Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol

ABSTRACT Platycodon grandiflorus is an ornamental species that can be marketed as a potted flower; however, it has fragile and bending floral stems. Plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, are compounds that reduce stem elongation, enabling the production of plants with a more compact formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol on platycodon growth, in a greenhouse. A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four varieties of ‘Astra Semi-Double’ platycodon (Blue, Lavender, Pink and White) and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 mg pot-1). The paclobutrazol application did not affect the stem diameter, number of leaves, days until anthesis, number of flowers or flower buds, and flower diameter. The shoot length, leaf area and shoot dry mass decreased with higher doses of the growth regulator. Lavender showed the highest values for shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Pink had the earliest anthesis, followed by Blue and White, whereas Lavender had the latest anthesis. The dose of 3.75 mg pot-1 of paclobutrazol efficiently controlled the growth and improved the visual quality of all the platycodon varieties.

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Carry-over effects on growth and transpiration in Fagus sylvatica seedlings after drought at various stages of development

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x99-232 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 468-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M Löf ◽

N T Welander

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

After Effect ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Carry Over ◽

Mass Increase

In the two experiments carried out, newly emerged F. sylvatica seedlings were grown in pots with sand for 2 years in a controlled environmental chamber. Seedling dry mass, leaf area, and number of leaves decreased because of drought in the previous and in the current year. The decrease in area per leaf was due only to the current-year drought. Drought in both the previous and the current year reduced the number of shoots in the current year. Shoot length was mainly affected by previous-year drought. Current-year seedling transpiration decreased because of drought both in the previous and in the current year. The transpiration rate per unit leaf area was not affected by previous-year drought, whereas an after-effect was found within the growing season. The recovery of transpiration following a drought was up to 20 days. Water-use efficiency was influenced by drought during shoot development. The correlation between integrated transpiration and dry mass increase was high. This study shows that both previous as well as current environmental conditions must be taken into consideration when explaining seedling growth.

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Does Green Really Mean Go? Increasing the Fraction of Green Photons Promotes Growth of Tomato but Not Lettuce or Cucumber

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Paul Kusuma ◽

Boston Swan ◽

Bruce Bugbee

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Wavelength Region ◽

Sole Source ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Shade Avoidance ◽

Crop Species ◽

Blue Region

The photon flux in the green wavelength region is relatively enriched in shade and the photon flux in the blue region is selectively filtered. In sole source lighting environments, increasing the fraction of blue typically decreases stem elongation and leaf expansion, and smaller leaves reduce photon capture and yield. Photons in the green region reverse these blue reductions through the photoreceptor cryptochrome in Arabidopsis thaliana, but studies in other species have not consistently shown the benefits of photons in the green region on leaf expansion and growth. Spectral effects can interact with total photon flux. Here, we report the effect of the fraction of photons in the blue (10 to 30%) and green (0 to 50%) regions at photosynthetic photon flux densities of 200 and 500 µmol m−2 s−1 in lettuce, cucumber and tomato. As expected, increasing the fraction of photons in the blue region consistently decreased leaf area and dry mass. By contrast, large changes in the fraction of photons in the green region had minimal effects on leaf area and dry mass in lettuce and cucumber. Photons in the green region were more potent at a lower fraction of photons in the blue region. Photons in the green region increased stem and petiole length in cucumber and tomato, which is a classic shade avoidance response. These results suggest that high-light crop species might respond to the fraction of photons in the green region with either shade tolerance (leaf expansion) or shade avoidance (stem elongation).

