Evidence that banana (Musa spp.), a tropical monocotyledon, has a facultative long-day response to photoperiod

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanie A. Fortescue ◽  
David W. Turner ◽  
Ronald Romero
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Thermal Development ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Tropics

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) may flower at any time of the year but they show seasonal variation in flowering. To determine whether photoperiod contributed to this seasonal variation, we calculated the thermal development units (DT) from planting to bunch appearance (flowering) using data from published planting date experiments in the tropics and subtropics. Minimising the coefficient of variation in DT across planting dates was used to evaluate the contribution of photoperiod and soil water balance to time of flowering. Coefficients evaluating sensitivity to photoperiod were estimated in some datasets and validated on independent datasets. Data on the rate of bunch appearance from four locations over several years were analysed to establish correlations between this, photoperiod and temperature. The time of bunch initiation was matched against photoperiod to determine whether short photoperiods delayed bunch initiation. Long photoperiods in the mid-vegetative phase hastened flowering while soil water deficits delayed it. Cultivars of the Cavendish subgroup (AAA) were more sensitive to photoperiod than the Maricongo cultivar (False Horn-type plantain, AAB). Long photoperiods during the reproductive phase were correlated with an increased rate of bunch appearance some 8 to 11 weeks later. Musa spp. show a facultative long-day response to photoperiod.

scholarly journals Reducing sugarcane irrigation demand through planting date adjustment in Alagoas State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Ronaldo S. Resende ◽  
Thais Nascimento ◽  
Tatiane B. de Carvalho ◽  
Julio R. A. Amorim ◽  
Lineu Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is both an important crop for the Brazilian Northeast economy, which faces severe water scarcity, and a water-intensive crop. Thus, it is important to develop irrigation strategies to reduce irrigation water demand in the region. This study aims to determine the sugarcane planting date that results in the maximum rainwater availability to the crop in the growing cycle. The crop effective precipitation was estimated from a soil water balance performed during three planting cycles of sugarcane, cultivar ‘RB 92579’. The crop was planted under subsurface drip irrigation in five months: October, November, December, January, and February, corresponding to the dry season period of the region. The experiment was conducted at the Açúcar e Álcool Coruripe Mill, located in the Coruripe municipality, State of Alagoas, Brazil, during the years 2012 to 2016. For all planting dates and growing cycles studied, the average effective rainy precipitation was equal to 30% of the total rainfall under irrigated conditions and 54.5% without considering the irrigation component in the soil water balance. November was the planting date that resulted in the minimum irrigation depth for the sugarcane growing cycle, with the potential irrigation water saving ranging from 5 to 129 mm.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Glucosinolate Accumulation in Turnip Cultivars Grown with Colored Plastic Mulches

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1608-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica L. Justen ◽  
Jerry D. Cohen ◽  
Gary Gardner ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Planting Dates

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are thioglucosides with important properties for plant defense and human health. The objective of this study was to quantify yield and GSL concentration in turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) roots and shoots as influenced by colored plastic mulches. Four turnip cultivars (‘Just Right’, ‘Purple Top’, ‘Royal Crown’, and ‘Scarlet Queen’) were grown over five mulch treatments: white, yellow, silver, red, blue, and a bare soil control in both a May and an August planting in 2006 and 2007. Yield varied by variety; however, there was no consistent relationship between mulch treatment and yield. Glucosinolate concentrations and profiles varied with tissue type, genotype, and environmental factors, including temperature and planting date. Mulch-dependent increases in GSL concentrations were not consistent across tissue types, cultivars, planting dates, and years of the study, possibly as a result of differences in climatic factors and mulch-dependent changes in soil temperature between planting dates and years of the study.

scholarly journals MANEJO ECONÔMICO DA IRRIGAÇÃO DE FEIJÃO CAUPI VIA MODELO DE SIMULAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Rogério Teixeira de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Dssat Model

