendency to coalesce with Sobs (Mao Tau) curves except for CL and FVM. As expected, the forested habitat (FT and RF) was more diverse in species diversity compared to those of non-forest groups. Nevertheless, non-forested species were found in abundance, highlighting the relevance of these habitats in supporting the amphibian fauna. This study highlights the importance of habitat types in structuring species diversity and community structures and suggest that the information may be useful to improve conservation practices of inland amphibian habitats.

Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Henrique Ferreira Sabino ◽  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Otávio Miranda Verly ◽  
Sebastião Martins Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Ornamental Species

ABSTRACT Platycodon grandiflorus is an ornamental species that can be marketed as a potted flower; however, it has fragile and bending floral stems. Plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, are compounds that reduce stem elongation, enabling the production of plants with a more compact formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol on platycodon growth, in a greenhouse. A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four varieties of ‘Astra Semi-Double’ platycodon (Blue, Lavender, Pink and White) and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 mg pot-1). The paclobutrazol application did not affect the stem diameter, number of leaves, days until anthesis, number of flowers or flower buds, and flower diameter. The shoot length, leaf area and shoot dry mass decreased with higher doses of the growth regulator. Lavender showed the highest values for shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Pink had the earliest anthesis, followed by Blue and White, whereas Lavender had the latest anthesis. The dose of 3.75 mg pot-1 of paclobutrazol efficiently controlled the growth and improved the visual quality of all the platycodon varieties.

Carry-over effects on growth and transpiration in Fagus sylvatica seedlings after drought at various stages of development

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Löf ◽  
N T Welander
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Mass Increase

In the two experiments carried out, newly emerged F. sylvatica seedlings were grown in pots with sand for 2 years in a controlled environmental chamber. Seedling dry mass, leaf area, and number of leaves decreased because of drought in the previous and in the current year. The decrease in area per leaf was due only to the current-year drought. Drought in both the previous and the current year reduced the number of shoots in the current year. Shoot length was mainly affected by previous-year drought. Current-year seedling transpiration decreased because of drought both in the previous and in the current year. The transpiration rate per unit leaf area was not affected by previous-year drought, whereas an after-effect was found within the growing season. The recovery of transpiration following a drought was up to 20 days. Water-use efficiency was influenced by drought during shoot development. The correlation between integrated transpiration and dry mass increase was high. This study shows that both previous as well as current environmental conditions must be taken into consideration when explaining seedling growth.

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