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PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR RADISH GROWN IN A LATOSOL WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF THESE NUTRIENTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n216rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 412-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO ◽

ALEXSON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA ◽

GILSON SILVERIO DA SILVA

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Potassium Fertilization ◽

Chemical Fertilization ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Better Than

ABSTRACT The intensive cultivation of vegetables with frequent chemical fertilization may cause accumulation of nutrients in the soil. This, in turn, may reduce crop yields and damage the environment due to contamination of ground water and rivers. Thus, to increase the effects of P (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha -1 of P2O5) and K (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) doses on the growth and productivity of radish cultivars (Sakata 19 and Sakata 25) in a soil with high levels of these nutrients, two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with the factors cultivars and doses arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design with three replications. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial productivity, percentage of cracked roots and P and K contents in the plant and in the soil were evaluated. The Sakata 19 cultivar performed better than the Sakata 25 in both experiments. The fertilization with P or K did not influence the growth and the productivity of both radish cultivars. Therefore, both cultivars of radish evaluated do not need to be fertilized with P and K when planted in a Latosol with high levels of these nutrients.

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Growth performance and nutritional quality of selected vegetables in response to organic and inorganic fertilizers under low and high irradiance

Journal of Plant Stress Physiology ◽

10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.6487 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

L. T. Olaokiki ◽

S. A. Adejumo

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Open Field ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Screen House ◽

Better Than

Vegetables form major part of human dietary/nutritional needs. It provides the necessary vitamins and minerals as well as antioxidants to boost immunity. Different vegetables however have different benefits and require different growing conditions. This study investigated the effect of two growing conditions (Screen-house and open field) and soil amendments; Mexican sunflower compost (MSC; applied at 0, 5, 10 t/ha) and NPK 15:15:15 (applied at 0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) on the growth performance, yield, and nutritional quality of five selected vegetables (Amaranthus cruentus, Celosia. argentea, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum nigrum and Solanum incanum). Each treatment was replicated three times and experiment arranged in completely randomized design, Compost was applied a week before seed sowing vegetables grown in the screen-house generally performed better than the open field in terms of leaf area and chlorophyll content. The response however varied based on the vegetable and the soil amendments. Solanum species, performed better than Amaranthus under screen-house than open field. Chlorophyll in the leaf responded positively to NPK fertilizer under screen-house conditions while growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves under screen-house and field conditions varied depending on the vegetables. The number of leaves and leaf area increased with soil amendments. Moisture, crude protein and ash contents were reduced under open field compared to screen-house. The zinc and iron contents of the vegetable leaves showed that addition of compost was superior to NPK and screen-house better than open field. It can be concluded that vegetables grown in the screen-house performed better in their respective growth parameters than vegetables are grown under the open field.

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EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Root Part ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

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Root, shoot and leaf traits of the congeneric Styrax species may explain their distribution patterns in the cerrado sensu lato areas in Brazil

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp10182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 209 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gustavo Habermann ◽

Anna C. G. Bressan

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Deep Roots ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Forest Habitats

Shoot and root lengths, the number of leaves, biomass and leaf area were measured in Styrax ferrugineus Nees and Mart., Styrax camporum Pohl. and Styrax pohlii A. DC cultivated in rhizotrons. Additionally, young individuals of these species were planted in a cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.), at the edge and in the understorey of a cerradão, and in the understorey of a riparian forest. Six months after planting, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the CO2 assimilation rate were assessed on an area (Aarea) and mass (Amass) basis. S. ferrugineus exhibited greater root and lower shoot length in comparison to S. pohlii. The high shoot growth and concomitantly substantial root length of S. camporum may illustrate why this species is widely distributed in the cerrado sensu lato areas, whereas the deep roots of S. ferrugineus could account for its occurrence in the cerrado s. str. In the field, an irradiance-diminishing gradient enlarged the SLA of S. pohlii, which positively influenced its Amass, and which could partially explain its occurrence in shady habitats. However, a non-plastic trait, such as the high shoot length of S. pohlii, is more likely to be responsible for the success of this species in forest habitats.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SAPLINGS OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) MART. IN DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882019000100003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽

Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽

Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽

Suelen Carpenedo Aimi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Lower Content ◽