MANEJO ECONÔMICO DA IRRIGAÇÃO DE FEIJÃO CAUPI VIA MODELO DE SIMULAÇÃO[1]  Edson Alves BastosEmbrapa Meio-norte - UEP/Parnaíba - Cx. Postal 341 CEP:64202-020, Parnaíba-PIe-mail: [email protected] Vinícius FolegattiESALQ/USP - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Departamento de Engenharia Rural Cx. Postal 09 CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba-SPAderson Soares de Andrade JúniorMilton José CardosoEmbrapa Meio-Norte - Cx. Postal 01 CEP: 64006-220, Teresina-PIRogério Teixeira de FariaIAPAR - Cx. Postal 481, CEP: 86001-970,Londrina-PR  1 RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar estratégias econômicas de manejo de irrigação em feijão caupi, nas condições de solo e clima dos municípios de Parnaíba e Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram simulados 20 tratamentos, originados da combinação de cinco níveis de água no solo (60, 50, 40, 30% da Capacidade de Água Disponível 'CAD' e sem irrigação) com quatro épocas de semeadura (15/06, 15/07, 15/08 e 15/09), utilizando-se o modelo CROPGRO-cowpea/DSSAT.  As simulações foram realizadas para um período de 9 anos (1990 a 1998), em Parnaíba, e 22 anos (1977 a 1998), em Teresina. A análise da estratégia ótima do manejo de irrigação foi feita com base na dominância de Gini. Os resultados evidenciaram que, nos dois municípios, a semeadura em 15/06 foi a mais favorável para o cultivo irrigado do feijão caupi, devendo-se manter o teor de água no solo em níveis de até 50% da CAD. UNITERMOS: Vigna unguiculata, feijão-de-corda, DSSAT,    BASTOS, E.A, FOLEGATTI, M.V, ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A.S., CARDOSO, M.J., FARIA, R.T. ECONOMIC IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN COWPEA CROP BY SIMULATION MODEL  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify economic strategies of irrigation management, in the soil and meteorological conditions of Parnaíba and Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.  Twenty treatments were simulated combining five soil water levels (60, 50, 40,  30 % of soil water available 'SWA' and without irrigation) and four planting dates (15/06, 15/07, 15/08 and 15/09), using the CROPGRO-cowpea/DSSAT model. The simulations included a period of 9 years (1990 to 1998) for Parnaíba and 22 years (1977 to 1998) for Teresina.  The treatments were analyzed from Mean-Gini Dominance. The results showed that the best strategy is an irrigation management with 50% of SWA and a planting date in 15/06.  KEYWORDS: Vigna unguiculata, beans, DSSAT.[1] Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor. PG Irrigação e Drenagem, ESALQ/USP.

scholarly journals Predicting large wildfires across western North America by modeling seasonal variation in soil water balance

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Waring ◽  
Nicholas C. Coops
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Western North America

scholarly journals Soil water balance simulated by CROPGRO-Drybean model for edaphoclimatic conditions in Maringá

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Paulo S. L. de Freitas ◽  
Rogério T. de Faria ◽  
Antonio C. A. Gonçalves ◽  
Aleksandra G. Jácome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
State University ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bean Crop

The performance of the CROPGRO-Drybeans model for the prediction of soil water balance, as well as growth components and bean crop yield, was assessed using data from two field experiments conducted at the State University of Maringá Irrigation Technical Center, Paraná - Brazil, (latitude 23º27'S, longitude 51º57' and altitude 542 m), during the 2005 and 2006 growing season. The model simulations correlated well with measured soil moisture (r > 0.7) for both experiments. However, there were high discrepancies between measured and simulated soil moisture values on the days after rainfall. In addition, it was found that the model exaggerates the effect of water stress during the flowering phase, which leds to underprediction (19 and 29%) of crop yield.

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Rahim Mohammadian ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽  
Peyvand Samimifar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

APPLICATION OF THE USGS SOIL-WATER-BALANCE (SWB) MODEL TO ESTIMATE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN CENTRAL IOWA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Day ◽  
◽  
William W. Simpkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Balance
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