Physiological Plasticity ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to verify the plasticity of saplings of Cabralea canjerana plants and their capacity to adapt to different light environments by means of morphological and physiological characteristics. For this, 12 plants of a secondary Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragment were selected, six growing under canopy and six in full sun. Trees were classified according to their sociological position as emergent and dominated. The leaves were classified as apical, intermediate and basal according to their position in the canopy. The variables measured were: total number of leaves, width, length, thickness, leaf area and dry mass of leaflets; content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Emergent leaflets of the upper position of the canopy in full sun, which are considered the most exposed to luminosity, presented xeromorphic characteristics such as leaflet size reduction, greater limbus thickness, smaller leaf area and lower content of chlorophyll b. The similarity in the dry mass and pigment content demonstrates that the photosynthetic activity of the C. canjerana plants analyzed is not being affected by the different conditions of the environment, which demonstrates the plasticity of the species and its capacity of development in several light conditions.

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Soybeans Competitiveness with Morning Glory

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

F. PICCININI ◽

T.N. MARTIN ◽

S.L.O. MACHADO ◽

N.D. KRUSE ◽

R. SCHMATZ

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Morning Glory ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Plant ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Herbicide Use

Weeds interfere negatively on development, yield and quality of soybeans (Glycine max). Inadequate weed control by herbicide use can select for resistant or tolerant biotypes, leading to a shift in the weed flora. An example is the increase of incidence of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in soybeans growing areas in South Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the competitiveness of soybeans intercropped with I. triloba, I. indivisa and I. purpurea through a replacement experiments series. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first experiment was carried out aiming to get the plant population while total plant dry mass remained constant. Other experiments were done under replacement series experiments with soybeans and morning glory ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:0 using the 250 plant m-2 defined by the preliminary experiment. Leaf area, root and shoots dry mass were assessed. Diagrams along with index interpretation were used to performed a competitiveness analysis. Soybeans showed greater competitiveness as I. triloba, I. purpurea and I. indivisa species for the leaf area, root and shoots dry mass variables. Intraspecific competition prevails between soybean plants whilst interspecific competition prevails for morning glory.

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Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/147/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Kabir ◽

M.Z. Iqbal ◽

M. Shafiq ◽

Z.R. Farooqi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Strong Influence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Thespesia Populnea ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of Thespesia populnea L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of T. populnea by reducing significantly (P < 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (P < 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of T. populnea, while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (P < 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in T. populnea seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

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Effect of ascorbic and salicylic acids on growth and flowering of Gazania cv. Frosty Kiss Mixed

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v26i4.2118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 537-544

Author(s):

Abdul Kareem A.J. Mohammad Saeed

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flowering Duration ◽

Flowering Date ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Number Of Leaves

Abstract An experiment was conducted during the season 2018-2019 in the lath house to study the effect of foliar spray with Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Salicylic Acid (SA) on vegetative and flowering growth traits of Gazania (Gazania rigens L.) cv. Frosty Kiss Mixed. The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment (3×3) in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Plants were sprayed with concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 mg L-1 of AsA, and 0, 150 and 300 mg L-1 of SA. Foliar spray with 200 mg L-1 of AsA was superior on increasing number of leaves (40.00), number of suckers (9.22), leaf area (2174.09 cm2), leaves dry weight (6.36 g), number of flowers (5.64), early of flowering date (97.22 days), flower fresh and dry weight (4.78 g) (0.51 g) respectively, while spray with a concentration of 100 mg L-1 led to increase flower diameter (6.37 cm) and flowering duration (10.85 days). Foliar spray with SA improved all vegetative and flowering traits. Treatment of 300 mg L-1 was the most significant effect in increasing number of leaves (39.56), leaf area (2182.06 cm2), leaves fresh weight (43.93 g), number of flowers (5.83), flower diameter (6.31 cm), early of flowering date (98.07 days), and flower dry weight (0.50 g). The interaction effect between the studied factors was significant in all studied traits. Treatment of AsA200×SA150 was the most effective and gave the best results in terms of number of suckers (9.11), dry weight of leaves (6.49 g), number of flowers (5.87), flower diameter (6.44 cm), flowering date (96.98 days), flowering duration (10.89 days).

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